In the classical work of Dante Aligheri, “Devine Comedy”, he

identified the seven deadly vices or sins which as follows:

CDI 7- VICE AND DRUG EDUCATION AND CONTROL
Pride. This refers to an excessive love of one’s self.
CHAPTER I
Envy. This refers to the resentment of other for their worldly
VICE AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE
possessions.
INTRODUCTION
Wrath. This refers to one’s feelings of hatred, revenge, or
Vice refers to any immoral conduct or habit, the indulgence of anger towards another person.
which leads to depravity, wickedness, and corruption of the
Sloth. Also refers to laziness, this is like idleness or wasting
mind and body. Also, these are any bad habits that pleasure
one’s time doing unproductive things.
to yet causes bad effects on the person who practices them.
Some examples of vices are smoking, alcohol drinking, drug Avarice. This refers to the desire to possess more than what is
use, and sex. needed. This is also a desire to own excessive amounts of
material things.
Hence, one must learn about vices as this will help everyone
to know what influences the person to practice these habits Gluttony. This refers to the desire to engage in
which are considered as vices. Also, to determine what are its overindulgence in drinks, intoxicants, and food.
negative effects and how to prevent people from developing
Lust. This refers to one’s excessive sexual desires.
these habits or practices. Thus, this module will discuss the
nature and elements of vices, the moral and ethical THE MOST COMMON VICES
perspective of vices, and why vices an interest in law
enforcement. Additionally, the implication of vices and Apart from the classical definition of “vice”, there are also
government agencies and programs against illegal vices are other forms of vices existing throughout the world. Some of it
included in the lesson. are the following:

OBJECTIVES 1. Smoking. Smoking is the act of inhaling the fumes

from a burning substance, usually tobacco.
After studying the chapter, the students should have: 2. Alcohol. It is one of the oldest intoxicants known to
man. The term “alcoholism” refers to problems
1. Define the term vice.
related to alcohol consumption. Generally, it is used
2. Enumerate the forms of vices.
to refer to the uncontrolled and compulsive
3. Determine the major examples and effects of vices.
consumption of alcoholic drinks in a way that is
4. Discuss the main contents of Republic Acts enacted
detrimental to the well-being of the drinker as it
to regulate vice-related activities.
affects one’s health, social standing, work, and
5. Briefly describe the main contents of Presidential
personal relationship.
Decrees promulgated to regulate vice-related
3. Gambling. It refers to the act of betting of money on
activities
an event with an uncertain outcome, guided by the
6. Form an opinion regarding the effectiveness of these
intent of winning additional money from what has
laws in curbing vice-related criminal activities.
been initially staked.
4. Prostitution. It is an act or practice of a woman,
man, or child who indulges habitually or engages in
Lesson 1-WHAT IS VICE? WHAT ARE THE COMMON VICES?
sexual intercourse for money or profit.
The word “vice” is derived from the Latin word vitium, which
Moreover, as a social problem, vice control must be
means “failure” or “defeat.” A vice is a habitual practice that is
coordinated effort of the government, the family, the
considered sinful or degrading within a society. It can also
community, the school system, the church, mass media and
refer to a negative character trait or an unhealthy habit like
civic groups who must actively campaign for the suppression
excessive smoking, drinking of alcohol, and gambling.
of vices in society. The government by means of police power
Law enforcement, it refers to criminal activities related to serving as an effective agency of control must embark on
gambling, alcohol, illegal drugs, prostitution, pornography, repressive measures against vice maintainers. The community
and the like, and crimes related to. members as a whole must make an effort to attain moral
education and economic upliftment through civic mindedness exclusion of physical health and interests of family
and voluntary participation. and society in general.

Thus, the study of vice is significant because of its persistence

and continued presence in our society. They tend to affect MOTIVES OF DRINKING
directly and indirectly the daily lives of the people in the
 Traditional Status Dietary Social
community. Since its effects are harmful and disastrous orally,
 Shortcut to adulthood Ritual
its physical results would be an increase in crime occurrences.
 Path of least resistance
Vice disrupts the social stability and make-up of the
Filipinofamily and a burden to youth who are the most EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON THE BODY
affected members of society due to vice problems. Its
prevention and control is vital for nation building and When a person drinks alcohol, it passes down to the stomach.
sustained economic growth of the country. Here, unlike foods we eat, it does not need to be digested or
broken down by juices in the stomach. It is absorbed easily
Lesson 2 THE COMMON VICES: ALCOHOL, TOBACCOO into the blood stream and most of it stays in the blood. While
SMOKING, GAMBLING in the blood stream, the alcohol is carried around the body
many times as the heart pumps blood through the vessels.
ALCOHOL
The alcohol stays in the blood and can only be passed out of
Alcohol is colorless, tasteless clear liquid which gives a the body when the liver changes it. A healthy liver takes
burning sensation to the mouth, esophagus and stomach. It approximately one hour to change the alcohol in one bottle of
can poison the human body if taken in large amounts or in beer. While the liver is trying to remove the alcohol, the
combination with other drugs. Alcohol is depressant not alcohol is having effects on body functions.
stimulant.
