Samej Tutorials COMPLEX NUMBER

For the preparation of

BOARD EXAM
1) Simplify:

i) √ √ √ √

Sol.: √ √ √ √

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

√ √ √ √

ii) √ √ √

Sol.: √ √ √

√ √ √ √ √ √

 √ √ √

2. Write the conjugates of the following complex number.

i. ii. – iii. √ √ iv. √
v. vi. √ vii. √ √ viii.
Sol.:
i. The conjugate of complex number is ̅ –
ii. The conjugate of complex number is ̅
iii. The conjugate of complex number √ √ is ̅ √ √
iv. The conjugate of complex number √ is ̅ √
 v The conjugate of complex number is ̅
[Link] conjugate of complex number √ is ̅ √
[Link] conjugate of complex number √ √ is ̅ √ √
[Link] conjugate of complex number is ̅

3) Find a and b if

i)

Sol.: Here ( )

Comparing both sides

We have,

---(i)

Put in equation (i)

ii) ( ) ( )

Sol.: Here ( ) ( )

Comparing both sides,

We have

Also,




iii) ( )( ) ( )

Sol.: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

Comparing both sides,

We have

( )

 --- (i)

Also,

 --- (ii)

Solving Equation (i) and (ii)

Put in equation (ii)

iv)
Sol.: Here ( )

Comparing both sides

---(i)

And ---(ii)

From equation (i)

Or

Put in equation (ii)

( )



 ( )



v)

Sol.:





( )( )

( )

()


Comparing both sides

vi) ( )( )

Sol.:



( )( )
()

( )

( )

 ( ) ( )

Comparing both sides

4) Express the following in the form of √ state the values of and b

i) ( )( )
Sol.: Let , z = ( )( )
=
= ( ) …
=
=
∴ This is of the form where and .
ii) ( )( )
Sol.: Let, z = ( )( )

=
( ) ( )
= ( ) ( )

= ( ) ()

= …
( )

= i
=
∴ This is of the form where and .

( )
iii)
( )
Sol.: Let, z =

=
( )
= …
( )
= ( )
( )( )
= ( )( )

=
( )
= …
( )

∴ This is of the form where and .

iv) ( )( )

Sol.: Let, z = ( )( )
( )
=
( )
= …
( )
 =

=
( ) ( )
= ( ) ( )

= ()
( )
( )
= …
( )

∴ This is of the form where and .

v). ( )

Sol.: Let, z = ( )

=
( )
= …
( )

=
=
∴ This is of the form where and .

vi)

Sol.: Let, z =
( )( ) ( )( )
= ( )( )

=
( )
= …
( )

=
 =

∴ This is of the form where and .

vii). ( )–

Sol.: Let, z = ( )–

= ( )

= ( ) (
…
)

= ( )

= ( )( )
( )
=
( )
= …
( )

= ( )

∴ This is of the form where .

√
viii)
√

Let,

√
√

√ √
√ √

√
√

√ √
√ √
 ( √ )( √ )
( √ )(√ √ )

√ √
(√ )

√ √ ( )
( )

√
Comparing both sides

ix) ( √ √ ) ( √ ) ( )( – )

Sol.: Let, z = ( √ √ ) ( √ ) ( )( – )

= ( √ √ √ ) ( √ √ )

= √ ( ) …
= ( √ )

x) ( )( – )
Sol.: Let, z = ( )( – )
= –
= – ( ) …
=
=
=
∴ This is of the form where and .

xi)

Sol.: Here, ( ) ( )

( )
 ( ) ()
Let ( ) ( )

()
( )( )

( )
( )

( )

Comparing both sides

5. Show that ( √ ) is a real number.

Sol.: Let, z = ( √ )
= ( ) ( ) (√ ) ( )(√ ) (√ )
= √ ( )( ) √ ( ) …
= √ √
= 8
∴ ( √ ) is a real number.

6. Find the value of ( )( )( )

Sol.: Let, z = ( )( )( )

Consider,

( ) ( )
 ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
∴ = ( ) ( ) ( )
= ( )( )( )
= ( )( )
= ( ) ( ) …
= ( )( )
= ( )
=
= ( ) …
=
=

∴ ( )( )( )

7. Evaluate the following:

i. ii. iii. iv. v.
–
vi. vii. viii.
Sol.:
i. =
= ( )
= ( )
=
= –
ii. = ( )
= ( )
= 1
iii. =
= ( )
= ( )
=
=
iv. = ( )
= ( )
 = 1
v. =
= ( )
= ( ) ( )
= ( )
=

vi. =

=
( )

=
–
vii. = ( )–
= ( )–

= ( )

= 1

viii.
Sol.: Let, z =
=
= ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
= ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) …
= …
= –
= 0
∴

8. Show that is real number.

Sol.: Let, z =
= ( ) ( ) ( )
= …
= – – …
 =
∴ is a real number.

