Security

1) Linkages between Development & spread of Extremism;

2) Linkages of Organized crime and Terrorism
[Link] YEAR QUESTION TOPIC MARKS
Article 244 of Indian Constitution relates to Administration of Scheduled
areas and tribal areas. Analyze the impact of non-implementation of the
1 2013 provisions of fifth schedule on the growth of Left Wing Extremism. LWE 10
The persisting drives of the government for development of large industries
in backward areas have resulted in isolating the tribal population and the
farmers who face multiple displacements with Malkangiri and Naxalbari
foci, discuss the corrective strategies needed to win the left wing extremism
(LWE) doctrine affected citizens back into the mainstream of social and
2 2015 economic growth. LWE 12.5
organised
“Terrorism is emerging as a competitive industry over the last few crime and
3 2016 decades.” Analyse the above statement. Terrorism 12.5
The terms ‘Hot Pursuit’ and ‘Surgical Strikes’ are often used in connection organised
with armed action against terrorist attacks. Discuss the strategic impact of crime and
4 2016 such actions. Terrorism 12.5
Mob violence is emerging as a serious law and order problem in India. By
giving suitable examples, analyze the causes and consequences of such
5 2017 violence. Mob violence 15
The scourge of terrorism is a grave challenge to national security. What organised
solutions do you suggest to curb this growing menace? What are the major crime and
6 2017 sources of terrorist funding? Terrorism 15
The north-eastern region of India has been infested with insurgency for a
very long time. Analyze the major reasons for the survival of armed N-E
7 2017 insurgency in this region. Insurgency 10
Left Wing Extremism (LWE) is showing a downward trend, but still affects
many parts of the country. Briefly explain the Government of India’s
8 2018 approach to counter the challenges posed by LWE. LWE 10
Indian government has recently strengthened the anti-terrorism laws by
amending the unlawful activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA), 1967 and the
NIA Act. Analyze the changes in the context of prevailing security
environment while discussing the scope and reasons for opposing the UAPA and
9 2019 UAPA by human rights organizations. NIA 15
The banning of ‘Jamaat-e – islaami’ in Jammu and Kashmir brought into
focus the role of over-ground workers (OGWs) in assisting terrorist
organizations. Examine the role played by OGWs in assisting terrorist over-ground
organizations in insurgency affected areas. Discuss measures to neutralize workers
10 2019 the influence of OGWs. (OGWs) 10
What are the sound determinants of left-wing extremism in Eastern part of
India? What strategy should Government of India, civil administration and
11 2020 security forces adopt to counter the threat in the affected areas? LWE 15
Analyse the complexity and intensity of terrorism, its causes, linkages and organised
obnoxious nexus. Also, suggest measures required to be taken to crime and
12 2021 eradicate the menace of terrorism. Terrorism 15
Discuss the types of organised crimes. Describe the linkages between Organised
terrorists and organised crime that exist at the national and transnational Crime and
13 2022 levels. Terrorism 10
Naxalism is a social, economic and developmental issue manifesting as a
violent internal security threat. In this context, discuss the emerging issues
14 2022 and suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of Naxalism. LWE 15
Winning of ‘Hearts and Minds’ in terrorism affected areas is an essential Govt
step in restoring the trust of the population. Discuss the measures adopted measures for
by the Government in this respect as part of the conflict resolution in Internal
15 2023 Jammu and Kashmir. Security 10
Give out the major sources of terror funding in India and the efforts being
made to curtail these sources. In the light of this, also discuss the aim and Organised
objective of the No Money for Terror (NMFT) Conference recently held at Crime and
16 2023 New Delhi in November 2022. terrorism 15
Explain how narco-terrorism has emerged as a serious threat across the NarcoTerroris
17 2024 country. Suggest suitable measures to counter narco-terrorism. m 10
Terrorism is a global scourge. How has it manifested in India? Elaborate Organised
with contemporary examples. What are the counter measures adopted by crime and
18 2025 the State? Explain. Terrorism 10
 The Government of India recently stated that Left Wing Extremism (LWE)
will be eliminated by 2026. What do you understand by LWE and how are
the people affected by it? What measures have been taken by the
19 2025 government to eliminate LWE? LWE 10
What are the major challenges to internal security and peace process in
the North-Eastern States? Map the various peace accords and agreements N-E
20 2025 initiated by the government in the past decade. Insurgency 15

