HOME AUTOMATION

MINI-PROJECT REPORT

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of [Link]

Degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from the APJ
Abdul Kalam Technological University
Submitted by
[Link] Carlos (SCT20EC034)

Jishnu Das V.T (SCT20EC043)

Jithu Krishna.J.U (SCT20EC044)

R.V. Akash (SCT20EC076)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SREE CHITRA THIRUNAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM

June, 2023
 DECLARATION

We undersigned hereby declare that the project report “Home Automation”, submitted for

partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology of

the APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University, Kerala is a bonafide work done by us under

supervision of Subha.V, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication

Engineering. This submission represents our ideas in our own words and where ideas or

words of others have been included, we have adequately and accurately cited and referenced

the original sources. We also declare that we have adhered to ethics of academic honesty

and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated any data or idea or fact or source in

our submission. We understand that any violation of the above will be a cause for

disciplinary action by the institute and/or the University and can also evoke penal action

from the sources which have thus not been properly cited or from whom proper permission

has not been obtained. This report has not been previously formed the basis for the award of

any degree, diploma or similar title of any other University.

Thiruvananthapuram 20th June,

[Link] Carlos (SCT20EC034)
2023
Jishnu Das V.T (SCT20EC043)

Jithu Krishna.J.U (SCT20EC044)

R.V. Akash (SCT20EC076)

1
 DEPT. OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING

SREE CHITRA THIRUNAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,

PAPPANAMCODE
2022-23

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report entitled “Home Automation” submitted by,
[Link] Carlos (SCT20EC034), Jishnu Das V.T (SCT20EC043),
Jithu Krishna.J.U (SCT20EC044), R.V. Akash (SCT20EC076) to the APJ
Abdul Kalam Technological University in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in
Electronics and communication is a bonafide record of the mini project work
carried out by them under our guidance and supervision. This report in any
form has not been submitted to any other University or Institute for any
purpose.

Subha.V Dr. Smitha P.S

Project Coordinator Project Guide
Associate Professor, Assistant
Dept. of ECE, Professor, Dept. of
SCTCE ECE, SCTCE

Prof. (Dr.) Nisha Jose K.

Head of the Department,
Dept. of ECE

2
 CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 BACKGROUND AND HISTORY
1.2 OBJECTIVE
1.3 APPLICATIONS

2 LITERATURE SURVEY 4

3 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS 5
3.1 Arduino UNO R3
3.2 MFRC522 RFID Reader, PICC and RFID Card
3.3 KY-038 Sound Sensor Module
3.4 HC-05 Bluetooth Module
3.5 Servo Motor
3.6 LED
4 METHODOLOGY 13
4.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
4.2 WORKING
4.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
4.4 PROGRAM
4.5 PLATFORMS USED

5 RESULTS 16

6 COST ANALYSIS 17

7 CONCLUSION 18

REFERENCES 19

APPENDIX A 20

APPENDIX B 24

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We take this opportunity to thank everyone who has extended their warm
support and guidance, without which the realization of this work would not
have been possible.

Our heartfelt gratitude to Dr. Sheeja M K, Principal in charge, Sree Chitra

Thirunal College of Engineering, Trivandrum, and Dr. Nisha Jose K Head of
the Department, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering. Sree
Chitra Thirunal College of Engineering. Trivandrum, for facilitating an
environment for the successful completion of this project.

We are immensely indebted to our project coordinator [Link] V Assistant

Professor, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering for his
encouragement and hearty support through every phase of the work.

We express our deep note of gratitude to our guide Dr. Smitha P.S.. Assistant
Professor, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, for her
support at every point and her expert guidance throughout the preparation and
presentation of this project. Her knowledge and suggestions have been
integral to shaping this project work. It has been an honor to work under such
an excellent guide.

We are happy to thank other faculty members and technical and

administrative staff of the Department of Electronics & Communication
Engineering for their valuable support and cooperation.

