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Class9 Science Ch2 Cell Explained Notes

Chapter 2 of Class 9 Science focuses on the cell as the basic unit of life, detailing its discovery by Robert Hooke and the formulation of cell theory by Schleiden and Schwann. It distinguishes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, describes key cell structures like the cell membrane, nucleus, and mitochondria, and highlights differences between plant and animal cells. The chapter also explains processes such as diffusion and the functions of various organelles.

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Class9 Science Ch2 Cell Explained Notes

Chapter 2 of Class 9 Science focuses on the cell as the basic unit of life, detailing its discovery by Robert Hooke and the formulation of cell theory by Schleiden and Schwann. It distinguishes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, describes key cell structures like the cell membrane, nucleus, and mitochondria, and highlights differences between plant and animal cells. The chapter also explains processes such as diffusion and the functions of various organelles.

Uploaded by

rajivkumar54489
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Class 9 Science - Chapter 2: The Cell (Explained

Notes)

• Cell: The basic unit of life. All living organisms are made of cells and all life processes occur in
cells.

• Discovery: Robert Hooke discovered cells in 1665 while observing cork under a microscope.

• Cell Theory: Schleiden and Schwann proposed that all plants and animals are made of cells and
the cell is the basic unit of life.

• Types of Cells: Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus (e.g., bacteria), while eukaryotic cells have a
well-defined nucleus.

• Cell Membrane: A thin covering that controls what enters and leaves the cell; it is selectively
permeable.

• Cell Wall: Present only in plant cells; it provides rigidity, shape, and protection.

• Nucleus: The control center of the cell that contains genetic material (DNA) and controls all
activities.

• Cytoplasm: Jelly-like fluid where all organelles are suspended and many chemical reactions take
place.

• Mitochondria: Known as the powerhouse of the cell because they produce energy in the form of
ATP.

• Vacuole: Stores water, food, and waste materials; large in plant cells and small in animal cells.

• Diffusion: Movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration.

• Plant vs Animal Cell: Plant cells have cell wall, chloroplast, and large vacuole, while animal cells
lack these structures.

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