HBD Reproductive System:-
1. Case Presentation:-
A 52-year-old male presented to the outpatient clinic with complaints of difficulty
achieving and maintaining erections for the past 8 months. He reported a gradual decline
in erectile function, with no morning erections and failure to sustain erections during
sexual activity. The condition had led to significant psychological distress and strained
his relationship with his partner.
He denied any prior history of trauma, pelvic surgery, or use of medications known to
affect sexual function. However, his medical history revealed poorly controlled type 2
diabetes mellitus for the past 7 years and a 20-year history of cigarette smoking (1 pack
per day). He also admitted to sedentary lifestyle habits and occasional alcohol use.
On physical examination, the patient was overweight (BMI 29 kg/m²), with normal
secondary sexual characteristics. Genital examination was unremarkable, with no
evidence of penile plaques or testicular abnormalities. Peripheral pulses were reduced in
the lower extremities, and monofilament testing indicated peripheral neuropathy.
2. Case Presentation
A 22-year-old unmarried woman presented to the gynecology outpatient department with
complaints of irregular menstrual cycles for the past two years. She reported menstrual
periods occurring every 2–3 months, each lasting 5–7 days. Additionally, she noticed
increased facial hair growth and persistent acne for the past year, causing significant
emotional distress.
The patient denied any history of galactorrhea, significant weight loss, eating disorders,
or recent stress. Her medical history was otherwise unremarkable, with no known chronic
illnesses or previous surgeries. She had no family history of diabetes or reproductive
disorders.
On physical examination:
BMI: 31.2 kg/m² (obese)
Blood pressure: 128/82 mmHg
Hirsutism: Present (Ferriman-Gallwey score: 14)
Acne: Moderate on the face and back
No thyroid enlargement or galactorrhea was observed. Pelvic examination was deferred
due to the patient’s preference and lack of sexual activity.
3. Case Presentation:-
A 28-year-old woman presented to the gynecology outpatient clinic with complaints of
chronic pelvic pain, severe dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation), and dyspareunia (pain
during intercourse) for the past two years. She had been trying to conceive for the last 18
months without success.
Her menstrual cycles were regular (28–30 days), but she reported increasing pain in the
days leading up to her period, radiating to her lower back and thighs. The pain was
progressively worsening and unresponsive to over-the-counter analgesics. She also
reported fatigue, bloating, and occasional painful bowel movements during her periods.
4. Case Presentation:-
A 35-year-old married woman presented to the gynecology outpatient clinic with
complaints of heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic fullness, and increased urinary frequency
for the past 8 months. Her menstrual periods had become progressively heavier, lasting
up to 8 days, with passage of clots and occasional fatigue and dizziness during her cycle.
She also reported a sensation of pelvic pressure, bloating, and increased abdominal girth.
The urinary frequency was not associated with pain or burning, and she denied any fever
or urinary incontinence. She had two previous uncomplicated vaginal deliveries and was
not using any form of hormonal contraception.
Students Group:-
Abitha Pragatheeswarakumar 16/20 Group-A
Arunprakash Selvam 17/20
Christi -Ann Brown 19/20
Danielle Kirlew 19/20 Group-B
Elsa Mary Wilson 17/20
GraceEdwards 19/20
Jayanth Vimal ManiVijaya 18/20 Group-C
Joshua Gordon 19/20
Kellian Baker 19/20
Lashawnya Heron Group-D
Nanda Ahkil
Paulina Janet
Sophiya Punithan