And finally, we are thankful to all our friends and family for their goodwill
and encouraging words. Without their support through thick and thin, we
would not have been able to complete this project

4
 ABSTRACT

In a world filled with ever-evolving technology, every individual wishes to

surround themselves with machines and intelligence that makes their daily
tasks and duties simpler. Residents of a particular household prefer to quickly
get through their chores and set their mind to things that are vital to their
livelihood. Utilizing today’s capability in automation and IOT, we can
complete any task with a simple gesture or even through the snap of our fingers.
With our project, we intend to create a miniature residential automated system
where on the count of our finger snaps, lights in different rooms can be turned
on. With great technology, there also comes the issue of security. Therefore,
we have included a RFID System that consists of a PICC Card and a RFID Tag
that can be used for authentication by the residents. To enable the residents to
check the identity of the resident/visitor, we are using a Bluetooth Module HC-
05 along with a Serial Communication Mobile that the latter communicates to.
We strongly believe this is the future of Automation.

5
 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig No. Title Of Figure Page No.

3.1 Arduino UNO R3 6

3.2 Arduino UNO R3 Schematic and PINOUT 7

3.3 RFID Reader, PICC Card and Reader 8

3.4 Sound Sensor KY-038 9

3.5 Bluetooth Module HC-05 10

3.6 Servo Motor SG90 11

3.7 LED 12

4.1 Block Diagram 13

4.3 Circuit Diagram 15

4.5 Arduino Documentation 20

4.6 Arduino IDE 20

4.7 Serial Communication Application 21

5.1 Circuit Connections 21

5.2 Authentication Phase 22

5.3 RFID PICC Scan 23

5.4 RFID Tag Scan 23

5.5 Invalid Scan 23

5.6 Serial Communication Bluetooth 24

5.7 Initial Light State 24

6
 Fig No. Title Of Figure Page No.

5.8 Lights after Snap 1 24

5.9 Lights after Snap 2 25

5.10 Lights after Snap 3 25

A.1 Arduino UNO R3 Pinout 29

A.2 MFRC522 RFID Reader Pinout 29

B.1 Bluetooth HC-05 Module 30

B.2 Sound Sensor KY-038 Module 30

B.3 LED Dimension Layout 30

7
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

LED Light Emitting Diode

PICC Proximity Integrated Circuit

PWM Pulse Width Modulation

RFID Radio Frequency

Identification
UID Unique Identification

8
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1. Introduction

Home automation is the control of household devices and appliances

from a remote location. This can be done using a variety of methods,
including remote controls, smartphones, and voice commands. Arduino
is an open-source electronics platform that can be used to build home
automation projects. It is a popular choice for home automation because
it is relatively inexpensive, easy to use, and has a large community of
users who can provide support.
Arduino is a popular choice for home automation because it is
relatively inexpensive, easy to use, and has a large community of
users who can provide support. Arduino boards can be used to control
a wide variety of home automation devices, including lights,
thermostats, door locks, and security cameras.
There are many different ways to use Arduino for home automation.
One common approach is to use an Arduino board to control a relay.
A relay is a switch that can be controlled electronically. By
connecting a relay to an Arduino board, you can control the power to
a device.
Another common approach is to use an Arduino board to interface
with a sensor. Sensors can be used to measure a variety of things,
such as temperature, humidity, light, and motion. By connecting a
sensor to an Arduino board, you can create a home automation system
that responds to changes in the environment.

● A system that turns on the lights when you come home and off
when you leave.
● A system that adjusts the thermostat based on the current
temperature and time of day.
● A system that locks the doors when you go to bed and unlocks
them when you wake up.
● A system that turns on the sprinklers when it starts to rain.
● A system that alerts you if there is a break-in.

1
 1.2 OBJECTIVE

● To design and implement a home automation system that uses an

RFID scanner to identify the user, a Bluetooth module to
communicate with a mobile app, and a sound sensor to detect the
number of finger snaps. The system will then turn on different
LEDs in different rooms depending on the number of finger snaps
detected.
● To simulate the operation of a security system on a small scale.
● To enable residents to activate devices intuitively rather than
through instructions.