The Brain and the Nervous System
2 KINDS OF ALCOHOL
The nerves are like telephone wires coming out of the control
METHYL – is very poisonous and is not put in drinks but is use system in the brain and spinal cord. They send and receive
in some industries. messages from all parts of the body. Alcohol slows down the
work of the brain cells and stops proper messages being sent
ETHYL – is used in alcoholic drinks, which are made by
to the rest of the body. Alcohol stops people behaving
breweries. This occurs when germs called yeast act on sugars
correctly to other people. They may do whatever comes first
in food to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide. Fermented
into their minds. This is because their thinking is less able to
brews and spirits contain different amounts of alcohol. The
cope with situations where drinking is needed. As the level of
amount in beer is less than in other drinks.
alcohol becomes higher in the blood, brain and nerve cells die
TYPES OF DRINKERS from the poisonous or toxic effects of the alcohol. Unlike
other body cells, once a brain cell is destroyed it is never
1. Occasional drinker – drinks on special occasions or replaced. As more and more of these brain cells are destroyed
uses alcohol as a home remedy, takes only a few from repeated drinking over a period of years, the person's
drinks per year. Frequent drinker – drinks at parties thinking becomes cloudy. His about things feelings also
and social affairs. Intake of alcohol may be once a change. He also will get a burning feeling and pain or
week or occasionally reaches three or four times per numbness in his hands and feet from the death of nerve cells.
week, uses beverages to release inhibitions and After heavy drinking, and when the pain killing effects of the
tensions. alcohol are removed, the person may suffer from a hangover.
2. Regular drinker – may drink daily or consistently on A hangover is the word used to describe the terrible pain and
weekends, usually comes from cultural background horrible effects, which follow a period of heavy drinking.
where wine or beer is used with meals to enhance
the flavor of the food. Stomach and Intestines
3. Alcohol dependent – drinks to have good time,
Alcohol damages the stomach and intestines and makes them
excessive drinking occurs occasionally but drinker
sore. This can cause a burning sensation, nausea and
may not become alcoholic.
vomiting. Sometimes there is bleeding.
4. Alcoholic – has lost control of his use of alcohol.
Alcohol assumes primary goal in his life, even to the
Liver The illness that occurs when a person doesn’t have enough
food to eat or eats the wrong kind of food. The person who
The first thing the liver does is to turn part of the alcohol into
drinks alcohol may suffer from malnutrition because:
fat. Some of this goes into the blood, but a lot builds up in the
liver cells. After drinking six (6) medium-sized glasses of beer
everyday for a few days, fat is formed in the liver.
He spends his time, money and energy in drinking. He may
To cope with the extra work of getting rid of the alcohol, the not eat the proper foods. Drinking alcohol decreases a
liver becomes larger. person’s desire to eat.

As the liver enlarges, the person gets more used to the effects Alcohol burns the stomach and bowel so that food eaten is
of alcohol in the body. A person can drink larger amounts of not used well by the body. If the liver is damaged, some
alcohol without getting drunk. This effect is called tolerance important vitamins are not produced.
to alcohol.
Malnutrition- in itself causes further liver damage, which
As the liver enlarges, it changes they way other drugs and makes the condition even worse. The result of all these are
medicines work in the body. So it can be dangerous to take that the heavy drinker gets weak because of lack of energy
medicines with alcohol.. and body building food. His body defenses are weakened
against infections such as pneumonia, tropical ulcers and
While the liver enlarges, some of the liver cells are damaged.
tuberculosis. The person may get severely emotional
The liver can become permanently damaged. As the alcohol
disturbed. The nerves in his arms or legs may be damaged so
poisons the cells of the liver, they die. If many of these cells
that he may not feel what he is touching. He may not walk
die, the person may get what is called "ALCOHOLIC
properly and may keep falling over.
HEPATITIS".
Sleep Deprivation
Scar tissue is formed where the liver cells die. This means the
liver doesn't work so well. This is called "CIRRHOSIS". Hormonal Imbalance Rheumatoid Arthritis Alcohol effect on
General Behavior
People with scarred livers can get a swollen abdomen,
swollen feet and hands and may bleeding from inside the Drinking affects a person’s behavior. Most of the changes are
body. Waste products build up in the body and give a yellow due the effect of alcohol on the brain and nerves. The effects
color to the skin and eyes (jaundice). This also affects the of alcohol depend on how much there is in the blood. A large
brain so that a person may become unconscious and die. person has to drink more than small person to produce the
same level of alcohol in the blood.
Heart and Muscles
Trouble with the Economy and the Nation Alcohol
Alcohol affects the heart and other muscles so that they
Dependence
become weaker and less effective. This makes people tired
and breathless. A person who drinks a lot can become a dependent on
alcohol. This means he can not live without it. If he tries to
Blood
stop drinking, he will have the shivers and shakes and feels
The activity of the liver in trying to get rid of the alcohol very bad. He may also experience acute anxiety or
results in many changes to the blood - for example blood fear,delirium and hallucinations
sugar is lowered and blood fats are increased.
SMOKING
Kidneys - Alcohol decreased the ability of the kidneys to get
TOBACCO SMOKING
rid of some waste products.