1) Border Areas (security challenges and management thereof)

2) Security forces & agencies (mandate)
3) Role of External State & Non-State actors in creating internal security challenges
[Link] YEAR QUESTION TOPIC MARKS
How far are India’s internal security challenges linked with border
management, particularly in view of the long porous borders with most Border
1 2013 countries of South Asia and Myanmar? security 10
International civil aviation laws provide all countries complete and exclusive
sovereignty over the airspace above the territory. What do you understand
by airspace? What are the implications of these laws on the space above
this airspace? Discuss the challenges which this poses and suggests ways Airspace
2 2014 to contain the threat. Security 12.5
The diverse nature of India as a multireligious and multi-ethnic society is
not immune to the impact of radicalism which has been in her
neighbourhood. Discuss along with the strategies to be adopted to counter
3 2014 this environment. Radicalisation 12.5
How illegal transborder migration does pose a threat to India’s security?
Discuss the strategies to curb this, bring out the factors which give impetus Border
4 2014 to such migration. security 12.5
In 2012, the longitudinal marking of the high-risk areas for piracy was
moved from 65° East to 78° east in the Arabian Sea by International
Maritime organisation. What impact does this have on India’s maritime Maritime
5 2014 security concerns? security 12.5
China and Pakistan have entered into an agreement for development of an
economic corridor. What thread does it dispose for India’s security? Border
6 2014 Critically examine. security 12.5
Human rights activists constantly highlight the view that the Armed Forces
(Special Powers) Act, 1958 (AFSPA) is a draconian act leading to cases of
human rights abuses by the security forces. What sections of AFSPA are
opposed by the activists? Critically evaluate the requirement with reference
7 2015 to the view held by the Apex Court. AFSPA 12.5
Border management is a complex task due to difficult terrain and hostile
relations with some countries. Elucidate the challenges and strategies for Border
8 2016 effective border management. security 12.5
China-
The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is viewed as a cardinal Pakistan
subset of China’s larger ‘One Belt One Road’ initiative. Give a brief Economic
description of CPEC and enumerate the reasons why India has distanced Corridor
9 2018 itself from the same. (CPEC) 10
Cross-border movement of insurgents is only one of the several security
challenges facing the policing of the border in North-East India. Examine
the various challenges currently emanating across the India-Myanmar Cross- border
10 2019 border. Also, discuss the steps to counter the challenges. Insurgency 15
Analyze internal security threats and transborder crimes along Myanmar,
Bangladesh and Pakistan borders including Line of Control (LoC). Also Border
11 2020 discuss the role played by various security forces in this regard security 15
For effective border area management, discuss the steps required to be
taken to deny local support to militants and also suggest ways to manage Border area
12 2020 favourable perception among locals management 10
Analyse the multidimensıonal challenges posed by external state and non-
state actors, to the internal security of India. Also, discuss measures State and Non
13 2021 required to be taken to combat these threats State Actors 15
What are the maritime security challenges in India? Discuss the
organisational, technical and procedural initiatives taken to improve the Maritime
14 2022 maritime security. security 10
The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) by our adversaries across the
borders to ferry arms/ammunitions, drugs, etc, is a serious threat to the Unmanned
internal security. Comment on the measures being taken to tackle this aerial vehicles
15 2023 threat. (UAVs) 10
 India has a long and troubled border with China and Pakistan fraught with
contentious issues. Examine the conflicting issues and security challenges
along the border. Also give out the development being undertaken in these
areas under the Border Area Development Programme (BADP) and Border BADP and
16 2024 Infrastructure and Management (BIM) Scheme. BIM 15
Why is maritime security vital to protect India's sea trade? Discuss Maritime
17 2025 maritime and coastal security challenges and the way forward. security 15