1.3 APPLICATIONS

● Accessibility Enhancement: For individuals with mobility or physical

disabilities, using snapping and sound sensor technology can provide
an accessible way to control various aspects of their home, such as
lighting, entertainment systems, and appliances, without the need for
complex physical interactions or remote controls.

● Possible integration to other appliances that can be operated through

gestures
● Finger Snap operation can be swapped for another gesture like
producing a certain tone/noise to operate said device for Disabled and
Elderly Individuals.

● Personalized Greetings: Each household member can have their own

RFID card or tag associated with their profile. When the RFID tag is
detected by a reader placed at the entrance or near a specific area, the
system can recognize the owner and greet them with a personalized
message or voice prompt. For example, "Welcome home, [owner's
name]."

● Therapeutic Environments: Sound and light can have a significant

impact on our mood and well-being. Utilizing snapping and sound
sensors, you can create therapeutic environments within your home.
For example, snapping your fingers could trigger a sequence that
activates calming lights and plays relaxing music, aiding in stress
reduction and relaxation

2
 ● Child-Friendly Automation: Children often find interactive and
intuitive interfaces fascinating. Implementing snapping and sound
sensor technology in a child's bedroom or play area can make it more
engaging and fun. They can control lights, play music, or activate
special effects with a simple snap, encouraging creativity and
imaginative play.

● Create an Energy Efficient Environment: Having your home under

control through just intuitive gestures and actions can help save energy
and power and utilize them whenever needed. This Intuitive
mechanism can also be extended to the utilization of renewable energy
thereby helping the Globe to reach Net Zero carbon emissions by
2050.

3
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

Automating a residential home has been implemented in various ways from as

simple as turning on an appliance by a gesture to utilizing Artificial Intelligence
and Robotic Assistance. Smart Devices have already proved valuable in Homes
and Workplaces, by simplifying our daily tasks from waking up in the morning
to ending your day with your favorite TV show. Though they are quite simple
compared to manual work, these devices do pose some challenges. As any
smart device nowadays, these devices lack the functionality of being fully
interoperable.

These components can be used to create a home automation project that is

both versatile and secure. The sound sensor can be used to control
appliances based on the level of noise, the Bluetooth module can be used to
control appliances remotely, and the RFID reader can be used to identify
people or objects. The Arduino UNO R3 can be used to control all of these
components and to create a secure and reliable home automation system.

Here are some of the benefits of using these components in a home

automation project:

● Versatility: The sound sensor, Bluetooth module, RFID reader, and

Arduino UNO R3 can be used to create a variety of home automation
projects.
● Security: The RFID reader can be used to identify people or objects,
which can help to improve the security of your home.
● Reliability: The Arduino UNO R3 is a reliable and well-documented
microcontroller board.

Overall, the literature survey shows that these components are a good
choice for a home automation project. They are versatile, secure, and
reliable.

4
 CHAPTER 3

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

3.1. Arduino UNO R3:

Arduino UNO Rev 3 (Revision 3) is a microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as
PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16MHz ceramic resonator, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It contains
everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a
computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to
get started. The ATmega328P also features 1kb of EEPROM, a memory which
is not erased when powered off.
It can be programmed using the C++ Language through the Official Arduino
IDE.
Technical Specifications:
Microcontroller ATmega328P

Operating Voltage 5V

Input Voltage 7-12V

(recommended)

Input Voltage (limit) 6-20V

Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

PWM Digital I/O Pins 6

Analog Input Pins 6

5
 DC Current per I/O Pin 20 mA

DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA

Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328P) of which 0.5 KB used by

bootloader

SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328P)

EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328P)

Clock Speed 16 MHz

LED_BUILTIN 13

Length 68.6 mm

Width 53.4 mm

Weight 25 g

6
 Fig [Link] UNO R3

Fig 3.2 Arduino UNO R3 Pinout

3.3 RFID Reader (MFRC522) , PICC Card and RFID Tag:

A radio frequency identification reader (RFID reader) is a device used to gather
information from an RFID tag, which is used to track individual objects. Radio
waves are used to transfer data from the tag to a reader.