Refers to the act of burning the tobacco leaves and inhaling
Sexual Activities
the smoke
After the excessive use of alcohol, the ability to have
Properties of Tobacco
satisfactory sexual activity is decreased.
Cigarette smoke contains over 2,000 chemicals and gases
Malnutrition
which can produce coughing, broncho spasm, increased
mucus secretion.
NICOTINE - It is the most important active ingredient in  Tends to paralyze bronchial cilia and stimulate
controlled doses. It is an extremely toxic substance. A typical production of mucus. Eventually destroys ciliary
cigarette contains 1-2 mg of nicotine. When smoked, less than structure cleansing system predisposing to
1 mg from each cigarette is filtered or not depending on the respiratory infections.
characteristics of the filter, the depth and frequency of  Increases in abnormal cell growth in bronchial tube
inhalation and the length of the butt. walls with increase in basal cell layers and thickening
Causes closing of the bronchi, reducing effective
ELECTRONIC CIGAREETTE (E-SMOKING)
breathing space.
This is a battery-powered vaporizer that has recently gained  Increases Mortality from other Causes
popularity among smokers. This gadget stimulates tobacco  Increase cancer of the larynx, the mouth, bladder
smoking by generating an aerosol that resembles smoke via a and the esophagus. Increase in ulcer deaths, death
heating element (atomizer). The atomizer vaporizes a liquid from cirrhosis.
solution known as e-liquid, thus producing tobacco-free  Increase in kidney problems
smoke. E-liquids usually contain propylene glycol, trace  Overall Morbidity and Mortality
amounts of nicotine, flavorings and vegetable glycerin.  Greater incident of infant pre-maturity and mortality.
 Life expectancy is expected to reduce by about 14
General Effect of Tobacco Smoking minutes per cigarette smoked.
The effects of tobacco smoking consist primarily of ill-health Reproductive System
and of human suffering. These necessarily, too, the
productivity of the work force, the need for medical care and Women who smoke during pregnancy increase the risk of still
other variables. Thus smoking impairs society's total well birth and prenatal mortality, and the child physical and
being and posses substantial economic loss to the nation. intellectual is delayed

Effects of Smoking on the Following Cardiovascular System Women who smoke causes menopause in early age than in
normal.
1. Increases in heart attack risk with amount smoke
2. Increases heart rates 15-25 beats with one to two Male smokers, penile arteries become constricted bringing
cigarettes. Constricts small arteries causing higher about slower erection time, impotence in 1 in 4 heavy
blood pressure. smokers versus 1 in 12 non-smokers. Smoking fathers may
3. Increases chance of developing peripheral vascular beget children who may suffer from brain tumor, leukemia
diseases. and other abnormalities due to decreased number of
4. Causes carbon monoxide from smoke to rob oxygen spermatozoa.
carrying potential of blood. Causes increase of free
GAMBLING
fatty acids in blood which may be related to heart
attack. The term gambling refers to the act of betting of money on an
event with an uncertain outcome, guided by the intent of
winning additional money from what has been initially staked.
Respiratory system

Increases risks of developing lung cancer ten-fold for the

average of one pack a day smoker. Increases lung cancer risk
with amount, with length of time smoked and early age
starting.

Major factor identified in the development of lung cancer

 Only one in twenty lung cancer victims is saved from

death per year Lung cancer deaths slightly exceed
traffic deaths per year
 A major cause of chronic bronchitis
 Increases risk of dying of chronic bronchitis and
emphysema about six-fold
 g. "Minor" - refers to any person below eighteen (18) years
old;
h. "Manufacturer" - refers to any person entity, including a re-
packer, who makes, fabricates, assembles, processes, or labels
a finished product;
Lesson 3 VICE CONTROL LAWS i. "Package" - refers to pack, boxes, cartons or containers of
Republic Act No. 9211 any kind in which any tobacco product is offered for sale to
AN ACT REGULATING THE PACKAGING, USE, SALE, consumers;
DISTRIBUTION AND ADVERTISEMENTS OF TOBACCO j. "Persons" - refers to an individual, partnership, corporation
PRODUCTS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES or any other business or legal entity;
k. "Point-of-sale" - refers to any location at which an
Section 4. Definition of Terms - As used in this Act: individual can purchase or otherwise obtain tobacco
a. "Advertisement" - refers to any visual and/or audible products;
message disseminated to the public about or on a particular l. "Promotions" - refers to an event or activity organized by or
product that promote and give publicity by words, designs, on behalf of a tobacco manufacturer, distributor or retailer
images or any other means through broadcasts, electronic, with the aim of promoting a brand of tobacco product, which
print or whatever form of mass media, including outdoor event or activity would not occur but for the support given to
advertisements, such as but no limited to signs and billboards. it by or on behalf of the tobacco manufacturer's name,
For the purpose of this Act, advertisement shall be trademark, logo, etc. on non-tobacco products. This includes
understood as tobacco advertisement. the paid use of tobacco products bearing the brand names,
b. "Advertising" - refers to the business of conceptualizing, tradenames, logos, etc. In movies, television and other forms
presenting, making available and communicating to the of entertainment. For the purpose of thus Act, promotion
public, through any form of mass media, any fact, data or shall be understood as tobacco promotion;
information about the attributes, features, quality or m. "Public Conveyance" - refers to mode of transportation
