DEPARTMENT OF MARITIME STUDIES CHAPTER 3: KINETICS OF PARTICLES

APPLIED MECHANICS OF MACHINES

1. The 50-kg crate is stationary when the force P is applied. Determine the resulting acceleration of the crate if
(a) P = 0, (b) P = 150 N, and (c) P = 300 N.

2. Determine the initial acceleration of the 15-kg block if (a) T = 23 N and (b) T = 26 N. The system is initially at rest
with no slack in the cable, and the mass and friction of the pulleys are negligible.

3. The winch takes in cable at the rate of 200 mm ∕s, and this rate is momentarily increasing at 500 mm ∕s each
second. Determine the tensions in the three cables. Neglect the weights of the pulleys..

4. Determine the range of applied force P over which the block of mass m2 will not slip on the wedge-shaped
block of mass m1. Neglect friction associated with the wheels of the tapered block.

5. The sliders A and B are connected by a light rigid bar and move with negligible friction in the slots, both of
which lie in a horizontal plane. For the position shown, the hydraulic cylinder imparts a velocity and
acceleration to slider A of 0.4 m∕s and 2 m∕s2, respectively, both to the right. Determine the acceleration of
slider B and the force in the bar at this instant.
6. The rod of the fixed hydraulic cylinder is moving to the left with a speed of 100 mm ∕s, and this speed is
momentarily increasing at a rate of 400 mm ∕s each second at the instant when sA = 425 mm. Determine the
tension in the cord at that instant. The mass of slider B is 0.5 kg, the length of the cord is 1050 mm, and the
effects of the radius and friction of the small pulley at A are negligible. Find results for cases (a) negligible
friction at slider B and (b) 𝜇𝜇k = 0.40 at slider B. The action is in a vertical plane.

7. A 0.2-kg particle P is constrained to move along the vertical-plane circular slot of radius r = 0.5
m and is confined to the slot of arm OA, which rotates about a horizontal axis through O with a
constant angular rate 𝛺𝛺 = 3 rad ∕s. For the instant when 𝛽𝛽 = 20°, determine the force N exerted on
the particle by the circular constraint and the force R exerted on it by the slotted arm.

8. The slotted arm OA rotates about a fi xed axis through O. At the instant under consideration,
𝜃𝜃 = 30°, 𝜃𝜃̇ = 45 deg ∕s, and 𝜃𝜃̈= 20 deg ∕s2. Determine the forces ap-plied by both arm OA and the
sides of the slot to the 0.2-kg slider B. Neglect all friction, and let L = 0.6 m. The motion occurs
in a vertical plane.
 The configuration is now modified as shown in the figure below. Use all the data of the previous
problem and determine the forces applied to the slider B by both arm OA and the sides of the slot.
Neglect all friction.

9. A 2-kg sphere S is being moved in a vertical plane by a robotic arm. When the angle 𝜃𝜃 is 30°, the angular
velocity of the arm about a horizontal axis through O is 50 deg ∕s clockwise and its angular acceleration is
200 deg ∕s2 counterclockwise. In addition, the hydraulic element is being shortened at the constant rate of
500 mm ∕s. Determine the necessary minimum gripping force P if the coefficient of static friction between
the sphere and the gripping surfaces is 0.50. Compare P with the minimum gripping force Ps required to
hold the sphere in static equilibrium in the 30° position.

10. The 1500 kg car is traveling at 100 km/h on the straight portion of the road, and then its speed is reduced
uniformly from A to C, at which point it comes to rest. Compute the magnitude F of the total friction force
exerted by the road on the car (a) just before it passes point B, (b) just after it passes point B, and (c) just before
it stops at point C.

11. The slotted arm OB rotates in a horizontal plane about point O of the fixed circular cam with
constant angular velocity 𝜃𝜃˙ = 15 rad ∕s. The spring has a stiffness of 5 kN∕ m and is uncompressed
when 𝜃𝜃 = 0. The smooth roller A has a mass of 0.5 kg. Determine the normal force N which the
cam exerts on A and also the force R exerted on A by the sides of the slot when 𝜃𝜃 = 45°. All
surfaces are smooth. Neglect the small diameter of the roller.
12. The car is moving with a speed v0 = 65 km/h up the 6-percent grade, and the driver applies the
brakes at point A, causing all wheels to skid. The coefficient of kinetic friction for the rain-slicked
road is 𝜇𝜇k = 0.60. Determine the stopping distance sAB. Repeat your calculations for the case when
the car is moving downhill from B to A.

13. The collar of mass m is released from rest while in position A and subsequently travels with
negligible friction along the vertical-plane circular guide. Determine the nor-mal force (magnitude
and direction) exerted by the guide on the collar (a) just before the collar passes point B, (b) just
after the collar passes point B (i.e., the collar is now on the curved portion of the guide), (c) as the
collar passes point C, and (d) just before the collar passes point D. Use the values m = 0.4 kg, R =
1.2 m, and k = 200 N∕m. The unstretched length of the spring is 0.8R.