RFID is a technology similar in theory to bar codes. However, the RFID tag
does not have to be scanned directly, nor does it require line-of-sight to a
reader. The RFID tag must be within the range of an RFID reader, which ranges
from 3 to 300 feet, in order to be read. RFID technology allows several items
to be quickly scanned and enables fast identification of a particular product,
even when it is surrounded by several other items.

7
 RFID tags have not replaced bar codes because of their cost and the need to
individually identify every item.

PICC Card The PICC card is a passive smart card that draws its energy via
inductive coupling from the proximity coupling device( PCD), which is the
RFID reader. Such PICC cards, like most passive RFID tags, operate at 13.56
MHz. Proximity cards are standardized under ISO 14443, they operate with
chips and LC circuits and have no power supply of their own. This is provided
by charging the capacity of the LC circuit via the RF coupling between the
reader and the PICC card.

Fig 3.3 RFID Reader, PICC Card and Reader

3.4 Sound Sensor KY-038:

KY-038 LM393 Sound Detection Sensor Module for Arduino detects
whether the sound has exceeded a threshold value. The sound is detected via
a microphone and fed into an LM393 op-amp. The sound level setpoint is
adjusted via an onboard potentiometer. When the sound level exceeds the
setpoint, an LED on the module is illuminated and the output is sent low.

SPECIFICATIONS

● Working voltage: DC 3.3-5V

● Signal output indication

8
 ● The output is digital
● Single-channel signal output
● With the retaining bolt hole, convenient installation
● Output low level and the signal light when there is sound
● Dimensions: 37x15x13.7mm
● Weight: 4g

Pinout:

● AO: Analog output sensor

● GND: Ground
● VCC: Power supply
● DO: Digital Output (comparator output)
● Two Red LED indications: POWER and SENSOR.
● POWER: Power is off.
● SENSOR: When the microphone senses sound reaches a
certain value, this LED light.

Sound Sensor KY-038 captures the sound of a snap and communicates with
the Arduino Board to Light up the LEDs through the Digital Pins

9
 Fig 3.4 Sound Sensor KY-038

3.5. Bluetooth Module HC-05:

HC-05 is a Bluetooth module which is designed for wireless communication.
This module can be used in a master or slave configuration.
Bluetooth serial modules allow all serial enabled devices to communicate with
each other using Bluetooth.
It has 6 pins,
1. Key/EN: It is used to bring Bluetooth modules in AT commands mode. If
the Key/EN pin is set to high, then this module will work in command mode.
Otherwise by default it is in data mode. The default baud rate of HC-05 in
command mode is 38400 bps and 9600 in data mode.
HC-05 module has two modes,
1. Data mode: Exchange of data between devices.
2. Command mode: It uses AT commands which are used to change settings
of HC-05. To send these commands to the module serial (USART) port is
used.
2. VCC: Connect 5 V or 3.3 V to this Pin.
3. GND: Ground Pin of module.
4. TXD: Transmit Serial data (wirelessly received data by Bluetooth module
transmitted out serially on TXD pin)

10
 5. RXD: Receive data serially (received data will be transmitted wirelessly
by Bluetooth module).
6. State: It tells whether a module is connected or not.

Fig 3.5 Bluetooth Module HC-05

3.6. Servo Motor:

Servo motor is a type of motor that can rotate with great precision. Normally
this type of motor consists of a control circuit that provides feedback on the
current position of the motor shaft, this feedback allows the servo motors to
rotate with great precision. If you want to rotate an object at some specific
angles or distance, then you use a servo motor. It is just made up of a simple
motor which runs through a servo mechanism. If a motor is powered by a DC
power supply then it is called a DC servo motor. A servo motor usually
comes with a gear arrangement that allows us to get a very high torque servo
motor in small and lightweight packages. Due to these features, they are
being used in many applications like toy cars, RC helicopters and planes,
Robotics, etc.