availability of consumers products, services or credit. servicing the general population such as, but not limited to,
For the purpose of this Act, advertising shall be understood as elevators, airplanes, buses, taxicabs, ships, jeepneys, light rail
tobacco advertising. This shall specifically refer to any transits, tricycles, and similar vehicles;
messages and images promoting smoking; the purchase or n. "Public Places" - refer to enclose or confined areas of all
use of cigarette or tobacco trademarks brand names, design hospitals, medical clinics, schools, public transportation
and manufacturer's names; terminals and offices, and building such as private and public
c. "Advertiser" - refers to a person or entity on whose account offices, recreational places, shopping malls, movie houses,
of for whom an advertisement is prepared and disseminated hotels, restaurants, and the like'
by the advertising agency, which is service established and o. "Retailer" - refers to any person who or entity that sells
operated for the purpose of counseling or creating and tobacco products to individuals for personal consumption;
producing and/or implementing advertising program in p. "Smoking" - refers to the act of carrying a lighted cigarette
various forms of media; or other tobacco products, whether or not it is being inhale or
d. "Cigarette" - refers to any roll or tubular construction, smoked;
which contains tobacco or its derivatives and is intended to be q. "Sponsorship" - refers to any public or private contribution
burned or heated under ordinary conditions of use; to a third party in relation to an event, team or activity made
e. "Distributor" - refers to any person to whom a tobacco with the aim of promoting a brand of tobacco product, which
product is delivered or sold for purposes of distribution in event, team or activity would still exist or occur without such
commerce, except that such terms does not include a contribution. For the purpose of this Act, sponsorship shall be
manufacturer or retailer or common carrier of such product; understood as tobacco sponsorship;
f. "Mass Media" - refers to any medium of communication r. "Tobacco" - refers to agricultural components derived from
designed to reach a mass of people. For this purposes, mass the tobacco plant, which are processed for use in the
media includes print media such as, but not limited to, manufacturing of cigarettes and other tobacco products;
newspapers, magazines, and publications; broadcast media s. "Tobacco Products" - refers to any product that consists of
such as, but not limited to, radio, television, cable television, loose tobacco that contains nicotine and is intended for use in
and cinema; electronic media such as but not limited to the a cigarette, including any product containing tobacco and
internet; intended smoking or oral or nasal use. Unless stated
otherwise, the requirements of this Act pertaining to the sale or distribution of tobacco products to minors by
cigarettes shall apply to other tobacco products; means of a vending machine or any self-service facility or
t. "Tobacco Grower" - refers to any person who plants tobacco similar contraption or device is prohibited, except at point-of-
before the enactment of this Act and classified as such by the sale establishments.
national Tobacco Administration (NTA); and Section 8. Retailer Compliance With Respect To Self-Service
u. "Warning" - refers to the notice printed on the tobacco Facilities. - Each retailer shall ensure that all tobacco-related
product or its container and/or displayed in print or alert in self-service displays or facilities, advertising, labeling and
broadcast or electronic media including outdoor advertising other items that are located in the establishment of the
and which shall bear information on the hazard of tobacco retailer and that do not comply with the requirements of this
use; Act are removed or are brought into compliance with the
requirements of this Act.
HEALTHFUL ENVIRONMENT Section 9. Minimum Age Sales - Under this Act, It shall be
Section 5. Smoking in Public Places - Smoking shall be unlawful:
absolutely prohibited in the following public places: a. For any retailer or tobacco products to sell or distribute
a. Centers of youth activity such as playschools, preparatory tobacco products to any minor;
schools, elementary schools, high schools, colleges and b. For any person to purchase cigarettes or tobacco products
universities, youth hostels, and recreational facilities for from a minor;
persons under eighteen (18) years old; c. For a minor to sell or buy cigarettes or any tobacco
b. Elevator and stairwells; products; and
c. Location in which fire hazards are present, including gas d. For a minor to smoke cigarettes or any other tobacco
stations and storage areas for flammable liquids, gas, products.
explosives or combustible materials; It shall not be a defense for the person selling or distributing
d. Within the buildings and premises of public and private that he/she did not know or was aware of the real age of the
hospitals. Medical, dental, and optical clinics, health centers, minor. Neither shall it be a defense that he/she did not know
nursing homes, dispensaries and laboratories; nor had any reason to believe that the cigarette or any other
e. Public conveyance and public facilities including airport and tobacco product was for the consumption of the minor to
ship terminals and train and bus stations, restaurant and whom it was sold.
conference halls, except for separate smoking areas; and Section 10. Sale of Tobacco Products Within School
f. Food preparation areas. Perimeters - The sale or distribution of tobacco products is
Section 6. Designated Smoking And Non-Smoking Areas - In prohibited within one hundred (100) meters from any point of
all enclosed places that are open to the general public, private the perimeter of a school, public playground or other facility
workplaces, and other places not covered under the frequented particularly by minors.
