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The document discusses ideal current sources, which are active elements that deliver a constant current regardless of voltage changes or load resistance. It outlines the characteristics, features, and differences between ideal and practical current sources, including their applications in real-world circuits. Examples of circuits using current sources, such as op-amps and transistors, are also provided.

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2 views5 pages

presentation

The document discusses ideal current sources, which are active elements that deliver a constant current regardless of voltage changes or load resistance. It outlines the characteristics, features, and differences between ideal and practical current sources, including their applications in real-world circuits. Examples of circuits using current sources, such as op-amps and transistors, are also provided.

Uploaded by

manjeesekudzai
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Slide 1 — Title

Ideal Current Sources

Characteristics • Features • Diagrams • Real-world Examples

Slide 2 — What Is a Current Source?

A current source is an active element that delivers a constant current to a


load regardless of the voltage across it.

There are two types:

Ideal current source

Practical (real) current source

Slide 3 — Ideal Current Source (Definition)

An ideal current source supplies a fixed current that does not change even if:

Load resistance changes

Voltage across the source changes

It has infinite internal resistance.

Slide 4 — Symbol of an Ideal Current Source

Copy code

→I

-----|

| ⭕ |

---------

Arrow shows direction of the current.

Slide 5 — I-V Characteristics of an Ideal Current Source

Characteristic Curve

Copy code
I

I0 ---|------------------ (constant current)

|_________________________ V

Vertical voltage range → can be any value (theoretically infinite)

Horizontal → current stays constant at I₀

Slide 6 — Key Characteristics

Ideal Current Source Characteristics

Delivers constant current regardless of load.

Has infinite AC and DC internal resistance.

Voltage across it adjusts automatically.

Never changes current even if:

Load resistance becomes high

Load resistance becomes low

Voltage polarity changes

Slide 7 — Features

Features of Ideal Current Sources

No internal losses

Perfect stability

Unlimited voltage compliance (the voltage can rise to anything)

Output depends ONLY on current rating, not load.

Used to model real current sources in analysis.

Slide 8 — Practical vs Ideal

Ideal

Infinite voltage capability

Perfect current stability


No power limits

Practical

Limited voltage

Current depends slightly on load

Internal resistance large but finite

Slide 9 — Example Circuits (with Diagrams)

1. Using an Op-Amp Current Source

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+Vcc

----

| | Op-Amp

Vin | |

----

Rset

Load

Op-amp adjusts output voltage to keep constant current through the load.

2. Transistor Current Source (BJT)

Copy code

Vcc

Rb

|
B

C →--- Iout

GND

3. JFET Current Source

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Vcc

JFET

Iout constant

GND

JFET naturally stabilizes current.

4. Current Mirror (MOSFET)

Copy code

Vcc

M1 M2

Iref Iout (copy)

Used in analog ICs for stable current replication.


Slide 10 — Real-Life Applications

Battery chargers

LED drivers

Biasing circuits

Transistor amplifiers

Sensor circuits

Power supplies

Constant-current testing systems

Slide 11 — Summary

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