14. The small slider of mass m is released from rest while in position A and then slides along the vertical-plane
track. The track is smooth from A to D and rough (coefficient of kinetic friction 𝜇𝜇k) from point D on.
Determine (a) the normal force NB exerted by the track on the slider just after it passes point B, (b) the
normal force NC exerted by the track on the slider as it passes the bottom point C, and (c) the distance s
travelled along the incline past point D before the slider stops.
15. The two 0.2-kg sliders A and B are connected by a light rigid bar of length L = 0.5 m. If the system
is re-leased from rest while in the position shown with the spring undeformed, determine the
maximum compression 𝛿𝛿 of the spring. Note the presence of a constant 0.14-MPa air pressure acting
on one 500-mm2 side of slider A. Neglect friction. The motion occurs in a vertical plane.

16. The particle of mass m = 1.2 kg is attached to the end of the light rigid bar of length L = 0.6 m. The
system is released from rest while in the horizontal position shown, at which the torsional spring is
undeflected. The bar is then observed to rotate 30° before stopping momentarily. (a) Determine the
value of the torsional spring constant kT. (b) For this value of kT, determine the speed v of the particle
when 𝜃𝜃 = 15°.

17. The slider of mass m is released from rest in position A and slides without friction along the
vertical-plane guide shown. Determine the height h such that the normal force exerted by the
guide on the slider is zero as the slider passes point C. For this value of h, determine the normal
force as the slider passes point B.
18. Calculate the maximum velocity of slider B if the system is released from rest with x = y. Motion is
in the vertical plane. Assume that friction is negligible. The sliders have equal masses, and the motion
is restricted to y ≥ 0.

19. The system is at rest with the spring unstretched when 𝜃𝜃 = 0. The 3-kg particle is then given a slight
nudge to the right. (a) If the system comes to momentary rest at 𝜃𝜃 = 40°, determine the spring constant
k. (b) For the value k = 100 N∕m, find the speed of the particle when 𝜃𝜃 = 25°. Use the value b = 0.40
m throughout and neglect friction.

20. The slider of mass m1 is released from rest in the position shown and then slides down the right side
of the contoured body of mass m2. For the conditions m1 = 0.50 kg, m2 = 3 kg, and r = 0.25 m,
determine the absolute velocities of both masses at the instant of separation. Neglect friction.

21. The collar of mass m slides on the rough horizontal shaft under the action of the force F of constant
magnitude F ≤ mg but variable direction. If 𝜃𝜃 = kt where k is a constant, and if the collar has a speed
v1 to the right when 𝜃𝜃 = 0, determine the velocity v2 of the collar when 𝜃𝜃 reaches 90°. Also determine
the value of F which renders v2 = v1.
22. The 50-kg block is stationary at time t = 0, and then it is subjected to the force P shown. Note that the force
is zero for all times beyond t = 15 sec. Determine the velocity v of the block at time t = 15 sec. Also calculate
the time t at which the block again comes to rest.

23. The baseball is traveling with a horizontal velocity of 135 km/h just before impact with the bat. Just after
the impact, the velocity of the 146-g ball is 130 210 km/h directed at 35° to the horizontal as shown.
Determine the x- and y- components of the average force R exerted by the bat on the baseball during the
0.005-sec impact. Comment on the treatment of the weight of the baseball (a) during the impact and (b)
over the first few seconds after impact.

24. The wad of clay A is projected as shown at the same instant that cylinder B is released. The two bodies
collide and stick together at C and then ultimately strike the hori-zontal surface at D. Determine the
horizontal distance d. Use the values v0 = 12 m ∕s, 𝜃𝜃 = 40°, L = 6 m, mA = 0.1 kg, and mB = 0.2 kg.

25. Two barges, each with a displacement (mass) of 500 Mg, are loosely moored in calm water. A stunt driver
starts his 1500 kg car from rest at A, drives along the deck, and leaves the end of 15º ramp at a speed of 50
km/h relative to the barge and ramp. The driver successfully jumps the gap and brings his car to rest relative
to the barge 2 at B. Calculate the velocity 𝑣𝑣2 imparted to barge 2 just after the car has come to rest on the
barge. Neglect the resistance of the water to motion at low velocities involved.

26. A particle of mass m is released from rest in position A and then slides down the smooth vertical-plane
track. Determine its angular momentum about both points A and D (a) as it passes position B and (b) as it
passes position C.
27. he assembly of two 5-kg spheres is rotating freely about the vertical axis at 40 rev∕min with
𝜃𝜃 = 90°. If the force F which maintains the given position is increased to raise the base collar and
reduce 𝜃𝜃 to 60°, determine the new angular velocity 𝜔𝜔. Also determine the work U done by F in
changing the configuration of the system. Assume that the mass of the arms and collars is
negligible.

28. To pass inspection, steel balls designed for use in ball bearings must clear the fixed bar A at the top of their
rebound when dropped from rest through the vertical distance H = 900 mm. onto the heavy inclined steel
plate. If balls which have a coefficient of restitution of less than 0.7 with the rebound plate are to be rejected,
determine the position of the bar by specifying h and s. Neglect any friction during impact.