preceding section, where smoking may expose a person to Section 11. Sinage - Point-of-Sale establishments offering,
the other than the smoker to tobacco smoke, the owner, distributing or selling tobacco products to consumers, shall
proprietor, possessor, manager or administrator of such post the following statement in a clear and conspicuous
places shall establish smoking areas. Such areas may include a manner: "SALE/DISTRIBUTION TO OUR PURCHASE BY MINORS
designated smoking area within the building, which may be in OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS IS UNLAWFUL" or " IT IS LAWFUL
an open space or separate area with proper ventilation, but FOR TOBACCO PRODUCTS TO BE SOLD/DISTRIBUTED TO OR
shall not be located within the same room that has been PURCHASED BY PERSONS UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE".
designated as a non-smoking area.1ªvvphï|.ñêt Section 12. Proof Of Age Verification - In case of doubt as to
All designated smoking areas shall at least one (1) legible and the age of the buyer, retailers shall verify, by means of any
visible sign posted, namely "SMOKING AREA" for the valid from of photographic identification containing the date
Information and guidance of all concerned. In addition, the of birth of the bearer, that no individual purchasing a tobacco
sign or not posted shall include a warning about the health is below eighteen (18) years of age.
effects of direct or secondhand exposure to tobacco smoke.
Non-smoking areas shall likewise have at least one (1) legible ADVERTISING AND PROMOTIONS
and visible sign, namely: "NO SMOKING AREA" or "NO Section 13. Warning On Cigarette Packages - Under this Act:
SMOKING". a. All packages in which tobacco products are provided to
ACCES RESTRICTIONS consumers withdrawn from the manufacturing facility of all
Section 7. Vending Machines, Self-Service Facilities - unless manufacturers or imported into the Philippines intended for
the vending machine has a mechanism for age verification, sale to the market, starting 1 January 2004, shall be printed,
in either English or Filipino, on a rotating basis o separately the health warnings shall be clearly visible and legible, printed
and simultaneously, the following health warnings: in a prominent color as approximate and shall appear in
"GOVERNMENT WARNING; Cigarette are Addictive"; contrast by color, typography or layout with all other printed
"GOVERNMENT WARNING; Tobacco Can harm your Children"; material in the advertisement. The warning shall not be
or hidden or obscured by other printed information or images in
"GOVERNMENT WARNING; Smoking Kills." the advertisement.
b. Upon effectivity of this Act until 30June 2006, the health c. For television and cinema advertisements, the warning shall
warning shall be located on one side panel of every tobacco be clearly shown and voiced over in the last five (5) seconds
product package and occupy not less than fifty percent (50%) of the advertisement, regardless of the duration of the
of such side panel including any border of frame. advertisement, even when such advertisement is silent. The
c. Beginning 1 July 2006, the health warning shall be on the health warning shall occupy a total area of not less than fifty
bottom portion of one (1) front panel of every tobacco percent (50%) of the television screen and shall be clearly
product package and occupy not less than thirty percent visible, legible, and audible, in black text on white background
(30%) of such panel including any border or frame. The text of or white text on black background. No other images except in
the warning shall appear in clearly legible type in black text writing shall be included in the warning frame.
on a white background with a black border and in contrasts d. For radio advertisement, the warnings stated after the
by typography; layout or color to the other printer materials advertisement shall be clearly and audibly voiced over in the
on the package. The health warning shall occupy a total area last five (5) seconds of the advertisement, regardless of its
of less than fifty percent (50%) of the total warning frame. duration.
d. The warning shall be rotated periodically, or separately and Section 15. Restrictions On Advertising - The following
simultaneously printed, so that within any twenty-four (24) restrictions shall apply to all tobacco advertising:
month period, the four (4) variations of the warnings shall a. Advertisement shall not be aimed at or particularly appeal
appear with proportionate frequency. to persons under eighteen (18) years of age.
e. The warning shall not be hidden or obscured by other b. Advertisement shall not feature a celebrity or contain an
printed information or images, or printed in a location where endorsement, implied or express by a celebrity.
tax or fiscal stamps are likely to be applied to the package or c. Advertisement shall not contain cartoon characters or
placed in a location where it will be damaged when the subjects that depict humans or animals with comically
package is opened. If the warning to be printed on the exaggerated features or that attribute human or unnatural
package is likely to be obscured or obliterated by a wrapper characteristics to animals, plants or other objects.
on the package, the warning must be printed on both the d. Advertisement shall not show, portray or depict scenes
wrapper and the package. where the actual use of, or the act of using, puffing or lighting
f. In addition to the health warning al packages of tobacco cigarettes or other tobacco products is presented to the
products that are provided to consumers shall contain, on one public.
side panel the following statement in a clear, legible and Section 16. Restrictions on Print Media Advertising - The
conspicuous manner; "NO SALE TO MINORS" or "NOT FOR following restrictions shall apply to all print media tobacco
SALE TO MINORS." The statement shall occupied an area of advertisements:
not less than ten percent (10%) of such side panel and shall a. Advertisements shall not be placed in any printed
appear in contrast by color, typography or layout with all the publication unless there is a reasonable basis to believe that
other printed material on the side panel. at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the readers of such
g. No other printed warnings, except the health warning and publication are eighteen (18) years of age and above, and the
the message required in this Section, paragraph F shall be number of youth who read it constitutes less than ten percent
placed on cigarette packages. (10%) of all youth in the Philippines.
