PREPARED BY : JHON JOSEPH MANIGOS
JJ NAME:
GRADE AND SECTION : V-SAPPHIRE
Table of Contents 1
Addition and Subtraction of Whole 2
Numbers
LESSON 1
Get Directed
One of the cleanest ways to generate electricity is to use the energy of moving
water. Measured by volume, one of the largest dams in the world is the Pati Dam in
Argentina with a volume of 238,318,150m³. The Chapeton Dam also in Argentina has a
volume of 296,361,000m³. Both will be surpassed in volume by the Syncrude Tailings
Dam in Canada with 540,090,000m³. How much water is in both dams in Argentina? How
much bigger is the dam in Canada than the two dams in Argentina?
ADDITION OF WHOLE NUMBERS
Adding million or billions is like adding smaller numbers. When adding whole
numbers, addends are arranged so that place values are aligned properly.
Pati Dam 238,318,150 or 296,361,000
Chapeton Dam + 296,361,000 + 238,318,150
534,679,150 534,679,150
The volume of water in both dams in Argentina is 534,679,150m³.
PROPERTIES OF ADDITION
1. COMMUTATIVE PROPERTY of addition tells us that the order in which numbers
are added does not affect the sum.
How much water in all is in Argentina’s dams and Canada’s dam?
238,318,150 + 296,361,000 + 540,090,000 = Total Volume
(238,318,150 + 296,361,000) + 540,090,000 = 1,074,769,150m³
or
238,318,150 + (296,361,000 + 540,090,000) = 1,074,769,150m³
2. ASSOCIATIVE PROPERTY states that the grouping of numbers does not change
the sum. For example, 8 + (2 + 3) = (8 + 2) + 3 = 13.
3. Another property of addition you need to know is the IDENTIFY PROPERTY. It
means any number added to zero is equal to the number itself. Zero is the identify
element of addition. Example: 3 + 0 = 3, the number 3 kept its identity, and the
value remained the same.
SUBTRACTION OF WHOLE NUMBERS
To subtract whole numbers up to billions place, you need to align the digits
properly according their place value. Then subtract from right to left. Regroup if
needed.
How much bigger is the dam in Canada than the two dams in Argentina?
540,090,000
- 534,679,150
5,410,850
The dam in Canada is 5,410,850m³ bigger than two dams in Argentina
ESTIMATED SUM AND DIFFERENCE
Problem: All living things need fresh water. Earth’s freshwater supplies are replenished
by rain. The freshwater lake with the greatest surface area is Lake Superior, one of the
Great Lakes. The total area is 82,362km². The largest lake is the Caspian Sea between
the USSR and Iran with a total area of 317,665km². Estimate the total area of the two
lakes.
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Solution: To get a more precise estimate, round each number to the greatest place
value and then add.
Lake Superior 82,362 Rounds to 80,000
Caspian Sea 371,665 Rounds to 400,000
480,000
The estimated total area of Lake Superior and the Caspian Sea is 480,000km².
Rounding is just one way to estimate sums. You can also estimate by using front-
end estimation.
Example: The largest ocean in the world is the Pacific with an area of
166,243,290km².
The largest gulf in the world is the Gulf of Mexico with an area of
1,502,200km².
The largest bay in the world is the Hudson Bay in Canada with an area of
822,325km².
Find the estimated total area of these world facts.
166,243,290
Step 1: Add the front digits that have the 1,502,200
same place value. + 822,325
167,000,000 rough estimates
166,243,290
Step 2: For greater precision, adjust the 1,502,200
the estimate by using the digits + 822,325
to the right of the front digits 167,000,000 + 1,500,000
= 168,500,000 adjusted estimates
The estimated total area of the three world facts is 168,500,000km².
The same procedure is followed for estimating differences.
Get Engaged
Direction: Perform the indicated operations.
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Wrap Up
It is important to align the digits of the addends properly before adding
the numbers.
When subtracting whole numbers, align the digits according to their
place value, then subtract from right to left. Regroup if needed.
We use estimation to check the reasonableness of the sum or difference.
To estimate is to give an approximate answer which can be more or less
than the actual answer.
You can use two methods in estimation-Front-End and Rounding Off
Method.
LESSON 2 Applying the Properties of
Multiplication
Get Directed
Multiplication is the process of combining or putting together the sets with
equal number of elements. Simply it is repeated addition.
In the problem, the set is the day and the element is the distance in kilometer.
Putting these together, we have 8 + 8 + 8 + 8 = 40km. This is why
multiplication is also defined as repeated addition or the shortcut in adding similar
addends. Converting this to a multiplication sentence, that is, elements {E} x sets {S}
is:
8 x 5 = 40km.
E – factors -S product
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The numbers 8 and 5 (elements and sets) are called factors or the number being
multiplied together, whereas, 40 is called the product or the result of multiplying two or
more factors.
PROPERTIES OF MULTIPLICATION
Knowing the different properties of multiplying helps for easier multiplication,
Study each mathematical sentence below. Name and differentiate the five properties of
multiplication.