11
 Fig 3.6 Servo Motor SG90

3.7. LED:

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when

current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with
electron holes, releasing energy in the form of photons. The color of the light
(corresponding to the energy of the photons) is determined by the energy
required for electrons to cross the band gap of the semiconductor. White light
is obtained by using multiple semiconductors or a layer of light-emitting
phosphor on the semiconductor device.
Appearing as practical electronic components in 1962, the earliest LEDs
emitted low-intensity infrared (IR) [Link] LEDs are used in remote-
control circuits, such as those used with a wide variety of consumer electronics.
The first visible-light LEDs were of low intensity and limited to red. Early
LEDs were often used as indicator lamps, replacing small incandescent bulbs,
and in seven-segment displays. Later developments produced LEDs available
in visible, ultraviolet (UV), and infrared wavelengths, with high, low, or
intermediate light output, for instance white LEDs suitable for room and
outdoor area lighting. LED, with respect to the Project is used to indicate
different rooms in an residential setting with each LED turning on depending
on the number of finger snaps.

12
 Fig 3.7 LED

13
 CHAPTER 4
METHODOLOGY

4.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 4.1 block diagram

4.2 WORKING

The Working Of Home Automation is divided into 3 Phases and they are
as Follows:
1. Authentication
2. Connectivity
3. Automation
These are the 3 Levels of Control for the Entire Project, with each level
consisting of a set of components that facilitates the respective operation.

1. Authentication:

Authentication Level of this Project consists of RFID MFRC522 Reader and a

HC-05 Bluetooth [Link], once he enters the Residence scans either
a PICC card or a RFID tag to authenticate his identity. Both the Card and th

14
Tag has 2 different UID, which is an Alphanumeric code that is used to Identify
the Card/Tag Scanned. Each can be configured to Authenticate for 2 different
[Link] of the Residential Cards/ Tag is saved in the Arduino C++ Program,
which can be tweaked using the [Link] the UID Of the Card matches the UID
registered in the loop() function, the Servo Motor Attached to the Arduino
Rotates, indicating the Door has Opened then rotates back to its original position
indicating the Door has Closed, assuming that the resident has entered. The
Connectivity Level of the Project is only available when the Authentication Phase
is Complete.

2. Connectivity:
The connectivity phase of the Project activates only if the resident scans a Valid
Card/Tag. This phase consists of the Bluetooth Module HC-05 and the Sound
Sensor Module KY-038. Once an Authorized card is read, HC-05 sends a
message to a Serial Communication Mobile App connected via a Bluetooth
connection. This enables people to monitor the entry of each personnel.

3. Automation:
The Automation Phase consists of 3 Different LED Lights, with each LED
indicating a particular room in a House. Depending on the number of finger
snaps, different LEDs will turn ON, rather than switching them ON Manual or
through Voice Control in the case of a Smart Home. This enables people to
take a more intuitive approach to automation, rather than a technical route. The
sound produced is picked up by a Sound Sensor KY-038, whose threshold
value ( Difference between DIGITAL 1 AND DIGITAL 0) can be adjusted
using the in-build potentiometer.

15
 4.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig 4.3 circuit diagram

4.4. PROGRAM:

#include <SPI.h>
#include <MFRC522.h>
#include <Servo.h>
#include<SoftwareSerial.h>

#define SS_PIN 10
#define RST_PIN 9
#define BUZZER 8 //buzzer pin
MFRC522 mfrc522(SS_PIN, RST_PIN); // Create MFRC522 instance.
Servo myServo; //define servo name