Section 14. Warning On Advertising - Under this Act: b. Advertisements shall not be placed on the packaging or
a. All tobacco advertising in mass media shall contain either in outside covers (front and back) of a magazine, newspaper,
English or Filipino, the following health warning; journal or other publication printed for general circulation.
"GOVERNMENT WARNING: Cigarette Smoking is Dangerous to Section 17. Restrictions on Outdoor Advertising - The
Your Health." following restrictions shall apply to all print media tobacco
b. For print and outdoor advertisement, the warning frame advertisements:
shall be centered across the bottom of the advertisement and a. Outdoor advertisements shall not be placed on billboards,
occupy a total area of not less than fifteen percent (15%) of wall murals, or transport stops or stations which are within
such advertisement including any border or fame. The text of the one hundred (100) meters from any point of the
perimeter of a school, public playground or other facility Beginning 1 July 2008, all forms of tobacco advertising in
frequented particularly by persons below eighteen (18) years mass media shall be prohibited except tobacco
of age. advertisements placed inside the premises of point-of sale
b. Outdoor advertisements shall not, either individually or establishments.
when placed indeliverate combination with other outdoor Section 23. Restrictions on Tobacco Promotions - The
tobacco advertising, exceed seventy (70) square meters in following restrictions shall apply on all tobacco promotions.
total size. a. Promotions must be directed only to persons at least
c. Outdoor advertisements shall not be placed on taxis, buses, eighteen (18) years old. No person below eighteen (18) years
trains or other public conveyance or in stations, terminals or old or who appear to be below eighteen (18) years old may
platforms thereof, except point-of-sale establishments. participate in such promotions. The participants in
Section 18. Restrictions on Advertising In Cinemas - Tobacco promotions must be required to provide proof of age.
advertisements are prohibited in connection with the b. Communications to consumers about tobacco promotions
showing of any film where persons below eighteen (18) years shall comply with the provisions of this Act governing tobacco
old are permitted admission advertising. In addition to the required health warning, the
Section 19. Restrictions on Television - Advertisements shall age requirement for participation in any promotion must be
not be broadcast on television, cable television, and radio clearly marked on the program materials distributed to
between seven o' clock in the morning and seven o' clock at consumers.
night. c. All stalls, booths and other display concerning tobacco
Section 20. Restriction on Advertising In Audio, Video And promotions must be limited to point-of-sale of adult only
Computer Cassettes/discs And Similar Medium - No electronic facilities.
advertisements shall be incorporated within any video or d. Telephone Communications concerning promotional offers,
audio cassette, videogame machine, optical disc or any similar programs or events must include a recorded health warning
medium, unless access to the item is restricted to persons message in English or Filipino consistent with the warnings
eighteen (18) years of age or older. For the purpose of this specified in this Act.
Section, video game includes any electronic amusement e. No placement shall be made by manufacturer, distributor,
device that utilizes a computer, microprocessor, or similar or retailer of any tobacco product or tobacco product
electronic circuitry and its own cathode ray tube, or is packages and advertisement as a prop in any television
designed to be used with a television set or monitor that program or motion picture produced for viewing by the
interacts with the user of the device. general public or in a video, or optical disc or on video game
Section 21. Restrictions on Advertising On The Internet And machine.
Similar Medium - Advertisement are prohibited on the f. The name, logo or other indicia of a cigarette brand may
internet and other similar medium unless that Internet site is appear on cigarette lighters, ashtrays, of other smoking
restricted to persons eighteen (18) years of age or older. A site related items. If such name, logo or other indicia of the
will be deemed restricted if a person cannot obtain access cigarette brand is larger than fifty (50) square centimeters, the
beyond the first page of the website unless the persons has item must carry a health warning consistent with the
established that he or she is at least eighteen (18) years old. warnings specified in this Act.
This limitation applies to commercial communications and g. No merchandise such as, but not limited to, t-shirts, caps,
shall not prevent the use of company Internet websites to sweatshirts, visors, backpacks, sunglasses, writing implements
provide information regarding a company, its products and and umbrellas, may be distributed, sold or offered, directly or
smoking and health related information. This Section shall indirectly, with the name, logo or other indicia of a cigarette
prohibit business-to-business transactions conducted on the brand displayed so as to be visible to others when worn or
Internet, and other similar medium between tobacco used. Clothing items must be in adult sizes only.
manufactures, retailers and distributors. h. No name, logo or other indicia of a cigarette brand or
Section 22. Ban On Advertisements - Beginning 1 January element of a brand-related marketing activity, may appear on
2007, all tobacco advertising on television, cable television items that are marketed to or likely to be used by minors such
and radio shall be prohibited. as but not limited to sports equipment, toys, dolls, miniature
Beginning 1 July 2007, all cinema and outdoor advertising replicas of racing vehicles, video games, and food. The
shall be prohibited. No leaflets, posters and similar outdoor manufacturer or company must take all available measures to
advertising materials be posted, except inside the premises of prevent third parties from using the company's brand names.
point-of-sale retail establishments. Logos or other proprietary material on products that are
directed toward minors.
i. No tobacco advertisements may be placed on shopping h) Coordinator, Controller or Supervisor ("Encargado" or
bags. variants thereof). - Any person who exercises control and
supervision over the collector or agent.
