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Digestion Study Notes (1)

The document outlines the process of digestion from the mouth to the small intestine, detailing the mechanical and chemical processes involved at each stage. It describes the roles of various enzymes such as salivary amylase, pepsin, and pancreatic enzymes in breaking down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Additionally, it highlights the importance of substances like hydrochloric acid, bile, and bicarbonate in facilitating digestion and nutrient absorption.

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JERIEL LING HENG XU Moe
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2 views1 page

Digestion Study Notes (1)

The document outlines the process of digestion from the mouth to the small intestine, detailing the mechanical and chemical processes involved at each stage. It describes the roles of various enzymes such as salivary amylase, pepsin, and pancreatic enzymes in breaking down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Additionally, it highlights the importance of substances like hydrochloric acid, bile, and bicarbonate in facilitating digestion and nutrient absorption.

Uploaded by

JERIEL LING HENG XU Moe
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Digestion from Mouth to Small Intestine

Mouth
Mechanical digestion begins with chewing. Saliva lubricates food and forms a bolus. Salivary
amylase begins carbohydrate digestion while lingual lipase starts lipid digestion.
Enzyme Source Function Process/ActivationEquation

Salivary amylase Salivary glands Starts starch digestion


Acts in neutral pHStarch
on starch
--(Salivary amylase)→ Maltose +
Lingual lipase Tongue glands Begins fat digestion
More active after reaching
Triglycerides
stomach
--(Lingual lipase)→ Diglyc

Stomach
Food is churned into chyme. Hydrochloric acid denatures proteins and converts pepsinogen into
active pepsin. Mucus protects the stomach lining.
Enzyme Source Function Process/ActivationEquation

Pepsin Chief cells (as pepsinogen)


Digests proteins Pepsinogen --(HCl)→
Proteins
Pepsin;
--(Pepsin)→
pepsin also
Polypeptides
activates more
Gastric lipase Chief cells Digests some fatsWorks in acidic stomach
Triglycerides --(Gastric lipase)→ Diglyc

Small Intestine
Bicarbonate neutralizes stomach acid. Bile emulsifies fats. Pancreatic enzymes and brush-border
enzymes complete digestion before nutrients are absorbed.
Enzyme Source Function Process/ActivationEquation

Trypsin Pancreas (trypsinogen)


Protein digestion Trypsinogen --(Enteropeptidase)→
Polypeptides --(Trypsin)→
Trypsin; trypsin
Smalleractiva
pept
Chymotrypsin Pancreas Protein digestion ChymotrypsinogenProteins/Peptides
activated by trypsin
--(Chymotrypsin)→ S
Pancreatic amylase
Pancreas Starch digestion Acts in alkaline pHStarch --(Pancreatic amylase)→ Maltos
Lipase Pancreas Fat digestion Bile emulsifies fat Triglycerides
before lipase --(Pancreatic
acts lipase)→ Mo
Maltase Brush border Maltose digestion Membrane enzyme
Maltose --(Maltase)→ Glucose
Sucrase Brush border Sucrose digestion Sucrose --(Sucrase)→ Glucose + Fruct
Lactase Brush border Lactose digestion Lactose --(Lactase)→ Glucose + Galac
Peptidases Brush border Complete protein digestion Peptides --(Peptidases)→ Amino acids

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