Class: XII
Subject: Mathematics
Relations
S. No.
1 Let A = {1, 2, 3}. Then number of relations containing (1, 2) and
(1, 3) which are reflexive and symmetric but not transitive is.
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4.
2 Let A = {1, 2, 3}. Then number of equivalence relations
containing (1, 2) is.
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
3 Let T be the set of all triangles in the Euclidean plane, and let a
relation R on T
be defined as aRb if a is congruent to b " a, b ∈T. Then R is
(A) reflexive but not transitive (B) transitive but not
symmetric
(C) equivalence (D) none of these
4 Consider the non-empty set consisting of children in a family
and a relation R
defined as aRb if a is brother of b. Then R is
(A) symmetric but not transitive (B) transitive but not
symmetric
(C) neither symmetric nor transitive (D) both symmetric and
transitive
5 The maximum number of equivalence relations on the set A =
{1, 2, 3} are
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 5
6 If a relation R on the set {1, 2, 3} be defined by R = {(1, 2)}, then
R is
(A) reflexive (B) transitive
(C) symmetric (D) none of these
7 Let A = {1, 2, 3} and consider the relation
R = {1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3), (1,3)}.
Then R is
(A) reflexive and transitive but not symmetric
(B) reflexive but not transitive
(C) symmetric and transitive (D) neither symmetric, nor
transitive
8 If R1 and R2 are equivalence relations in a set A, show that
R1∩ R2 is also, an equivalence relation.
9 Let R be a relation on the set A of ordered pairs of positive
integers defined by (x, y) R (u, v) if and only if xv = yu. Show that
R is an equivalence relation.
10 Let X = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}. Let R1 be a relation in X given.
by R1 = {(x, y): x – y is divisible by 3} and R2 be another relation
on X given by R2 = {(x, y): {x, y} ⊆ {1, 4, 7}} or {x, y}⊆ {2, 5, 8}
or {x, y} ⊆ {3, 6, 9}}. Show that.
R1 = R2.
11 Given a non-empty set X, consider P(X) which is the set of all
subsets of X. Define the relation R in P(X) as follows:
For subsets A, B in P(X), ARB if and only if A ⊆ B. Is R an
equivalence relation on P(X)? Justify your answer
12 Let A = {0, 1, 2, 3} and define a relation R on A as follows:
R = {(0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 3), (1, 0), (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 0), (3, 3)}.
Is R reflexive? symmetric? transitive?
13 For the set A = {1, 2, 3}, define a relation R in the set A as
follows:R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 3)}.Write the ordered pairs to
be added to R to make it the smallest equivalence relation.
14 Let R be the equivalence relation in the set Z of integers given
by R = {(a, b) : 2 divides a – b}. Write the equivalence class [0].
15 In the set of natural numbers N, define a relation R as follows:
"n, m ∈N, n R m if on division by 5 each of the integer’s n and m
leaves the same remainder less than 5, i.e. one of the numbers
0, 1, 2, 3 and 4. Show that R is equivalence relation.
Also, obtain the pairwise disjoint subsets determined by R.
16 Let A = {a, b, c} and the relation R be defined on A as follows:
R = {(a, a), (b, c), (a, b)}.
Then, write minimum number of ordered pairs to be added in R
to make R
reflexive and transitive.
17 Let n be a fixed positive integer. Define a relation R in Z as
follows: " a, b ∈Z, aRb if and only if a – b is divisible by n .
Show that R is an equivalence relation.
18 If A = {1, 2, 3, 4 }, define relations on A which have properties of
being:
(a) reflexive, transitive but not symmetric
(b) symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive
(c) reflexive, symmetric and transitive
19 Let R be relation defined on the set of natural number N as
follows:
R = {(x, y): x∈N, y∈N, 2x + y = 41}. Find the domain and range
of the
relation R. Also verify whether R is reflexive, symmetric and
transitive.
20 Let A = {1, 2, 3, ... 9} and R be the relation in A × A defined by
(a, b) R (c, d) if
a + d = b + c for (a, b), (c, d) in A ×´A. Prove that R is an
equivalence relation
and also obtain the equivalence class [(2, 5)].
21 Let R be the relation on NXN defined by (a,b) R (c,d) if
ad(b+c)=bc(a+d) . Check whether it is a equivalence relation.
22 Let R : {1,2,3,4,5}→{1,2,3,4,5} such that
R={(𝑎, 𝑏): |𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 | < 8}.Check R for equivalence relation also
define R.
23 For real numbers x and y , define xRy if and only if x-y+√2 is an
irrational number. Check R for reflexive ,symmetric and
transitive.
24 Let 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 1 + 𝑎𝑏 > 0 ∶ 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅} . Check R for reflexive
,symmetric and transitive.