29. Determine the coefficient of restitution e which will allow the ball to bounce down the steps as shown. The
tread and riser dimensions, d and h, respectively, are the same for every step, and the ball bounces the same
distance h′ above each step. What horizontal velocity vx is re-quired so that the ball lands in the center of
each tread?
 30. A child throws a ball from point A with a speed of 15 m/s. It strikes the wall at point B and then
returns exactly to point A. Determine the necessary angle 𝛼𝛼 if the coefficient of restitution in the wall
impact is e = 0.5.

31. A small ball is projected horizontally as shown and bounces at point A. Determine the range of initial speed
v0 for which the ball will ultimately land on the horizontal surface at B. The coefficient of restitution at A
is e = 0.8 and the distance d = 4 m.

32. A projectile is launched from B with a speed of 2000 m ∕s at an angle 𝛼𝛼 of 30° with the horizontal as shown.
Determine the maximum altitude hmax.
33. In 1995 a spacecraft called the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) was placed into a circular orbit
about the sun and inside that of the earth as shown. Determine the distance h so that the period of the
spacecraft orbit will match that of the earth, with the result that the spacecraft will remain between the
earth and the sun in a “halo” orbit.

34. At the instant represented in the figure, a small experimental satellite A is ejected from the shuttle
orbiter with a velocity vr = 100 m ∕s relative to the shuttle, directed toward the center of the earth.
The shuttle is in a circular orbit of altitude h = 200 km. For the resulting elliptical orbit of the satellite,
determine the semimajor axis and its orientation, the period 𝜏𝜏, eccentricity e, apogee speed va, perigee
speed vp, rmax, and rmin. Sketch the satellite orbit.

35. The satellite has a velocity at B of 3200 m ∕s in the direction indicated. Determine the angle 𝛽𝛽 which
locates the point C of impact with the earth.

36. The block of mass m is attached to the frame by the spring of stiffness k and moves horizontally with
negligible friction within the frame. The frame and block are initially at rest with x = x0, the
uncompressed length of the spring. If the frame is given a constant acceleration a0, determine the
maximum velocity 𝑥𝑥̇ max = (vrel)max of the block relative to the frame.
37. The ball A of mass 10 kg is attached to the light rod of length l = 0.8 m. The mass of the carriage
alone is 250 kg, and it moves with an acceleration aO as shown. If 𝜃𝜃̇ = 3 rad ∕s when 𝜃𝜃 = 90°, find the
kinetic energy T of the system if the carriage has a velocity of 0.8 m ∕s (a) in the direction of aO and
(b) in the direction opposite to aO. Treat the ball as a particle.

Consider the system of previous problem where the mass of the ball is m = 10 kg and the length of
the light rod is l = 0.8 m. The ball–rod assembly is free to rotate about a vertical axis through O. The
carriage, rod, and ball are initially at rest with 𝜃𝜃 = 0 when the carriage is given a constant acceleration
aO = 3 m ∕s2. Write an expression for the tension T in the rod as a function of 𝜃𝜃 and calculate T for the
position 𝜃𝜃 = 𝜋𝜋 ∕2.

38. The 200-kg glider B is being towed by airplane A, which is fl ying horizontally with a constant speed
of 220 km ∕ h. The tow cable has a length r = 60 m and may be assumed to form a straight line. The
glider is gaining altitude and when 𝜃𝜃 reaches 15°, the angle is increasing at the constant rate 𝜃𝜃̇ = 5
deg ∕s. At the same time the tension in the tow cable is 1520 N for this position. Calculate the
aerodynamic lift L and drag D acting on the glider.

39. A slider C has a speed of 3 m∕s as it passes point A of the guide, which lies in a horizontal plane. The
coefficient of kinetic friction between the slider and the guide is 𝜇𝜇k = 0.60. Compute the tangential
deceleration at of the slider just after it passes point A if (a) the slider hole and guide cross section
are both circular and (b) the slider hole and guide cross section are both square. In case (b), the sides
of the square are vertical and horizontal. Assume a slight clearance between the slider and the guide.

40. A short train consists of a 200 Mg locomotive and three 100 Mg hopper cars. The locomotive exerts
a constant friction force of 200 kN on the rails as the train starts from rest. (a) If there is 300 mm of
slack in each of the three couplers before the train begins moving, estimate the speed v of the train
just after car C begins to move. Slack removal is a plastic short-duration impact. Neglect all friction
except that of the locomotive tractive force and neglect the tractive force during the short time
duration of the impacts associated with the slack removal. (b) If there is no slack in the train couplers,
determine the speed v′ which is acquired when the train has moved 900 mm.
41. A long fly ball strikes the wall at point A (where e1 = 0.5) and then hits the ground at B (where e2 =
0.3). The outfielder likes to catch the ball when it is 1.2 m above the ground and 0.6 m in front of
him as shown. Determine the distance x from the wall where he can catch the ball as described. Note
the two possible solutions.