TALL BUILDING ENGINEERING (ECS751)
PROJECT TITLE:
SOHCO (SOCIAL ORIENTED HOME COMPACT
OCCUPATION) HIGH RISE BUILDING AT KLANG
Prepared by:
GROUP 2:
1. Daniel Abdullah bin Zulkifli (2025794299)
2. Fara Izzah Syazwana binti Aminuddin (2026375813)
3. Muhammad Nur Adha bin Mohd Yunus(2025833254)
4. Mohd Sazalie Bin Ramlee (2025286988)
LECTURER NAME : DR. HAZRINA BINTI MANSOR
OBJECTIVES
TO DO ENGINEERING ASSESSMENT FOR:
1. PART A: BUILDING AND STRUCTURAL SYSTEM SELECTION
[Link] B: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN COORDINATION
[Link] C: CONSTRUCTION PLANNING FOR FOUNDATION AND
PROFESSIONAL COORDINATION
[Link] D: ROBUSTNESS STRATEGIES AND STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
SOHCO HIGH RISE
BUILDING
SOHCO HIGH RISE
BUILDING
Sustainability
Project Coordinator: Structural Engineer: Construction Engineer:
Specialist: [Fara] – Part
[Adha] – Part A [Daniel] – Part B [Sazali] – Part C
D
SITE LOCATION
• The SOHCO Concept: Social Oriented Home
Compact Occupation designed as an urban
catalyst to reverse Klang's city center bypass
effect.
• Total Height: 145 meters
• Total Floors: 39 storeys + 4 basements.
• Strategic Location: Fronting the Klang River,
directly adjacent to Masjid Diraja Klang.
• Levels G to 4 (Commercial/Retail): Open
plazas requiring expansive column-free
spaces.
• Levels 7 to 12 (Vertical Farming): High
sustained dead loads from heavy soil beds,
framing, and water routing.
• Levels 14 to 38 (SOHCO Units): Regular
living/work grids with high comfort criteria.
• Podium Levels: Severe load distribution
variations necessitating massive Transfer
Floor Systems.
PART A -
BUILDING AND STRUCTURAL SYSTEM SELECTION
PROPOSED STRUCTURAL
SYSTEM
Structure components :
• Reinforced Concrete Columns- Vertical members transferring
gravity loads from floors/roofs to the foundation, sized for
optimal load capacity and usable space.
• Reinforced Concrete Beams- Span between columns,
supporting slabs and distributing loads horizontally.
• Reinforced Concrete Floor Slabs- Horizontal diaphragms
distributing gravity loads and transferring lateral forces to the
bracing/frame system.
• Steel Bracing System (Outer Layer)- Resists lateral loads,
reduces sway, enhances stiffness, and controls wind-induced
movement in the high-rise.
• Structural Core (Services, Lift, Stair)- Provides rigidity, houses
vertical circulation/shafts, assists in lateral resistance, and
improves torsional stability.
• Foundation System (Bored Piles and Pile Caps)- Transfers
combined vertical and lateral loads safely to the ground,
ensuring stability and settlement control
PART B -
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
COORDINATION
PRELIMINARY STRUCTURAL LAYOUT
● RC Wall-Frame (Dual System)
● Modelled using ETABS
● Gravity load resisting system:
○ Slabs
○ Beams
○ Columns
● Lateral load resisting system:
○ Reinforced concrete shear walls
● Building height:145m
○ Level 1 = 6.3m
○ Level 2–39 = 3.65m
PRELIMINARY STRUCTURAL LAYOUT
LAYOUT PLAN STOREY 1
PRELIMINARY STRUCTURAL LAYOUT
LAYOUT PLAN STOREY 2-7
PRELIMINARY STRUCTURAL LAYOUT
LAYOUT PLAN STOREY 8-39
GRAVITY LOAD TRANSFER MECHANISM
Load transfer Structural Behavior
WIND LOAD TRANSFER MECHANISM
Load transfer Structural Behavior
WIND LOAD ESTIMATION AND ASSIGNMENT
Design Standard
● MS EN 1991-1-4:2017 and MS
1553:2002 (AMD. 1:2013)
● Site Wind Speed = Zone I
● Building Height = 145 m
● Terrain Category = IV
36.92 m/s
LATERAL STABILITY ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
LATERAL STABILITY ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
● The manual calculation predicted a lateral displacement (storey drift increment) of 0.04 mm, whereas the
ETABS model predicted 0.38 mm, indicating that the ETABS result is considerably higher.
