BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 2 Envelope Systems

BUILDING COMPONENT SYSTEMS - the shell or the envelope of the

building consisting of roof,
Building Systems
exterior walls, doors & windows
Structural System (fenestration)
- also includes the interior walls
1. Foundation/Subgrade (SITE) that enclose interior spaces
2. Superstructure (STRUCTURE) o protection from the
Enclosure System weather, moisture, heat
and air flow
1. Exterior Envelope (SKIN) o reduction of noise from the
2. Interior Partitions (SPACE PLAN) exterior
Mechanical System o provides security and
privacy
1. Mechanical Systems (SERVICES) o doors allow for physical
2. Furnishings (STUFF) access
o windows provide light, air,
and vistas
Structural Systems o interior walls and partitions
subdivide the building into
- must be designed and
smaller usable spaces
constructed to support & transmit
all loads (live load & dead load)
safely to the ground
Building Envelope
Superstructure

- part of the building above the

foundation; visible above the
ground

Substructure
- comprised of the foundation Electrical & Mechanical Systems
system and other enclosures
- provides power & services to the
found below ground.
building
Structural Members - plumbing system includes water
supply for drinking, bathing and.
- footings, columns, beams, and
other uses, as well as drainage
load-bearing walls that support and sanitary lines to dispose of
the superstructure, etc. liquid and organic wastes
- heating (in cold climates),
ventilation & air-conditioning or
HVAC systems provide indoor
comfort
 - electrical systems control & o Schedule of Columns,
distribute power Schedule of Beams
- optional systems: o Columns, Beams (including
o conveying systems (e.g. Roof Beams), and Slab
escalators and elevators) Details
o fire-fighting systems o Stair Structural Details
o monitoring & automation o Steel Construction Details
systems108:12 PM (e.g. jointing, welding,
etc.)
o Roof Framing & Truss
Working Drawings Details
o Structural Details for
Architectural Drawings Special Construction (e.g.
- as per RA9266, must be signed by Shear Walls, Retaining
a Registered & Licensed Walls, etc.)
Architect
o Vicinity Map, Lot Plan (c/o
Geodetic Engineer) & Site Electrical Drawings
Development Plan
- must be signed by a Professional
o Perspective Drawings
Electrical Engineer (PEE)
o Floor Plans, Elevations
o Specifications &
(Exterior & Interior),
Construction Notes
Sections
o Vicinity Map
o Reflected Ceiling Plan
o Power Supply Layout
o Architectural Details (Stair
o Lighting & Switching
Details, Special
Layout
Construction)
o Schedule of Loads, Single
o Cabinetry and Fixture
Line Diagram & Riser
Details
Diagram (if required)
o Schedule of Doors,
o Details for Special
Schedule of Windows
Electrical Installations (e.g.
o Floor Patterns & Schedule
Gas/Diesel Generator,
of Finishes
Solar Power System,
Automatic Transfer Switch,
etc.)
Structural Drawings

- ideally signed by a structural

engineer, not a civil engineer Plumbing Drawings
o General Construction
- a Sanitary Engineer is required to
Notes, Foundation Plan &
sign when sanitary water
Footing Details
treatment facilities are involved;
o Tie Beams, Ground Beams,
Master Plumbers are allowed to
Wall Footing Details
 sign all plumbing systems, o Electronic Security Systems
regardless of building height o LAN & other networking
o Specifications & Systems
Construction Notes o Plans & Details for Other
o Vicinity Map Electronic &
o Storm Drainage System, Communications
Catch Basin Details Installations
o Water Supply Layout
o Sanitary Layout, Septic
Tank Details, Grease DESIGN REFRESHER
Interceptor Details
o Water Storage System Development Controls
Details (Cistern & - the body of national and local
Overhead) laws and the pertinent executive
o Isometry, Other related issuances that altogether limit the
details building bulk for any
o Swimming pool supply & building/structure
discharge (if used) - determines the "Development
Potential"

Mechanical Drawings

- to be signed by a Professional Total Lot Area (TLA)

