TREHALOSE
New specifications prepared at the 55th JECFA (2000) and published in
FNP 52 Add 8 (2000). An ADI "not specified" was established at the 55th
JECFA (2000).
SYNONYMS alpha,alpha-trehalose
DEFINITION A non-reducing disaccharide consisting of two glucose moieties joined
together by an alpha-1,1 glucosidic bond. It is made from liquefied starch by
a multistep enzymatic process. The commercial product is the dihydrate.
Chemical names alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, dihydrate
C.A.S. number 6138-23-4
Chemical formula C12H22O11 · 2H2O
Structural formula
Formula weight 378.33
Assay Not less than 98% on the dry basis
DESCRIPTION White or almost white crystals
FUNCTIONAL USES Texturizer, stabilizer, humectant, sweetener
CHARACTERISTICS
IDENTIFICATION
Solubility (Vol. 4) Soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol
Specific rotation (Vol. 4) alpha (20, D): +199° (5% aqueous solution)
Melting point (Vol. 4) 97°
PURITY
Loss on drying (Vol. 4) Not more than1.5% (60°, 5h)
Total ash (Vol. 4) Not more than 0.05%
Lead (Vol. 4) Not more than 1mg/kg
Determine using an atomic absorption technique appropriate to the
specified level. The selection of sample size and method of sample
preparation may be based on the principles of the method described in
Volume 4, “Instrumental Methods.”
METHOD OF Determine by liquid chromatography using the following conditions.
ASSAY
Sample preparation
Weigh accurately about 3g of dry sample into a 100ml volumetric flask and
add about 80 ml of deionized water. Bring sample to complete dissolution
and dilute to mark with deionized water. Filter through a 0.45 micron filter.
Preparation of standard solution
Dissolve accurately weighed quantities of dry standard reference trehalose
(available from Hayashibara Co., Ltd, 2-3 Shimoishii 1-chome, Okayama
700, Japan) in water to obtain a solution having known concentration of
about 30 mg of trehalose per ml.
Apparatus
Liquid chromatograph equipped with a refractive index detector and an
integrating recorder.
Conditions
Column and packing : Shodex Ionpack KS-801 or equivalent
-length : 300mm
-diameter : 10mm
-temperature : 50°C
Mobile phase : water
Flow rate : 0.4 ml/min
Injection volume : 8µl
Procedure
Separately inject equal volumes of the sample solution and the standard
solution into the chromatograph. Record the chromatograms and measure
the response of the trehalose peak. Calculate the quantity in mg of
trehalose in 1 ml of the sample solution by the following formula:
% trehalose = 100 x (RU /RS) (Ws/WU)
where
RS = Peak area of trehalose in the standard preparation
RU = Peak area of trehalose in the sample preparation
WS = Weight in mg of trehalose in the standard preparation
WU = Weight of dry sample in mg