The properties of multiplication are those features that are used when we multiply
two or more numbers in an expression. The different properties of multiplication have
various types of rules as explained in the following sections.
The Commutative property of multiplication states that any change in the order
of the factors does not affect the product. For example, 3 × 5 × 2 = 2 × 3 × 5 = 30. The
formula of the commutative property of multiplication is expressed as, a × b = b × a
Distributive property of multiplication is applied to addition and subtraction. It
is represented as, a (b + c) = ab + ac; and a (b - c) = ab - ac.
The Identity property of multiplication which is also known as the Multiplicative
Identity Property states that when a number is multiplied by 1, the product is always the
number itself. It is represented as, a × 1 = a. For example, 5 × 1 = 5, or 1 × 17 = 17.
Zero property of multiplication, when a number is multiplied with 0, the
product is always 0. It is represented as, a × 0 = 0. For example, 42 × 0 = 0, or 0 × 23 =
0.
Associative property of multiplication, changing the grouping of numbers does not
have an effect on the product of numbers. For example, (4 × 6) × 3 = 4 × (6 × 3) = 72.
The formula that is used to express this property is, (a × b) × c = a × (b × c)
Case 1: 8 x 5= 40 vs. 5 x 8 = 40
Look at the factors and products. What do you notice? __________________
This is the _____________________________property of multiplication.
Case 2: (8 x 5) x 4 = ___________ vs. 8 x (5 x 4) = _____________________.
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Find the products. Are the products the same? ____________________.
How do the groupings of the factors affect the product? ________________.
We call this the _______________ property of multiplication.
Case 3: 8 x 1 = ________ vs. 1 x 4 = _________
What is the common factor of the two sentences above? __________.
What do you observe whenever this number is being multiplied to other numbers?
_______________________________________________________________________________
What property of multiplication is this? ______________________________________
Case 4: 8 x 0 = ________ vs. 0 x 5 = ________
Answer the two sentences. What can you say about it? _________________
Name the property being described. ___________________________________
Case 5: 4 x 13 = 4 x (10 + 3)
= (4 x 10) + (4 x 3)
= 40 + 12
= 52
Examine Case 5 closely. Note what had been done? __________________
What do you think is the reason behind this? __________________________
This is distributive property of multiplication.
Get Directed
Direction: Identify the multiplication property used in each equation.
Multiplying of Whole
LESSON 3 Numbers by 2- to 5-Digit
Multiplier
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Get Directed
If each month your telephone bill is 10,378, how much is your bill for one year?
To find the total charges, repeat 10,378 twelve times and then add. Or simply,
multiply 10,378 by 12. Study the steps on how the product is obtained below.
10,378
x 12
20,756 – Step 1: Multiply 10,378 by 2 (one digit)
103,780 – Step 2: Multiply 10,378 by 10 (tens digit)
124,536 – Step 3: Add the partial products.
Why zero at the end?
Because it is actually being
multiplied by 10
Since 12 = 10 + 2
Therefore, the total change for the client is Php 124,536.
Try to solve the following problem. Follow the steps shown above.
56,348
x 253
(56,348 x 3) ______________
(56,348 x 50) ______________ Add all three partial products.
(56,348 x 200) ______________
Final Product ______________
Note that zeros at the end of each partial product may be suppressed or omitted.
Keep in mind that as you go to higher place values, you are multiplying by
multiples of 10.
Another fun and easy way to multiply bigger numbers is the Lattice Multiplication.
Using the previous example, here’s how:
Let’s multiply 247 x 38
1. Get it set-up!
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2. Make your matches and multiply!
2 x 3, 4 x 3
7 x 3, 2 x 8
4 x 8, 7 x 8
3. Start all the bottom and add down the diagonal stripes.
2
2
3
+ 6
13
3 8 6
Regroup the tens digit
to the next diagonal
4. Now finish it off!
247 x 38= 9,386
5. You can check your answer using
The regular way of multiplying.
Get Engaged
Direction: Multiply.
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Special and Estimated
LESSON 4
Products
Get Directed
Special products:
Multiply the non-zero digits. But include the zero/s which is/are found in between
the non-zero digits.
20, 360 1 zero
x 80 1 zero
1,628,800 2 zeros
Affix as many zero/s as there are in the factors (except those which are
“sandwiched” by non-zero digits).
2,360 1 zero
x __ 800 2 zeros
1,888,000 3 zeros
Estimated Product
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To estimate a product, follow these steps:
Round off the factors to the highest place value. Do not round off a single digit.
Retain it as it is.
165 200 213 200
x 23 x 20 x 8 x 8
Apply the process in multiplying the special products.
165 200 213 200
x 23 x 20 x 8 x 8
400 1,600
Get Engaged
Direction: A. Compute for the special products.
1. 34,029 2. 67,253 3. 45,788
X 5,000 x 5,000 x 8,000
B. Estimate the products of the following:
4. 38,974 = 5. 29,786
x 568 = x 865
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