9. Find the value of

i) ii)
Sol.:
i) Let, z =
=
= ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
= ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) …
=
= – …
=
∴

ii)
Sol.: Let, z =
=
= ( ) …
=
= 0
∴

10. Simplify

Sol.: Let, z =
( )
=

=
= ( )
= ( )
=

∴
11. Find the value of
Sol.: Let, z =
=
= ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) . ( ) ( ) ( )
= ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
…
= – – – –
= –
=
∴

12. Show that .

Sol.: LHS =
= ( ) ( ) ( )
= ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) …
=
= 0
= RHS
∴

13. Is ( ) a real number? Justify your answer.

Sol.: Let, z =
=
= ( ) ( ) ( )
= ( ) (– ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (– ) …
= – – –
= –
∴ is real number.

14. Evaluate: ( )

Sol.: Let, z = ( )

=
 = ( ) ( )

= ( ) …
( )

= ( ) ( )

= ( )

=
=

15. Prove that ( ) ( )

Sol.: LHS = ( ) ( )

= *( )( )+

( )
= *( ) +

( )
= * +
( )
=
( )
= …

=
= ( ) …
= 16
= RHS

∴ ( ) ( )

16) Find the value of

Sol.: Let

We know that,
∴
 ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

√ √
17) If then show that

Sol.: Here,
√ √

L.H.S.
√
( )
( ) √

√ ( )

√ ( √ )

= R.H.S.
Again,
L.H.S.
√
( )
√

( √ )

√
 

18) If ( ) show that ( )

Sol.: Here, ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ---- ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
Comparing both sides

( ), ( )
----- I, ---- II

Adding I and II

 ( )

19) If show that ( )

Sol.: Here,

 ( )( )
 ( ) ()
 ( )
 ( ) ( )
Comparing both sides

 ---- II
Also


Put in equation I
 Now consider the
L.H.S.
( ) ( )

= R.H.S.


20) If √ , prove that ( )

Sol.: Here √ ----- (1)

Conjugate pair

( ) √ ---- (2)

Multiplying equation 1 and 2

( )( ) (√ ) (√ )

( )( )
( ) √( )( )

( )
 — √ ( )

( )
 √ ( )

 √

Squaring both side

( )

21) If ( ) then prove that ( )

Sol.: Here,
( ) ----- (i)

Conjugate pair
( ) -----(ii)
 Multiplying equation 1 and 2
( )( )

( )
—


√ √ √ √
22. Show that ( ) ( ) is real number.
√ √ √ √

√ √ √ √
Sol.: Let, z = ( ) ( )
√ √ √ √

(√ √ ) (√ √ )
= (√ √ )(√ √ )

(√ ) √ √ (√ ) (√ ) √ √ (√ )
= (√ ) (√ )
( )( ) ( )( )
= ( )( )
…

=
√ √ √ √
∴ ( ) ( ) is a real number.
√ √ √ √

23) If ( ) the show that ( )

Sol.: Here, ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ---- ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
Comparing both sides

( ), ( )
----- I, ---- II

Adding I and II
 ( )

24. Find the value of and which satisfy the following equations ( )
i) ( ) ( )
Sol.: Given equation is,
( ) ( )
∴ ( ) ( )
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get,
... (1)
… (2)
Multiply equation (1) by 2,
… (3)
Subtracting (3) from (2), we get,

∴
Substituting in equation (1), we get
( )
∴
∴
Hence, and

ii)

Sol.: Given equation is,

( )( ) ( )( )
∴ )
( )(

∴ …
( )
( ) ( )
∴

∴ ( ) ( )
∴ ( ) ( )
∴ ( ) ( )
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get
∴ … (1)
… (2)
Adding equation (1) and (2), we get

∴
Substituting in equation (1), we get,

∴
Hence, and

iii) ( )

Sol.: Given, ( )
( )( ) ( )( )
∴ ( )
( )( )

∴
( ) ( )
∴ …
( )

∴ ( ) ( )
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get
and
∴ ... (1)
... (2)
Multiply equation (1) by 2 and (2) by 3,

