Department of Mathematics
UNIT-II
VECTOR DIFFERENTIATION
TUTORIAL SHEET-1
𝑑𝑓 ⃗
1. If 𝑓⃗ is a vector function with constant magnitude then 𝑓⃗ ⋅ 𝑑𝑡 = _______
Ans: 0
2. The displacement of a particle moving along a path is given by 𝑥 = (1 − 𝑡 3 ), 𝑦 =
(1 + 𝑡 2 ) , 𝑧 = (2𝑡 − 5) the magnitude of velocity vector at 𝑡 = 1 second is _____
Ans: √𝟏𝟕
3. For the curves whose equations are given below, find the unit tangent vectors:
a) 𝑥 = 𝑡 2 + 1, 𝑦 = 4𝑡 − 3, 𝑧 = 2(𝑡 2 − 3𝑡) at 𝑡 = 0
→ 𝜋
b) 𝑟 = (𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑡) 𝑖̂ + (𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 𝑡) 𝑗̂ + (4𝑎𝑡) 𝑘̂ at 𝑡 = 4
̂)
(𝟐𝒋̂−𝟑𝒌 𝟏
Ans: (i) 𝒕̂ = ̂]
(ii) 𝒕̂ = 𝟓√𝟐 [−𝟑𝒊̂ − 𝟑𝒋̂ + 𝟒√𝟐𝒌
√𝟏𝟑
→
4. A particle moves along the curve 𝑟 = 2𝑡 2 𝑖̂ + (𝑡 2 − 4𝑡) 𝑗̂ + (3𝑡 − 5) 𝑘̂ . Find the
component of velocity and acceleration in the direction of vector𝑐 = 𝑖 − 3𝑗 + 2𝑘 at 𝑡 = 1.
𝟏𝟔 −𝟐
Ans: &
√𝟏𝟒 √𝟏𝟒
5. A person on a hang glider is spiralling upward due to rapidly rising air on a path having
position vector 𝑟(𝑡) = 3 cos(𝑡) 𝑖̂ + 3 sin (𝑡) 𝑗̂ + 𝑡 2 𝑘̂. Find (a) the velocity and
acceleration vectors (b) the glider’s speed at any time t.
̂;
Ans: 𝒗 = 𝟑𝐬𝐢𝐧 (𝒕) 𝒊̂ + 𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒕) 𝒋̂ + 𝟐𝒕𝒌
̂;
𝒂 = −𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕 𝒊̂ + −𝟑 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒋̂ + 𝟐𝒌
|𝒗| = √𝟗 + 𝟒𝒕𝟐
Number Theory, Vector Calculus and Computational Methods 1
Vector Differentiation
TUTORIAL SHEET-2
1. If 𝜙(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 3 − 𝑥 3 𝑦 2 𝑧, then |∇𝜙| at ( 1, −1, 1) is ____________.
Ans:𝟐√𝟐
2. The maximum directional derivative of 𝜙(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑧 3 at (−1,2,1) is
____.
Ans: √𝟕𝟖
𝜋
3. If 𝜙(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥 2 + sin 𝑦 + 𝑧 then |∇𝜙| at (0, 2 , 1) is ____________.
̂
Ans: 𝒌
4. Find the unit normal vector to the surface 𝜙(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑧 + 𝑥𝑧 2 − 5 at the
point
(1, −1, 2).
𝟏
Ans: ̂)
(𝟐𝒊̂ − 𝟑𝒋̂ + 𝟓𝒌
√𝟑𝟖
5. Find the constants 𝑎 and 𝑏 so that the surface 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 − 3𝑧 2 + 8 = 0 is
orthogonal to the surface 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑏𝑧 at the point (−1, 2, 1).
𝟒 𝟒𝟎
Ans: 𝒂 = 𝟗 , 𝒃 = 𝟗
6. Find the directional derivative of 𝜙(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥𝑦𝑧 − 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 3 at (1, 2, −1) in the
direction of 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂.
𝟐𝟗
Ans:
√𝟏𝟏
2 MA221TC Second Semester
Department of Mathematics
TUTORIAL SHEET-3
1. If 𝑓⃗ = 3𝑥 2 𝑖̂ + 5𝑥𝑦 2 𝑗̂ + 𝑥𝑦𝑧 3 𝑘̂ then find 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝑓⃗ at (1, 2, 3) is _____.
Ans: 80
2. If 𝑓⃗ = (𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 𝑥 2 )𝑖̂ + (𝑧 2 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )𝑗̂ + (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑧 2 )𝑘̂ then find 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝑓⃗and
𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑓⃗
Ans: 𝒅𝒊𝒗 ⃗⃗
𝒇 = −𝟐(𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛) 𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒍 ⃗⃗ 𝒇 = 𝟐[(𝒚 − 𝒛)𝒊̂ + (𝒛 − 𝒙)𝒋̂ + (𝒙 − 𝒚)𝒌 ̂]
3. Show that the vector field 𝑓⃗ = (𝑥 + 3𝑦)𝑖̂ + (𝑦 − 3𝑧)𝑗̂ + (𝑥 − 2𝑧)𝑘̂ is solenoidal.
4. Determine the constant 𝑎 such that the vector field 𝑓⃗ = 3𝑥𝑖̂ + (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑗̂ − 𝑎𝑧𝑘̂ is
solenoidal.
Ans: 𝟒
5. If 𝑓⃗ = 𝑥 2 𝑖̂ + 𝑦 2 𝑗̂ + 𝑧 2 𝑘̂ and 𝑔⃗ = 𝑦𝑧𝑖̂ + 𝑥𝑧𝑗̂ + 𝑥𝑦𝑘̂ then show that 𝑓⃗ × 𝑔⃗ is
solenoidal.
6. If 𝑓⃗ = (2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑎𝑧)𝑖̂ + (𝑏𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧)𝑗̂ + (2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑦 + 3𝑧)𝑘̂ is irrotational vector
field, then find the constants 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐.
Ans: 𝒂 = 𝟐, 𝒃 = 𝟑, 𝒄 = 𝟑
7. If 𝜙 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 2 , then show that ∇𝜙 is irrotational.
8. If 𝜙 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 then show that 𝜙 satisfies the Laplacian equation.
9. If 𝜙 = 2𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 3 then find ∇2 𝜙 at (1, 1, 1).
Ans: 1
10. If 𝑟⃗ = 𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑧𝑘̂ and 𝑟 = |𝑟⃗| then show that 𝑟 𝑛 𝑟⃗ is irrotational for all values
of 𝑛 and solenoidal for 𝑛 = −3.
11. Show that 𝑓⃗ = (6𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 3 )𝑖̂ + (3𝑥 2 − 𝑧)𝑗̂ + (3𝑥𝑧 2 − 𝑦)𝑘̂ is irrotational. Find the
function 𝜙 such that 𝑓⃗ = ∇𝜙.
Ans: 𝝓 = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝒚 + 𝒙𝒛𝟑 − 𝒚𝒛.
Number Theory, Vector Calculus and Computational Methods 3