Chapter 4 – Social Movements and Their Political Implications

Part A – One-Mark Questions & Answers (1–41)

1. Who led the mass entry into Kalaram Temple?

Answer: Dr. B. R. Ambedkar.

2. How many Varnas prevailed in the Vedic period?

Answer: Four Varnas.

3. Who started the newspaper Mooka Naika?

Answer: Dr. B. R. Ambedkar.

4. When was Manusmriti implemented?

Answer: During the ancient period.

5. Name the concept emphasized by Jyotiba Phule.

Answer: Social equality.

6. What is social discrimination?

Answer: Unequal treatment on the basis of caste, religion, gender, or social status.

7. What is economic exploitation?

Answer: Unfair exploitation leading to economic inequality.

8. When did the Mandal Commission Report come into effect?

Answer: 1990.

9. Name the person who struggled to eradicate the Sati System.

Answer: Raja Ram Mohan Roy.

10. When was the Widow Remarriage Act implemented?

Answer: 1856.

11. When was the National Women's Commission established?

Answer: 1992.

12. Savitribai Phule belonged to which state?

Answer: Maharashtra.

13. When was the Domestic Violence Act enforced?

Answer: 2005.

14. Expand AITUC.

Answer: All India Trade Union Congress.
15. Expand INTUC.
Answer: Indian National Trade Union Congress.

16. Expand CITU.

Answer: Centre of Indian Trade Unions.

17. Expand UTUC.

Answer: United Trade Union Congress.

18. Expand HMP.

Answer: Hind Mazdoor Panchayat.

19. Expand HMS.

Answer: Hind Mazdoor Sabha.

20. Which day is celebrated as Labour Day?

Answer: 1st May.

21. Which is the basic profession of farmers?

Answer: Agriculture.

22. Expand BKU.

Answer: Bharatiya Kisan Union.

23. Expand NCIP.

Answer: National Commission for Indigenous People.

24. Expand NAIS.

Answer: National Agricultural Insurance Scheme.

25. Expand PLD.

Answer: Public Litigation Department.

26. Expand NDC.

Answer: National Development Council.

27. Expand KRRS.

Answer: Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha.

28. Expand UDHR.

Answer: Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

29. Expand NHRC.

Answer: National Human Rights Commission.

30. When was the Human Rights Commission established in Karnataka?

Answer: 1995.
31. When was the National Human Rights Commission established?
Answer: 1993.

32. Name the head who protects human rights in the district.
Answer: Deputy Commissioner (District Magistrate).

33. Who is the architect of the CHIPKO Movement?

Answer: Sunderlal Bahuguna.

34. Who is the architect of the APPIKO Movement?

Answer: Pandurang Hegde.

35. Where was the APPIKO Movement started?

Answer: Salkani village, Uttara Kannada.

36. Who is the main leader of the Narmada Bachao Andolan?

Answer: Medha Patkar.

37. Who filed an affidavit in the Supreme Court for Ganga water cleaning?
Answer: M. C. Mehta.

38. When did the Biodiversity Act come into effect?

Answer: 2002.

39. Which is the native district of Saalumarada Thimmakka?

Answer: Ramanagara District.

40. Who started the Western Ghat Movement?

Answer: Dr. Kota Shivaram Karanth.

41. Which day is celebrated as the World Environment Day?

Answer: 5th June.

Part B – Two-Mark Questions & Answers (1–19)

1. Who started the Dalita Sangarsh Samiti in Karnataka and when?

Answer: Started in Karnataka in 1977 under the leadership of Prof. B. Krishnappa.

2. Who are Dalits?

Answer: Dalits are the socially oppressed and historically exploited sections of society.

3. What is the speciality of the Dalit Act?

Answer: The SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 protects SCs/STs and provides
punishment for atrocities.

4. What is the popular slogan of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar?

Answer: Educate, Agitate and Organise.
5. Name the Varnas that prevailed in the ancient period.
Answer: Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras.

6. Name the persons who fought for the upliftment of Backward Classes.
Answer: Jyotiba Phule and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar.

7. When and where was the Backward Class Agitation started in Karnataka?
Answer: Started in Karnataka in 1973 under Devaraj Urs.

8. When and where was the Hindu Widow's Home established?

Answer: Established in 1896 at Poona (Pune) by Dhondo Keshav Karve.

