SECTION A: Definition Questions
1. Define Data Collection.
Answer:
Data collection is the systematic process of gathering and measuring information from various sources
to answer research questions and evaluate outcomes.
2. Define Primary Data.
Answer:
Primary data is original data collected directly by the researcher for the specific purpose of the study.
3. Define Secondary Data.
Answer:
Secondary data is data that has already been collected by other individuals or organizations for a
different purpose.
4. Define Observation in data collection.
Answer:
Observation is a technique of collecting data by recording behaviors, events, or objects as they occur in
their natural setting.
5. Define Interviewing.
Answer:
Interviewing is a data collection technique that involves a verbal conversation between the interviewer
and the respondent to obtain information.
6. Define Questionnaire/Survey.
Answer:
A questionnaire is a set of written questions given to respondents to collect information about their
opinions, attitudes, or facts.
7. Define Experimentation.
Answer:
Experimentation is a data collection method used to establish cause-and-effect relationships by
manipulating variables in a controlled environment.
8. Define Ethical Considerations in Research.
Answer:
Ethical considerations are moral principles that guide researchers to conduct research responsibly and
respectfully.
SECTION B: Short Answer Questions
9. State two main sources of data.
Answer:
Primary data
Secondary data
10. State three techniques of data collection.
Answer:
Observation
Interviewing
Questionnaires/Surveys
Experimentation
11. State two advantages of observation.
Answer:
Provides detailed information.
Captures non-verbal behavior.
12. State one disadvantage of observation.
Answer:
It is time consuming.
13. State two advantages of interviewing.
Answer:
High response rate.
Allows clarification of questions.
Provides detailed information.
14. State two disadvantages of interviewing.
Answer:
High cost.
Time consuming.
Requires skilled interviewer.
15. State two advantages of questionnaires.
Answer:
Low cost.
Can reach a large geographical area.
Questions are standardized.
Allows anonymous responses.
16. State two disadvantages of questionnaires.
Answer:
Low response rate.
No opportunity for clarification of questions.
Requires literacy.
17. State one advantage of experimentation.
Answer:
Provides strong evidence of cause-and-effect relationships.
18. State one disadvantage of experimentation.
Answer:
May have ethical limitations.
SECTION C: Ethical Considerations in Research
19. What is Informed Consent?
Answer:
Participants must fully understand the research before agreeing to participate.
20. What is Voluntary Participation?
Answer:
Participants must have the freedom to join or leave the study at any time without pressure.
21. What is Confidentiality?
Answer:
The researcher knows the identity of participants but keeps their information secret from the public.
22. What is Anonymity?
Answer:
The identity of participants is not known or recorded by the researcher.
23. Explain the Principle of Do No Harm.
Answer:
Research should not cause physical, psychological, social, or economic harm to participants.
24. What is the Right to Privacy?
Answer:
Participants have the right to control the personal information they share.
25. What is Integrity and Honesty in research?
Answer:
Researchers must report findings truthfully and give credit to original authors.