Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
NOTE: Avoid one-sentence and one-whole-page paragraphs.
Rationale (observe the 5-year recency rule for authors; maximum of 2.5 pages)
1st Paragraph: Introduction to the Topic (minimum of two authors)
➢ Introduce the general topic of the research.
➢ Explain its relevance in an academic, scientific, or practical setting.
➢ Clearly state the main variable.
2nd Paragraph: Problematic Issues in the Global Setting (minimum of two authors)
➢ Present global trends or challenges related to the main variable, connecting potential
causes related to the moderator variable.
➢ Use international statistics, studies, or reports to support claims.
3rd Paragraph: Problematic Issues in the National Setting (minimum of two authors)
➢ Discuss how the issue manifests in the country.
➢ Provide national data, policies, or research findings related to the variables.
4th Paragraph: Problematic Issues in the Local Setting (minimum of two authors)
➢ Narrow the discussion to a specific region, city, or school.
➢ Provide local data or anecdotal evidence related to the research problem.
5th Paragraph: Research Gap, Sense of Urgency, and Dissemination Plan (optional author)
➢ Identify the gap in literature—what previous studies have not addressed.
➢ Explain why it is urgent to study the issue now.
➢ Describe how the findings will be disseminated (e.g., to educators, policymakers).
Research Objective
The purpose of this study is to formulate an intervention program based from the findings
of the study. More explicitly, the study seeks to answer the following objectives:
1. to describe the level of the insert main variable of insert respondents;
2. to test the significant different on the level of the insert main variable when analyzed by
insert moderator variable; and
3. to formulate an intervention program based from the findings of the study.
Hypothesis
The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference on the level of the insert main
variable when analyzed by insert moderator variable will be tested at .05 level of significance
set in this study.
Review of Related Literature
(empirical evidence only; 80% must observe 5-year recency rule, and 20% may follow 10-
year recency rule)
Short introductory statement.
Subheadings must observe 5 single spaces:
First subheading: Main Variable (5 pages of literature and studies)
Second subheading: Moderator Variable (5 pages of literature and studies)
Third subheading: Intervention Program (5 pages concepts and principles of intervention
program)
Theoretical Framework
1st Paragraph: Theory 1 must show the underlying theories/principles/concepts of the
main variable.
2nd Paragraph: Shows various pronouncements from different authors that exhibit
support to the main theory espoused in the study.
Conceptual Framework
Describe and explain the direction of the arrows and the variables considered in the
figure. The figure must be presented in one whole page.
insert main variable Intervention
Program
insert moderator variable
Figure 1. The Conceptual Framework of the Study
Significance of the Study
Paragraph 1: Provide an overview of the potential beneficiaries of the current study.
Paragraph 2: Discuss in detail the benefits that can be obtained from this study. Make
sure to highlight the advantages for each beneficiary.
Definition of Terms
The following terms shown in the research title are conceptually and operationally
defined to provide a clear understanding to the readers:
Insert Main Variable – define main variable with authors (conceptual with authors).
Define main variable as used in the study (operational).
Insert Respondents – define respondents as used in the study (operational).
Intervention Program – define intervention program with authors (conceptual with
authors). Define intervention program as used in the study (operational).
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Chapter 2
METHOD
Short introductory statement.
Research Design
➢ 1st paragraph presents the nature of non-experimental quantitative research
design (with authors).
➢ 2nd paragraph shows the importance of descriptive-comparative which will be
used in the present study.
➢ 3rd paragraph is the personal account of the researcher that demonstrates good
explanation of why the researcher utilizes non-experimental quantitative research
design using descriptive-comparative analysis.
Research Respondents
➢ Specify the respondents of the study
➢ Sampling design (with authors)
➢ Number of samples and justification (with authors)
➢ Inclusion criteria
➢ Exclusion criteria
Research Locale
➢ Description of the place where the study is conducted
Research Instrument
➢ Description of instrument
➢ Sources of survey questionnaires for main variable (with
indicators/authors/designer of the SQ). SQ without indicators must have at least
20-items
➢ Scale of each variable (Use 4-point Likert’s scale)
➢ Provide the scale table for main variable only
Data Collection
➢ Detailed explanation on how to collect the data, permission to conduct study,
analysis, and interpretation of the findings.
Statistical Tools
➢ Mean and standard deviation for research objectives 1
➢ T-test or ANOVA for research objective 2
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Chapter 3
RESULTS
Short introductory statement.
Level of Insert Moderator Variable
➢ Interpret the table 1, highlight overall results.
➢ Continue interpretation from highest to lowest mean and standard deviation.
Significance on the Difference of Insert Main Variable when Analyzed by Insert
Moderator Variable
➢ Interpret table 2, highlight rejection or acceptance of the null hypothesis.
➢ Indicate the implication of results.
Intervention Program
➢ Interpret table 3
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Chapter 4
DISCUSSION
Short introductory statement.
Level of Insert Main Variable
➢ Paragraph 1: State the overall result for main variable based on Table 1. Support the
result with at least 2 authors from the RRL.
➢ Paragraph 2: State the line item with the highest mean from Table 1. Support the item
with at least 2 authors from the RRL.
➢ Paragraph 3: State the line item with the lowest mean from Table 1. Support the item
with at least 2 authors from the RRL.
Significance on the Difference of Insert Main Variable when Analyzed by Insert
Moderator Variable
➢ Paragraph 1: State the overall result on the difference of the level of the main variable
when analyzed by moderator variable on Table 2. Support the result with at least 2
authors from the RRL.
Intervention Program
➢ Paragraph 1: Explain the importance, benefits, and advantages of the designed
intervention program and how the program addresses the findings of the study. Support
the explanation with at least 2 authors from the RRL.
Conclusion
➢ Provide concluding remarks based from the order of the research objectives in the
preceding chapters.
Recommendation
➢ Provide recommendation to the potential beneficiaries based from the order of the
conclusions. Check the beneficiaries from the Significance section in Chapter 1.
_____________________________________________
References (Use 7th edition of APA format)
Example for Books:
Diamante, R. (2021). Online course pack making techniques: A guide to curricular planning.
Mutya House Publishing, ISBN No.123456, Davao City, Philippines.
Example for Journals:
Diamante, R. (2021). The academic journey of working students: Along the threshold of hope.
Philippine Association for Teachers and Educators, 4(2), 23-45.
Example for Unpublished Theses:
Almonicar, R. A. (2024). Lexical competence and language writing interest on the business
letter writing skills of business administration students. [Unpublished undergraduate
thesis]. St. John Paul II College of Davao, College of Teacher Education.