16
 SoftwareSerial bt(2,3);
const int LEDPIN1 = 4;
const int LEDPIN2 = 5;
const int LEDPIN3 = 7;
int led_status = 0;
const int sound_sense = 1;
unsigned long Snap_Timestamp;
int clap_count = 0;

void setup()
{
[Link](9600);
[Link](9600); // Initiate a serial communication
[Link](); // Initiate SPI bus
mfrc522.PCD_Init(); // Initiate MFRC522
[Link](6); //servo pin
[Link](0); //servo start position
pinMode(sound_sense, INPUT);
pinMode(LEDPIN1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LEDPIN2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LEDPIN3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(BUZZER, OUTPUT);
attachInterrupt(7,detect_sound,RISING);
noTone(BUZZER);
[Link]("Authenticaton In Progress");
[Link]();
}
void detect_sound(){
int sound_pin = digitalRead(sound_sense);
if (sound_pin == 1 && millis() - Snap_Timestamp > 100) {
clap_count++;
Snap_Timestamp = millis();
}
if (clap_count == 1) {
led_status = 1;
} else if (clap_count == 2) {
led_status = 2;

17
 } else if (clap_count == 3) {
led_status = 3;
} else if (clap_count == 4) {
led_status = 4;
clap_count=0;
}
if (led_status == 1) {
digitalWrite(LEDPIN1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LEDPIN2, LOW);
digitalWrite(LEDPIN3, LOW);
} else if (led_status == 2) {
digitalWrite(LEDPIN1, LOW);
digitalWrite(LEDPIN2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LEDPIN3, LOW);
} else if (led_status == 3) {
digitalWrite(LEDPIN1, LOW);
digitalWrite(LEDPIN2, LOW);
digitalWrite(LEDPIN3, HIGH);
}else if (led_status == 4) {
digitalWrite(LEDPIN1, LOW);
digitalWrite(LEDPIN2, LOW);
digitalWrite(LEDPIN3, LOW);
}
}
void loop()
{
detect_sound();
// Look for new cards
if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent())
{
return;
}
// Select one of the cards
if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial())
{
return;
}

18
 //Show UID on serial monitor
[Link]("UID tag : ");
String content= "";
byte letter;
for (byte i = 0; i < [Link]; i++)
{
[Link]([Link][i] < 0x10 ? " 0" : " ");
[Link]([Link][i], HEX);
[Link](String([Link][i] < 0x10 ? " 0" : " "));
[Link](String([Link][i], HEX));
}
[Link]();
[Link]();
if ([Link](1) == "C3 31 46 15")
[Link]("Authorize");
[Link]("Access Granted");
[Link]("Akash, Welcome Home");
delay(200);
[Link]("AKASH HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED ACCESS");
delay(500);
tone(BUZZER, 500);
delay(300);
noTone(BUZZER);
[Link](180);
delay(1000);
[Link](0);*/

}
if ([Link](1) == "43 5A DF 12")
{
[Link]();
[Link]("Authorize");
[Link]("Access Granted");
[Link]("Jishnu, Welcome Home");
delay(200);
[Link]("JISHNU HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED ACCESS");
delay(500)

19
tone(BUZZER, 500);
delay(300);
noTone(BUZZER);
[Link](180);
delay(1000);
[Link](0);
delay(1000);*/
}
else {
[Link](" Access Denied");
[Link]();
[Link]("Intruder Alert");
tone(BUZZER, 300);
delay(500);
noTone(BUZZER);
tone(BUZZER, 300);
delay(500);
noTone(BUZZER);
}
}

20
 PLATFORMS USED

4.5 Official Arduino Documentation for

Fig 4.5 Arduino Documentation

4.6 Official Arduino Integrated Development Environment ( IDE

):

Fig 4.6 Arduino ID

21
 4.6 Serial Communication For Bluetooth Mobile App:

Fig 4,6 Serial communication applicatio

22
 CHAPTER 5

RESULTS

5.1 Circuit Connection

Fig 5.1 Circuit Connection

23
 5.2 Authentication Phase

Fig 5.2 Authentication phase

In the Authentication Phase, when the Resident places a valid PIC card/ RFID
tag over the Reader, the program finds a match thereby ringing the Buzzer once
and rotating the Servo Motor 180 degrees back and forth, simulating the
opening of a door. A greeting message appears at the Serial Monitor connected
directly to the Arduino and the Terminal of the Serial Communication Mobile
Application using the Bluetooth Communication through the HC-05 Serial
Bluetooth Module.
If the Card/ Tag placed over the reader doesn’t match with the UID Code in
the Program, the Serial Monitor and the Mobile Application will alert the
Owner about possible intruders.