Adding both equations we get,

∴
Substituting in equation (1), we get,
( )
∴
∴
∴
Hence, and .

iv) If ( ) ( ) , find .
Sol.: Given, ( ) ( )
∴ …
∴ ( ) ( )
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get
... (1)
... (2)
Multiply equation (2) by 2,
… (3)
Adding equation (1) and (3), we get,

∴
∴
Substituting in equation (1), we get,
–
∴
∴
Hence, and
∴

v) If ( ), find
Sol.: Given, ( )
( ) ( )
∴ ( ) – ( ) …
∴
∴ ( ) ( )
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get
… (1)
… (2)
∴
Substituting in equation (1), we get,
∴ ( )
∴
∴
∴
Hence, and
∴ .

1) Find the square root of the following

Complex numbers
i) ii) iii) √
iv) √ v) ( √ )
Sol.:
i)
Let √ , where .
Squaring on both sides, we get,
= ( )
=
= …
∴
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get,
∴ … (1)
and
∴

Substituting in (1), we get,

∴ ( )

∴
∴
 Put
∴
∴
∴ ( ) ( )
∴ ( )( )
∴ ( ) or ( )
∴ or
∴ or
But
∴
∴
∴

When

When

∴ √ ( )
∴ The square roots of are ( ) and ( ).
ii)
Let √ , where .
Squaring on both sides, we get,
= ( )
=
= …
∴
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get,
∴ … (1)
and
∴

Substituting in (1), we get,

∴ ( )

∴
∴
Put
∴
∴
∴ ( ) ( )
∴ ( )( )
∴ ( ) or ( )
∴ or
∴ or
But
∴
∴
∴

When

When

∴ √ ( )
∴ The square roots of are ( ) and ( ).
iii) √

Sol.: Let √ √ , where .

Squaring on both sides, we get,
√ = ( )
=
= …
∴ √
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get,
∴ … (1)
and √
∴ √
√
∴
√
Substituting in (1), we get,

√
∴ ( )
∴

∴
∴
Put
∴
∴
∴ ( ) ( )
∴ ( )( )
∴ ( ) or ( )
∴ or
∴ or
But
∴
∴
∴
√ √
When √
√ √
When √

∴ √ √ ( √ )
∴ The square roots of √ are ( √ ) and ( √ ).
iv) √

Sol.: Let √ √ , where .

Squaring on both sides, we get,
√ = ( )
=
= …
∴ √
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get,
∴ … (1)
and √
∴ √
√
∴
 √
Substituting in (1), we get,

√
∴ ( )

∴
∴
Put
∴
∴
∴ ( ) ( )
∴ ( )( )
∴ ( ) or ( )
∴ or
∴ or
But
∴
∴
∴ √
√ √ √ √
When √ √
√ √

√ √ √ √
When √ √
√ √

∴ √ √ (√ √ )
∴ The square roots of √ are (√ √ ) and ( √ √ ).
v) ( √ )
Sol.: Given, ( √ ) √

Let √ √ , where .
Squaring on both sides, we get,
√ = ( )
=
= …
∴ √
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get,
∴ … (1)
and √
∴ √
√
∴
√
Substituting in (1), we get,

√
∴ ( )

∴
∴
Put
∴
∴
∴ ( ) ( )
∴ ( )( )
∴ ( ) or ( )
∴ or
∴ or
But
∴
∴
∴ √
√ √
When √ √

√ √
When √ √

∴ √ √ (√ )

∴ The square roots of √ are (√ ) and ( √ ).

2) Solve the following quadratic equations.

i)
Sol.: Given equation is,

Comparing with , we get,

 , and
∴ = ( )( )
=
=
∴ The given equation has complex roots.
√
∴ =
√
= ( )

√
=
√
=
√
=
( √ )
=
√
=
√ √
∴ The roots of the given equation are and .

ii) √
Sol.: Given equation is,
√
Comparing with , we get,
, √ and
∴ = ( √ ) ( )( )
=
=
∴ The given equation has complex roots.
√
∴ =
( √ ) √
= ( )

√ √
=
√ √ √ √
∴ The roots of the given equation are and .

iii)
Sol.: Given equation is,
 Comparing with , we get,
, and
∴ = ( ) ( )( )
=
=
∴ The given equation has complex roots.
√
∴ =
( ) √
= ( )

√
=
√ √
∴ The roots of the given equation are and .