● Similarly, the absolute lateral displacement at the upper storeys obtained from ETABS was 17.86 mm
and 17.48 mm at Storeys 39 and 38, respectively, compared with 0.53 mm and 0.49 mm from the
manual calculation.
● The lateral drift predicted by ETABS (1.15 × 10⁻⁴) is also greater than that obtained from the manual
calculation (1.10 × 10⁻⁵).
● These differences are expected because the manual calculation is based on a simplified analytical
approach that neglects torsional behaviour and assumes idealised structural behaviour.
● In contrast, the ETABS model represents the complete three-dimensional structural system, accounting
for the actual stiffness and mass distribution, frame–shear wall interaction, load redistribution, and
torsional effects. Consequently, ETABS predicts larger lateral displacements and storey drift, providing a
more realistic representation of the building's structural response under lateral loading.
LATERAL STABILITY ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
LATERAL STABILITY ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION COORDINATION
STRATEGIES
[Link] between Design Disciplines
● Coordinate Structural, Architectural & MEP disciplines.
● Prevent clashes between structural members and building services.
● Conduct regular coordination meetings and multidisciplinary reviews.
● Detect design conflicts early to reduce rework, delays, and project costs.
[Link] Information Modelling (BIM)
● Utilizes 3D digital modelling for project coordination.
● Integrates Structural, Architectural, and MEP disciplines.
● Detects and prevents clashes before construction.
● Improves coordination and management of complex tall building components.
● Reduces design errors, rework, and construction delays.
[Link] Detection
● Detects clashes between structural, architectural, and MEP components.
● Identifies conflicts before construction begins.
● Reduces costly site modifications and rework.
● Improves construction quality and project efficiency.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION COORDINATION
STRATEGIES
4. Construction Sequencing
● Plan the construction activities in the correct sequence.
● Coordinate concrete casting, reinforcement, formwork, and MEP installation.
● Prevent work interference between different trades.
● Improve productivity while maintaining site safety.
5. Communication and Coordination Meetings
● Conduct regular meetings between the client, consultant, and contractor.
● Review design changes, RFIs, shop drawings, and construction issues.
● Resolve issues promptly to prevent project delays.
● Ensure all parties work with the latest project information.
6. Quality Control and Site Coordination
● Conduct pre-concreting inspections.
● Verify reinforcement, embedded services, and formwork dimensions.
● Ensure compliance with approved drawings and design specifications.
● Reduce defects, rework, and improve construction quality.
PART C -
CONSTRUCTION PLANNING FOR FOUNDATION
AND PROFESSIONAL COORDINATION
FOUNDATION PLANNING & SUBSTRUCTURE
LOGISTICS
• Foundation Selection: • Construction Sequencing
High-capacity Bored Piles tied into a
rigid RC Pile Cap / Raft
• Foundation Matrix.
Geotechnical Justification: Alluvial
riverfront soils flanking the Klang
River necessitate drilling deep down
to anchor directly into competent
bedrock. Low-vibration drilling
operations protect the nearby
structural boundaries of Masjid
Diraja Klang.
PART D: ROBUSTNESS STRATEGY AND
STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY
INTERDEPENDENT STRUCTURAL PRINCIPLE
[Link] VIA INTEGRATED DUAL SYSTEM
2. DUCTILITY & CONTINUITY AT CRITICAL JOINTS.
4. STRENGTHENING THE KEY ELEMENTS
ALTERNATE LOAD PATH
75
THANK YOU!