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Nanomaterials are defined as materials with at least one dimension on the nanometer scale, exhibiting unique properties due to their size. They are considered essential for advancing solar energy conversion devices and have gained attention for their applications in various fields, particularly ZnO thin films. The changes in properties of nanomaterials are attributed to surface and quantum confinement effects.

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4 views2 pages

Document

Nanomaterials are defined as materials with at least one dimension on the nanometer scale, exhibiting unique properties due to their size. They are considered essential for advancing solar energy conversion devices and have gained attention for their applications in various fields, particularly ZnO thin films. The changes in properties of nanomaterials are attributed to surface and quantum confinement effects.

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badalbehera2356
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© All Rights Reserved
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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 NANOMATERIALS
1.2

Nanomaterials can be defined as a material which contains at least one

Dimension on the nanometer scale (<100 nm) and their properties are greatly

Affected by the confinement of dimensionality of the nanoscale materials. The word

“nano” stems from the Greek word “nanos”, which means dwarf. This word “nano”

Is used as a prefix for 10-9

, ie., one billionth of unity (Tiwari et al. 2012). Owing to

The higher surface to volume ratio and also due to quantum confinement effects,

Nanocrystalline materials show entirely different properties in comparison with bulk

Materials (Barauh et al. 2009). Nanomaterials exhibiting nanostructures are

Considered as fundamental building blocks for the upgrading of next generation

Solar energy conversion devices due to their improved performance and novel
Functionalities like flexibility and mobility (Tak et al. 2009). Currently,

Nanomaterials have attracted great attention because of their excellent performance

In various fields. Due to the applications of ZnO as sensors, transducers and

Catalyst, the synthesis of ZnO thin films has been an energetic field from 1960s.

With the size reduction, finding out the remarkable changes in electrical, chemical,

Mechanical and optical properties are generally believed to be the outcome of

Surface and quantum confinement effects

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