iv)
Sol.: Given equation is,

Comparing with , we get,

and
∴ = ( ) ( )( )
=
=
∴ The given equation has complex roots.
√
∴ =
( ) √
= ( )

√
=

=
( )
=

=
∴ The roots of the given equation are and .
3) Solve the following quadratic equations.
i)
Sol.: Given equation is,
 Comparing with , we get,
, and
∴ = ( ) ( )( )
= ( ) …
=
=
∴ The given equation has complex roots.
√
∴ =
√
= ( )

√
=

∴ or

∴ or

∴ or
∴ The roots of the given equation are and .

ii)
Sol.: Given equation is,

Comparing with , we get,

, and
∴ = ( ) ( )( )
= ( ) …
=
=
∴ The given equation has complex roots.
√
∴ =
√
= ( )

√
=

=
∴ or

∴ or

∴ or

∴ The roots of the given equation are and .

iii)
iv)
Sol.: Given equation is,

Multiplying throughout by , we get,

∴
∴ …
∴
∴ ( )
∴ ( )
∴
∴ The root of the given equation is .

4) Solve the following quadratic equations.

i) ( ) ( )
Sol.: Given equation is,
( ) ( )
Comparing with , we get,
, ( ) and ( )
∴ = ( ) ( )
=
= …
=
∴ The given equation has complex roots.
√
∴ =
( ) √
= ( )
 ( ) √
= … (1)

Let √ , where
Squaring on both sides, we get,
=
∴ = …
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get,
… (2)
and

Substituting in (2), we get,

∴ ( )

∴
∴
Put
∴
∴
∴ ( ) ( )
∴ ( )( )
∴ or
∴ or
∴ or
But
∴
∴
∴

When

When

∴ √ ( )
∴ Equation (1) becomes,
( ) ( )
∴ or

∴ or

∴ or
∴ The roots of the given equation are and .

ii) ( √ ) √
Sol.: Given equation is,
( √ ) √
Comparing with , we get,
, ( √ ) and √
∴ = ( √ ) ( )( √ )

= √ √
= √ √ …
= √
∴ The given equation has complex roots.
√
∴ =

( √ ) √ √
= ( )

( √ ) √ √
= … (1)

Let √ √ , where
Squaring on both sides, we get,
√ =
∴ √ = …
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get,
… (2)
and √
√
∴
√
Substituting in (2), we get,

√
∴ ( )

∴
∴
∴
Put
∴
∴
∴ ( ) ( )
∴ ( )( )
∴ or
∴ or
∴ or
But
∴
∴
∴ √
√
When √ √

√
When √ √

∴ √ √ ( √ )
∴ Equation (1) becomes,
( √ ) ( √ )

√ √ √ √
∴ or
√
∴ or

∴ √ or
∴ The roots of the given equation are √ and .

iii) ( ) ( )
Sol.: Given equation is,
( ) ( )
Comparing with , we get,
, ( ) and
∴ = ( ) ( )( )
=
 = …
=
∴ The given equation has complex roots.
√
∴ =
( ) √
= ( )

( ) √
= … (1)

Let √ , where
Squaring on both sides, we get,
=
∴ = …
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get,
… (2)
and

Substituting in (2), we get,

∴ ( )

∴
∴
Put
∴
∴
∴ ( ) ( )
∴ ( )( )
∴ or
∴ or
∴ or
But
∴
∴
∴
 When

When

∴ √ ( )
∴ Equation (1) becomes,
( ) ( )

∴ or

∴ or

∴ or
∴ The roots of the given equation are and .

iv) ( ) ( ) ( )
Sol.: Given equation is,
( ) ( ) ( )
Comparing with , we get,
( ), ( ) and ( )
∴ = ( ) ( )( )
=
= ( ) …
=
=
∴ The given equation has complex roots.
√
∴ =
( ) √
= ( )

( ) √
= … (1)
( )

Let √ , where
Squaring on both sides, we get,
=
∴ = …
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get,
… (2)
and
∴

Substituting in (2), we get,

∴ ( )

∴
∴
Put
∴
∴ ( )( )
∴ or
∴ or
∴ or
But
∴
∴
∴

When

When

∴ √ ( )
∴ Equation (1) becomes,
( ) ( )
( )

∴ or
( ) ( )

∴ or
( ) ( )

∴ or
( ) ( )

∴ or

∴ or

∴ or …
( ) ( )

∴ or
∴ or

∴ The roots of the given equation are and .