AN ACT INCREASING THE PENALTIES FOR ILLEGAL NUMBERS
i) Maintainer, Manager or Operator. - Any person who
GAMES, AMENDING CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF PRESIDENTIAL
maintains, manages or operates any illegal number game in a
DECREE NO. 1602, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
specific area from whom the coordinator, controller or
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of supervisor, and collector or agent take orders.
the Philippine Congress Assembled:
j) Financiers or Capitalist. - Any person who finances the
Sec. 2. Definition of Terms. - As used in this Act, the following operations of any illegal numbers game.
terms shall mean:
k) Protector or Coddler. - Any person who lends or provides
a) Illegal Numbers Game. - Any form illegal gambling activity protection, or receives benefits in any manner in the
which uses numbers or combinations thereof as factors in operation of any illegal numbers game.
giving out jackpots.
Sec. 3. Punishable Acts. - Any person who participates in any
b) Jueteng. - An illegal numbers game that involves the illegal numbers game shall suffer the following penalties:
combination of thirty-seven (37) numbers against thirty-seven
a) The penalty of imprisonment from thirty (30) days to ninety
(37) numbers from number one (1) to thirty seven (37) or the
(90) days, if such person acts as a bettor;
combination of thirty-eight (38) numbers in some areas,
serving as a form of local lottery where bets are placed and b) The penalty of imprisonment from six (6) years and one (1)
accepted per combination, and its variants. day to eight (8) years, if such person acts as a personnel or
staff of an illegal numbers game operation;
c) Masiao. - An illegal numbers game where the winning
combination is derived from the results of the last game of Jai The same penalty shall likewise be imposed to any person
Alai or the Special Llave portion or any result thereof based who allows his vehicle, house, building or land to be used in
on any fictitious Jai Alai game consisting of ten (10) players the operation of the illegal numbers games.
pitted against one another, and its variants.
c) The penalty of imprisonment from eight (8) years and one
d) Last Two. - An illegal numbers game where the winning (1) day to ten (10) years, if such person acts as a collector or
combination is derived from the last two (2) numbers of the agent;
first prize of the winning Sweepstakes ticket which comes out
during the weekly draw of the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes d) The penalty of imprisonment from ten (10) years and one
Office (PCSO), and its variants. (1) day to twelve (12) years, if such person acts as a
coordinator, controller or supervisor;
e) Bettor ("Mananaya", "Tayador" or variants thereof). - Any
person who places bets for himself/herself or in behalf of e) The penalty of imprisonment from twelve (12) years and
another person, or any person, other than the personnel or one (1) day to ten (10) fourteen (14) years, if such person acts
staff of any illegal numbers game operation. as a maintainer, manager or operator; and

f) Personnel or Staff of Illegal Numbers Game Operation. - Any f) The penalty of imprisonment from fourteen (14) years and
person, who acts in the interest of the maintainer, manager or one (1) day to sixteen (16) years, if such person acts as a
operator, such as, but not limited to, an accountant, cashier, financier or capitalist;
checker, guard, runner, table manager, usher, watcher, or any g) The penalty of imprisonment from sixteen (16) years and
other personnel performing such similar functions in a one (1) day to twenty (20) years, if such person acts as
building structure, vessel, vehicle, or any other place where protector or coddler.
an illegal numbers game is operated or conducted.
Sec. 4. Possession of Gambling Paraphernalia or Materials. -
g) Collector or Agent ("Cabo", "Cobrador", "Coriador" or The possession of any gambling paraphernalia and other
variants thereof). - Any person who collects, solicits or materials used in the illegal numbers game operation shall be
produces bets in behalf of his/her principal for any illegal deemed prima facie evidence of any offense covered by this
numbers game who is usually in possession of gambling Act.
paraphernalia.
Sec. 5. Liability of Government Employees and/or Public Criminal Prosecution to Government Witnesses and the
Officials. - a) If the collector, agent, coordinator, controller, pertinent provisions of the Rules of Court.
supervisor, maintainer, manager, operator, financier or
Sec. 9. Prosecution, Judgment and Forfeiture of Property. -
capitalist of any illegal numbers game is a government
Any person may be charged with or convicted of the offenses
employee and/or public official, whether elected or
covered by this Act without prejudice to the prosecution of
appointed shall suffer the penalty of twelve (12) years and
any act or acts penalized under the Revised Penal Code or
one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging from Three
existing laws.
million pesos (P3,000,000.00) to Five million pesos
(P5,000,000.00) and perpetual absolute disqualification from During the pendency of the case, no property or income used
public office. or derived therefrom which may be confiscated and forfeited
shall be disposed, alienated or transferred and the same shall
In addition to the penalty provided in the immediately
be in custodia legis and no bond shall be admitted for the
preceding section, the accessory penalty of perpetual
release of the same.