9. Mention any two Articles which eradicate gender-based inequality.

Answer: Article 14 and Article 15.

10. Name any two Acts related to Women Protection.

Answer: Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 and Dowry Prohibition
Act, 1961.

11. Name the two important Communist leaders of India.

Answer: M. N. Roy and S. A. Dange.

12. Write the meaning of labourers.

Answer: People who work for wages or salaries.

13. Write any two Labour Acts.

Answer: Factories Act, 1948 and Minimum Wages Act, 1948.

14. Name any two leaders of Karnataka Raitha Sangha Movement.

Answer: Prof. M. D. Nanjundaswamy and P. Chandrashekar Patil.

15. What are the two important reasons for the Kheda Movement?
Answer: Crop failure and British collection of land revenue despite poor harvests.

16. What is the meaning of Human Rights?

Answer: Basic rights and freedoms of every human being.

17. What is Maryada Hatye?

Answer: Honour killing in the name of family honour.

18. Name any two Acts related to the Protection of Environment.

Answer: Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and Biological Diversity Act, 2002.

19. What is Environment?

Answer: The surroundings including air, water, land and all living and non-living
components.
Chapter 4 – Five-Mark Questions & Answers

Q1. Explain the Causes for the Dalit Movement.

The Dalit Movement arose to eliminate untouchability, caste discrimination and social
injustice and to secure equality, dignity and constitutional rights for Dalits.

1. Practice of Untouchability
Dalits were treated as untouchables and denied entry into temples, public wells and many
public places. Example: Dr. B. R. Ambedkar led the Kalaram Temple Entry Movement
(1930).

2. Social Discrimination
Dalits faced discrimination in education, housing, public facilities and religious life.

3. Economic Exploitation
Most worked as landless labourers with low wages and little economic security.

4. Educational Backwardness
Limited access to education prevented social and economic progress. Ambedkar promoted
'Educate, Agitate and Organise'.

5. Political Exclusion
Dalits had little representation in administration and decision-making and demanded equal
political rights.

6. Inhuman Social Practices

Practices such as manual scavenging and caste-based occupations denied dignity.

7. Reformers
Jyotiba Phule, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and Periyar inspired the struggle for equality.

8. Constitutional Protection
Articles 14, 15, 16 and 17 and the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 strengthened
Dalit rights.

Conclusion: The Dalit Movement promoted equality, dignity, education and social justice
and strengthened constitutional rights.

Q3. Explain the Causes for the Women's (Feminist) Movement.

The Women's Movement sought equality, justice and equal opportunities for women.

1. Gender Discrimination
Women were treated as inferior and denied equal rights in education, employment and
property.
2. Social Evils
Practices like child marriage, sati, dowry and restrictions on widow remarriage affected
women. Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar fought these evils.

3. Educational Backwardness
Girls were denied education. Savitribai Phule promoted women's education by opening
schools for girls.

4. Economic Inequality
Women received lower wages and had limited employment opportunities.

5. Domestic Violence
Violence and harassment led to demands for stronger legal protection, including the
Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005.

6. Lack of Political Representation

Women demanded greater participation in politics and decision-making.

7. Reformers and Organisations

Savitribai Phule, Pandita Ramabai and the National Commission for Women worked for
women's welfare.

8. Constitutional Safeguards
Articles 14, 15 and 16 guarantee equality and prohibit discrimination.

Conclusion: The movement improved women's education, legal protection, employment

opportunities and social status.

Q6. Explain the Main Causes for the Peasants' Movement.

The Peasants' Movement was organised to protect farmers' interests and improve their
economic condition.

1. Low Prices
Farmers often did not receive remunerative prices for crops and demanded MSP.

2. Indebtedness
Loans and poor harvests trapped many farmers in debt.

3. Rising Input Costs

Seeds, fertilisers, pesticides, electricity and irrigation became increasingly expensive.

4. Natural Calamities
Droughts, floods and crop failures caused severe losses.

5. Lack of Facilities
Poor irrigation, storage, transport and technology reduced productivity.
6. Exploitation by Middlemen
Middlemen forced farmers to sell produce at low prices.

7. Government Support
Farmers demanded loan waivers, subsidies, crop insurance and irrigation.

8. Farmers' Organisations
KRRS led by Prof. M. D. Nanjundaswamy and BKU organised farmers to fight for their rights.

Conclusion: The movement influenced agricultural policies and secured welfare measures
for farmers.