5) Find the value of

iii) , if
Sol.: Given,
∴
Squaring on both sides, we get,
∴ ( )
∴ ( )
∴
∴
∴ … (1)
Now, divide by , we get,

By division algorithm, we have

Dividend = Divisor Quotient Remainder
∴ = ( )( )
= ( ) … [By (1)]
=
=

iv) , if .

Sol.: Given,
( )
∴ ( ) ( )
( )
∴
( ) ( )
 ( )
∴ ( )
( )
∴

∴
∴
Squaring on both sides, we get,
∴ ( )
∴ ( )
∴
∴
∴ … (1)
Now, divide by , we get,

By division algorithm, we have

Dividend = Divisor Quotient Remainder
∴ = ( )( )
= ( ) … [By (1)]
=
=

v) if

Sol.: Given,
( )
∴ ( ) ( )
( )
∴ ( ) ( )
( )
∴
 ( )
∴ ( )
( )
∴

∴
∴
Squaring on both sides, we get,
∴ ( )
∴ ( )
∴
∴ … (1)
Now, divide by , we get,

By division algorithm, we have

Dividend = Divisor Quotient Remainder
∴ = ( )( )
= ( ) … [By (1)]
=
=

vi) if √
Sol.: Given, √
∴ √
∴ √ √
∴ … √
∴
Squaring on both sides, we get,
∴ ( )
∴ (– ) …
∴
∴ ... (1)
Now, divide – by , we get,

By division algorithm, we have

Dividend = Divisor Quotient Remainder
∴ = ( )( – )
= ( ) ... [By (1)]
= ( )– …
=
=

vii) if √
Sol.: Given, √
∴ √
Squaring on both sides, we get,
∴ ( )
∴ ( )
∴
∴
∴ (1)
Now, divide – by , we get,
 By division algorithm, we have
Dividend = Divisor Quotient Remainder
∴ = ( )( )
= ( ) … [By (1)]
=
=

1) Find the modulus and amplitude for each of the following complex numbers.
i) ii) √ √ iii) iv) ( )
v) vi) √
vii) viii) iv) √ x) ( ) ( )
Sol.: i) –
Let, z = –
Comparing with , we get,
,
∴ | |= √

= √ ( )
= √
= √

and Amp(z) = ( )
–
= ( )
ii) √ √
Sol.: Let, z = √ √
Comparing with , we get,
√ , √
∴ | |= √

= √(√ ) (√ )

= √
= √

and Amp(z) = ( )
√
= ( )
√

= (√ )

iii) –
Sol.: Let, z = –
Comparing with , we get,
,
∴ | |= √

= √( )
= √
= √
=

and amp ( ) = ( )

= ( )

= ( )

iv) ( – )
Sol.: Let, z = ( – )
=
Comparing with , we get,
,
∴ | |= √
 = √( )
= √
= √
= √

and Amp(z) = ( )

= ( )

= ( )

= ( )

= * ( )+ … ( )

= * +

v) – –
Sol.: Let, z = – –
Comparing with , we get,
,
∴ | |= √

= √( ) ( )
= √
= √
= √

and amp(z) = ( )

= ( )

= ( )
=

vi) √
Sol.: Let, z = √
Comparing with , we get,
√ ,
∴ | |= √
 = √(√ ) ( )

= √
= √
=

and amp(z) = ( )

= ( )
√

= ( )

= * ( )+ … ( )

= ( )

vii) 3
Sol.: Let, z =
=
Comparing with , we get,
,
∴ |z| = √
= √
= √
=

and Amp.(z) = ( )

= ( )

= ( )
=
viii)
Sol.: Let, z =
Comparing with , we get,
,
∴ | |= √
= √
= √
 = √

and amp(z) = ( )

= ( )
=

ix) √
Sol.: Let, z = √
Comparing with , we get,
, √
∴ | |= √

= √ (√ )

= √
= √
=

and amp(z) = ( )
√
= ( )

= (√ )
=

x) ( ) ( – )
Sol.: Let, z = ( ) ( – )
= ( )( – )
= ( )( – ) …
= (– )( – )
= – –
= – – (– )
= –
∴ z =
Comparing with , we get,
,
∴ | |= √
= √
 = √
= √
= √

and amp(z) = ( )

= ( )

= ( )


2) Find real values of  for which ( ) is purely real.


3) If then represent the ̅ ̅ in Argand’s diagram.

Sol.: The complex numbers , , and are represented by point
( ), ( ), ( ) and ( ) respectively as following in figure.