24
Serial Monitor:
5.3 RFID Reader Scans the PICC:

Fig 5.3 RFID PICC scan

5.4 RFID Reader Scans the RFID Tag:

Fig 5.4 RFID Tag scan

5.5 RFID Reader Scans an Invalid Card/Tag:

Fig 5.5 Invalid scan

25
 5.6 Automation Phase

Fig 5.6 Initial light state

After Authenticating, when the person enters the Residence all the lights are
turned off due to the absence of sound(Snap) sensed by the KY-038

Fig 5.7 Lights after Snap 1

When the Person snaps his fingers and doesn’t snap again within the next 200ms
timeframe provided that the Sound measured crosses the KY-038 threshold, the
1st LED turns ON indicating that the light is ON in the 1st Room.

Fig 5.8 Lights after snap

26
 In the next Finger snap, the first LED turns OFF and the next one turns on. This
indicates that the Light has turned OFF in the 1st room and is now ON in the
2nd room.

Fig 5.9 Lights after snap 3

After one more finger snap, the 3rd light turns ON and the 2nd light turns OFF,
indicating that the light is turned ON in the last room. Snapping the fingers one
more time cycles back to the Initial state of all the LEDs (Rooms) being OFF.

The Circuit can be Brought back to the Authentication Phase

of operation by simply pressing the RESET Button on the
Arduino UNO R3.

27
 CHAPTER 6
COST
ANALYSIS
Cost incurred to implement the project is specified in the table below

Table 6.1: Cost Analysis

Sl. No. Component Cost Quantity

1 Arduino UNO R3 ₹ 999/- x1

2 Sound Sensor KY-038 ₹ 99 x1

3 RFID Reader, PICC and Tag ₹ 199 x1

4 Servo Motor ₹ 99 x1

5 Bluetooth Module HC-05 ₹ 149 x1

6 LED ₹ 30 x3

7 PerfBoard ₹ 140 x2

Total ₹ 1720

Total Cost to implement the project is One Thousand Seven Hundred And
Twenty Rupees

28
 CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSION

Conclusions drawn from the implementation of this project are as follows:

An Home Automation project with an RFID Authentication system to
authenticate user, a bluetooth system to identify the person authorised and an
Intuitive lighting system for a Residential house was implemented using an
Arduino UNO

29
 REFERENCES

(1.) Arduino UNO Documentation:

http//[Link]/hardware/uno-rev3

(2) Interfacing MFRC522 RFID reader with Arduino UNO:

[Link]
sensor-mfrc522-tutorial

(3) Sound Sensor KY-038 Integration with LEDs:

[Link]
u5lRPqnvWelR7CTYu4MsZXJ7-
cI6g&index=3&t=313s&ab_channel=Mario%27sIdeas

(4) Interfacing HC-05 Bluetooth Module with Arduino UNO:

[Link]
interfacing-with-arduino-uno

(5) Operation Of Pulse Width Modulation in PWM Pins:

[Link]

30
 APPENDIX A

Arduino UNO R3 Datasheet

Fig A.1 Arduino UNO R3 Pinout

31
 MFRC522 RFID Reader Datasheet

Fig A.2 MFRC522 RFID Reader pinout

APPENDIX B

Bluetooth HC-05 Module

Fig B.1Bluetooth HC-05

Sound Sensor KY-038 Module

32
 Fig B.2 Sound Sensor KY-038 Module

LED Dimension Layout

Fig B.3 LED Dimension Layout

33