Mechanical Engineer - total surface area of a
o Specifications & lot/property as generally
Construction Notes determined by the lengths of its
o Fire Suppression System frontage, sides, and rear with
o Fire Pump Distribution area measurement taken at a
System common right angle
o Plans & Details for HVAC
Systems
o Plans & Details for Boilers & Percentage Of Site Occupancy (PSO)
Heated Water Systems
o Plans & Details for - percentage of the maximum
Elevators, Escalators, and allowable enclosed floor area of
other Conveying Systems any building in relation to the TLA
o Plans & Details for Other - may be expressed as Allowable
Mechanical Maximum Building Footprint
(AMBF)

Electrical & Communications Drawings

Impervious Surface Area (ISA)
- to be signed by an Electronics &
Communications Engineer - percentage of the maximum
o CCTV system allowable floor area of any
 paved, tiled, or hardscaped Yard
surface at grade level in relation
- an area of land next to buildings
to the TLA
used for a particular purpose;
space created by the setback
Unpaved Surface Area (USA)

- portion of the lot that shall remain Easement

unpaved & reserved for
- a real right constituted in another
softscaping/planting
person's property, corporeal and
immovable, by virtue of which
the owner of the same has to
Total Open Space Within Lot (TOSL)
abstain from doing or to allow
- combined ISA and USA expressed somebody else to do something
in percentage of TLA in his property for the benefit of
another thing or person

Maximum Allowable Construction Area

(MACA) Building Height Limit (BHL)

- total area where construction - maximum height to be allowed

may be allowed for a building/structure based on
- MACA = AMBF + ISA their proposed use or
- MACA = TLATOSL + ISA occupancy.
- MACA = TLA - USA

Gross Floor Area (GFA)

- total floor space within the

perimeter of the permanent
external building walls (inclusive
of main and auxiliary buildings)
such as office areas, residential
areas. corridors, lobbies and
mezzanine levels. The GFA shall
also include building projections
Setback
within the building/structure (e.g.
- the horizontal distance measured balconies). The GFA excludes the
90° from the outermost face of following:
the building/structure to the o covered area used for
property lines parking and driveways,
services & utilities.
o vertical penetrations in
parking floors where no
 residential or office units
are present, and
o uncovered areas for
helipads, air-conditioning
cooling towers or ACCU
balconies, overhead
water tanks, roof decks,
laundry areas and cages,
wading or swimming pools,
Vertical
whirlpools or Jacuzzis,
terraces, gardens, courts - Apartment Buildings
or plazas, balconies, o a group of apartment units
exceeding ten (10.0) sqm, clustered together in one
fire escape structures and building
the like o technically, a residential
condominium is an
apartment building
Residential Buildings o a condominium is just an
apartment building with
Development types upgraded amenities
Horizontal

- Subdivisions
o aka parcellization is the
act of dividing land into
pieces that are easier to
sell or otherwise develop
o a residential subdivision is
the most common type of
development in the Housing Types
Philippines Detached House or Single Detached
Housing

- a house that is completely

surrounded by yards and open
spaces
- parking space is provided within
the lot itself

Zero Lot Line or Single Attached Housing

- a house that is NOT attached to

another unit, but is "attached" to
the property line on one side,
 serving as firewall while the other R2 Dwellings
sides are surrounded by yards or
- Density: Medium-Density
open spaces
- Building Types: Duplexes & Low-
rise Blocks
Duplex or Semi-attached Housing

- a house that abuts another Basic R2

house on one side, while the rest
- Dominant Building Type:
of its sides being surrounded by
o Duplex
yards or open spaces
o 1 to 3 storeys in height
- parking is provided within the lot
o Multiple Dwelling Unit
itself

R3 Zone
Townhouse
- Density: High Density Residential
- 3 or more housing units (up to 3
- Building Types:
storeys in height) abutting each
o Rowhouses
other on at least 2 of their sides;
o Medium-Rise Apartment
each unit is separated by a
Building
firewall
- usually associated with the
middle-income to high-income
groups Section 704
- parking is provided within the lot

Rowhouse

- very similar to a townhouse,

except there is no provision for
parking within the lot

Planning Requirements Setback Requirements

R1 Zone

- Density: Low-Density.
- Building Types: Single Detached
Dwellings
- Locations: Executive villages and
Exclusive subdivisions