Money laundering & Prevention

[Link] YEAR QUESTION TOPIC MARKS
Money laundering poses a serious threat to country’s economic
sovereignty. What is its significance for India and what steps are required Prevention of
1 2013 to be taken to control this menace? ML 10
India’s proximity to two of the world’s biggest illicit opium-growing states
has enhanced her internal security concerns. Explain the linkages between
drug trafficking and other illicit activities such as gunrunning, money
laundering and human trafficking. What counter-measures should be taken Drug
2 2018 to prevent the same? trafficking 15
Discuss how emerging technologies and globalisation contribute to money
laundering. Elaborate measures to tackle the problem of money laundering Prevention of
3 2021 both at national and international levels. ML 10

1) Basics of Cyber Security

2) Role of media and social-networking sites in internal security challenges
3) Internal security challenges through communication networks.
[Link] YEAR QUESTION TOPIC MARKS
Cyber warfare is considered by some defense analysts to be a larger threat
than even Al Qaeda or terrorism. What do you understand by Cyber
warfare? Outline the cyber threats which India is vulnerable to and bring
1 2013 out the state of the country’s preparedness to deal with the same. Cyber warfare 10
What is digital signature? What does its authentication mean? Giver Digital
2 2013 various salient built in features of a digital signature. signature 5
What are social networking site and what security implications do these Social
3 2013 sites present? Network 10
Discuss the advantage and security implications of cloud hosting of server
4 2015 vis-a-vis in-house machine-based hosting for government businesses. Cyber security 12.5
Considering the threats cyberspace poses for the country, India needs a
“Digital Armed Force” to prevent crimes. Critically evaluate the National National
Cyber Security Policy, 2013 outlining the challenges perceived in its Cyber Security
5 2015 effective implementation. Policy, 2013 12.5
Religious indoctrination via digital media has resulted in Indian youth
joining the ISIS. What is ISIS and its mission? How can ISIS be dangerous
6 2015 for the internal security of our country? Digital media 12.5
Use of Internet and social media by non-state actors for subversive
activities is a major concern. How have these have misused in the recent
7 2016 past? Suggest effective guidelines to curb the above threat. Social media 12.5
Discuss the potential threats of Cyber attack and the security framework to
8 2017 prevent it. Cyber attack 10
Data security has assumed significant importance in the digitized world due
to rising cyber crimes. The Justice B. N. Srikrishna Committee Report
addresses issues related to data security. What, in your view, are the
strengths and weakness sof the Report relating to protection of personal
9 2018 data in cyber space? Data security 15
What is the CyberDome Project? Explain how it can be useful in controlling
10 2019 internet crimes in India. Cyberdome 10
Discuss different types of cyber crimes and measures required to be taken
11 2020 to fight the menace Cyber crime 10
Keeping in view India’s internal security, analyse the impact of cross-border
cyber attacks. Also, discuss defensive measures against these Cross border
12 2021 sophisticated attacks. Cyber attacks 10
What are the different elements of cyber security? Keeping in view the National
challenges in cyber security, examine the extent to which India has Cyber security
13 2022 successfully developed a comprehensive National Cyber Security Strategy. Strategy 10
What are the internal security challenges being faced by India? Give out Security
the role of Central Intelligence and Investigative Agencies tasked to Forces &
14 2023 counter such threats. Agencies 15
 Digital
Personal Data
Describe the context and salient features of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act,
15 2024 Protection Act, 2023. 2023 10
Social media and encrypting messaging services pose a serious security
challenge. What measures have been adopted at various levels to address
the security implications of social media? Also suggest any other remedies
16 2024 to address the problem. Social media 15
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