4) Express the following complex numbers in polar form and exponential form.

i) √ ii) – iii) – iv) v) vi) ( )

i) √
Sol.: Let √
Comparing with , we get,
and √
∴ = | |= √

= √( ) (√ )

= √
= √
=
 Here ( √ ) lies in second quadrant.
If is the amplitude, then

∴ ( ) … ( )

and
√
∴

∴ ( ) … ( )

∴ The polar form of = ( )

= ( )

ii)
Sol.: Let,
Comparing with , we get,
and
∴ = |z| = √
= √ ( )
= √
=
Here ( ) lies on negative side of Y–axis.
If is the amplitude, then

∴
∴

and

∴ The polar form of z = ( )

= ( )

= ( )

iii)
Sol.: Let,
Comparing with , we get,
and
∴ = |z| = √
= √( )
= √
=
Here ( ) lies on negative side of X–axis.
If is the amplitude, then

∴
∴
∴

and

∴
∴
∴
∴ The polar form of z = ( )
= ( )
= ( )

iv)

Sol.: Let, =

= ( )( )

= …

Comparing with , we get,

and

∴ = | |= √

= √( ) ( )

= √

= √

= √

=
√

Here ( ) lies in fourth quadrant.

If is the amplitude, then

∴
√

√
∴

∴
√

∴
∴ ( ) … ( )

and

∴
√

√
∴

∴
√

∴ ( ) … ( )

∴ The polar form of = ( )

= ( )
√

5) Express the following numbers in the form

i) √ ( )

ii) √ ( )

iii) ( ( ) ( ))

v) v) vi)

6) Find the modulus and argument of the complex number .

Sol.: Let, =
( ) ( )
= ( ) ( )

= ( ) ( )
( )
= ( )
…
 =

∴ =

Comparing with , we get,

∴ | |= √

= √( ) ( )

= √

= √

= √

=
√

and amp(z) = ( )

= ( )

= ( )

= ( )

= * ( )+ … ( )

= * +

7) Convert the complex number in the polar form.

Sol.: Let, =

= √

( )
=
√

( )( √ )
=
( √ )( √ )
 ( √ √ )
=
√ ( ) √
= …
( )

= ( √ √ )

= √ (√ )
√ √
=

Comparing with , we get,

√ √
and

∴ = | |= √

√ √
= √( ) ( )

√ √
= √

= √

= √
√ √
Here ( ) lies in first quadrant.

If is the amplitude, then

√
∴
√

√
∴
√

√
∴ ( )
√

and
√
∴
√

√
∴
√

√
∴ ( )
√

∴ The polar form of = ( )

√ √
= √ ( ), where ( ) ( )
√ √
8) for verify the following:
i) (̅̅̅̅
̅) ii) ̅ | |
iii) ( ̅) is real iv) ̅
Sol.: Given,

i. LHS =

= ( )
= ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
( )
= ( )
=
= RHS

∴ =
ii. LHS = ̅
= ( )(̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅)
= ( )( )
= – –
= …
= 13
RHS = | |2
=
= ( ) ( )
=
=
∴ LHS = RHS
∴ ̅ | |
iii. ( ̅) = ( ) (̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅)
= –
= R
∴ ( ̅) is real
iv. LHS = ( ) (̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅)
= ( ) ( )
= –
=
= RHS
∴ ̅

9) Verify the following:

i) ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅ ̅̅̅
ii) ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅ ̅̅̅
iii) ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅ ̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅
iv) ( ) ̅̅̅

Sol.: Given, ,
i. LHS = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
= (̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
) ( )
= ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
=
RHS = ̅̅̅ ̅̅̅
= ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
=
=
∴ LHS = RHS
∴ ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅ ̅̅̅
ii. LHS = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
= (̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
) ( )
= ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
= ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
=
RHS = ̅̅̅ ̅̅̅
= ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
( ) (̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅)
= ( )
=
=
∴ LHS = RHS
∴ ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅ ̅̅̅
iii. LHS = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
= (̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
)( )
= ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
 = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
( ) …
= ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
=
RHS = ̅̅̅ ̅̅̅
= ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
( ) (̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅)
= ( )( )
=
= ( ) …
=
∴ LHS = RHS
∴ ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅ ̅̅̅

iv. Let, =

=
( )
= …
( )

=
̅̅̅̅̅
∴ LHS = ( )

=
̅̅̅
RHS = ̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
( )
= ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
( )

=
( )
= …
( )

∴ LHS = RHS
̅̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅
∴ ( ) ̅̅̅