25 Let 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎2 − 4𝑎𝑏 + 3𝑏 2 = 0: 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅} . Check R for
reflexive ,symmetric and transitive.
26 Mohit is pursuing his B.B.A. course from a reputed institute.
For his college project, he visited two societies in
Gurugram and prepared the lists of school going kids from
the two societies. Let
𝐴 = {𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 , 𝑎4 , 𝑎5 }and 𝐵 = {𝑏1 , 𝑏2 , 𝑏3 , 𝑏4 }be the sets of
school going students of societies 𝑆1and 𝑆2 respectively.
Using the above information, answer the following questions:
(i) Find the number of relations from set 𝐴to set 𝐵.
(ii) Find the number of symmetric relations on set 𝐵.
(iii) Find the number of relations on set 𝐴which are not
reflexive.
(iv) Determine the nature of the relation
𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 and 𝑏 are students of the same age}on set 𝐴.
State whether it is reflexive, symmetric, transitive, or an
equivalence relation (justify your answer).
27 Priya and Surya are playing monopoly in their house during
COVID. While rolling a die, their mother Chandrika noted that
the possible outcomes of each throw belong to the set
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Let 𝐴 denote the set of players and 𝐵 denote the
set of all possible outcomes.
Thus,
𝐴 = {𝑃, 𝑆}and 𝐵 = {1,2,3,4,5,6}.
Answer the following:
(i) Let 𝑅: 𝐵 → 𝐵be defined by
𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏):both 𝑎 and 𝑏 are either odd or even}.
Determine whether 𝑅 is reflexive, symmetric, and
transitive.
(ii) Find the number of equivalence relations on set 𝐴.
(iii) Find the number of symmetric relations on set 𝐵.
28 An organization conducted a bike race under two different
categories – boys and girls. There were 250 participants in total.
Among them, finally three boys and two girls were selected for
the final race. Ravi forms two sets 𝐵 and 𝐺 with these
participants for his college project.
Let
𝐵 = {𝑏1 , 𝑏2 , 𝑏3 }and 𝐺 = {𝑔1 , 𝑔2 },
where 𝐵 represents the set of boys selected and 𝐺 represents
the set of girls selected for the final race.
Answer the following:
(i) Find the total number of relations possible from set
𝐵to set 𝐺.
(ii) Let 𝑅: 𝐵 → 𝐵 be defined by
𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 and 𝑦 are students of the same gender}.
Determine the nature of the relation 𝑅.
(iii) Find the number of reflexive relations defined on set 𝐺.
(iv) Find the number of non-reflexive relations on set 𝐵.
(v) Find the number of equivalence relations on set 𝐺.
29 Students of Grade 9 planned to plant saplings along straight
lines parallel to each other on one side of the playground,
ensuring that they had enough play area. Let us assume that
they planted one of the rows of saplings along the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 4.
Let 𝐿be the set of all lines on the ground and 𝑅be a relation on
𝐿.
Answer the following using the above information:
(i) Let the relation 𝑅be defined by
𝑅 = {(𝐿1 , 𝐿2 ): 𝐿1 ∥ 𝐿2 , where 𝐿1 , 𝐿2 ∈ 𝐿}.
Determine the nature of the relation 𝑅(i.e., check whether it is
reflexive, symmetric, and transitive, and justify your answer).
(ii) Let
𝑅 = {(𝐿1 , 𝐿2 ): 𝐿1 ⊥ 𝐿2 , where 𝐿1 , 𝐿2 ∈ 𝐿}.
Examine whether the relation 𝑅 is reflexive, symmetric, and
transitive. Give reasons for your answer.
(iii) Let 𝑅 = {(𝐿1 , 𝐿2 ): 𝐿1 is parallel to 𝐿2 and 𝐿1 : 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 4}.
Find all possible equations of lines that can represent 𝐿2 .
(iv) Let 𝑅 = {(𝐿1 , 𝐿2 ): 𝐿1 is parallel to 𝐿2 }be a relation on the set
𝐿.
If (𝐿1 , 𝐿2 ) ∈ 𝑅and 𝐿1 : 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 2, find all possible equations of
lines that can represent 𝐿2 .
(v) Let 𝑅 = {(𝐿1 , 𝐿2 ): 𝐿1 ⊥ 𝐿2 , where 𝐿1 , 𝐿2 ∈ 𝐿}be a relation on 𝐿.
If 𝐿2 : 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 1 = 0, find all possible equations of lines that can
represent 𝐿1 .
(vi) Let 𝑅 = {(𝐿1 , 𝐿2 ): 𝐿1 ∥ 𝐿2 , where 𝐿1 , 𝐿2 ∈ 𝐿}be an equivalence
relation on 𝐿.
Find the equivalence class of the line 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1.