disqualification from public office shall be imposed upon any
local government official who, having knowledge of the The trial prosecutors shall avail of provisional remedies
existence of the operation of any illegal numbers game in provided for under the Revised Rules on Criminal Procedure.
his/her jurisdiction, fails to abate or to take action, or
tolerates the same in connection therewith. Upon conviction, all proceeds, gambling paraphernalia and
other instruments of the crime including any real or personal
b) In the case of failure to apprehend perpetrators of any property used in any illegal numbers game operation shall be
illegal numbers game, any law enforcer shall suffer an confiscated and forfeited in favor of the State. All assets and
administrative penalty of suspension or dismissal, as the case properties of the accused either owned or held by him/her in
may be, to be imposed by the appropriate authority. his/her name or in the name of another person found to be
manifestly out of proportion to his/her lawful income shall
Sec. 6. Liability of Parents/Guardians. - The penalty of
be prima facie presumed to be proceeds of the offense and
imprisonment from six (6) months and one (1) day to one (1)
shall likewise be confiscated and forfeited in favor of the
year or fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos
State.
(P100,000.00) to Four hundred thousand pesos (P400,000.00)
shall be imposed upon any parent, guardian or person Sec. 10. Witness Protection. - Any person who provides
exercising moral authority or ascendancy over a minor, ward material information, whether testimonial or documentary,
or incapacitated person, and not otherwise falling under any necessary for the investigation or prosecution of individuals
of the foregoing subsections, who induces or causes such committing any of the offenses under Sections 3, 4, 5 and 6
minor, ward or incapacitated person to commit any of the herein shall be placed under the Witness Protection Program
offenses punishable in this Act. Upon conviction, the parent, pursuant to Republic Act. No. 6981.
guardian or person exercising moral authority or ascendancy
over the minor, ward or incapacitated person shall be Sec. 11. Informer's Reward. - Any person who, having
deprived of his/her authority over such person in addition to knowledge or information of any offense committed under
the penalty imposed. this Act and who shall disclose the same which may lead to
the arrest and final conviction of the offender, may be
Sec. 7. Recidivism. - The penalty next higher in degree as rewarded a certain percentage of the cash money or articles
provided for under Section 3 hereof shall be imposed upon a of value confiscated or forfeited in favor of the government,
recidivist who commits any of the offenses punishable in this which shall be determined through a policy guideline
Act. promulgated by the Department of Justice (DOJ) in
coordination with the Department of Interior and Local
Sec. 8. Immunity from Prosecution. - Any person who serves
Government (DILG) and the National Police Commission
as a witness for the government or provides evidence in a
(NAPOLCOM).
criminal case involving any violation of this Act, or who
voluntarily or by virtue of a subpoena testificandum or duces The DILG, the NAPOLCOM and the DOJ shall provide for a
tecum, produces, identifies, or gives testimony shall be system of rewards and incentives for law enforcement officers
immune from any criminal prosecution, subject to the and for local government official for the effective
compliance with the provisions of Presidential Decree No. implementation of this Act.
1732, otherwise known as Decree Providing Immunity from
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 449 May 9, 1974 COCKFIGHTING (c) Cockpits Site and Construction. Cockpits shall be
LAW OF 1974 constructed and operated within the appropriate areas as
prescribed in Zoning Law or Ordinance. In the absence of such
Section 4. Definition of Terms. As used in this law, the
law or ordinance, the local executives shall see to it that no
following terms shall be understood, applied and construed
cockpits are constructed within or near existing residential or
as follows:
commercial areas, hospitals, school buildings, churches or
(a) Cockfighting shall embrace and mean the commonly other public buildings. Owners, lessees, or operators of
known game or term "cockfighting derby, pintakasi or cockpits which are now in existence and do not conform to
tupada", or its equivalent terms in different Philippine this requirement are given three years from the date of
localities. effectivity of this Decree to comply herewith. Approval or
issuance of building permits for the construction of cockpits
(b) Zoning Law or Ordinance Either both national or local city shall be made by the city or provincial engineer in accordance
or municipal legislation which logically arranges, prescribes, with their respective building codes, ordinances or
defines and apportions a given political subdivision into engineering laws and practices.
specific land uses as present and future projection of needs
warrant. (d) Holding of Cockfights. Except as provided in this Decree,
cockfighting shall be allowed only in licensed cockpits during
(c) Bet Taker of Promoter A person who calls and takes care of Sundays and legal holidays and during local fiestas for not
bets from owners of both gamecocks and those of other more than three days. It may also be held during provincial,
bettors before he orders commencement of the cockfight and city or municipal, agricultural, commercial or industrial fair,
thereafter distributes won bets to the winners after deducting carnival or exposition for a similar period of three days upon
a certain commission. resolution of the province, city or municipality where such
(d) Gaffer (Taga Tari) A person knowledgeable in the art of fair, carnival or exposition is to be held, subject to the
arming fighting cocks with gaff or gaffs on either or both legs. approval of the Chief of Constabulary or his authorized
representative: Provided, that, no cockfighting on the
(e) Referee (Sentenciador) A person who watches and occasion of such fair, carnival or exposition shall be allowed
oversees the proper gaffing of fighting cocks, determines the within the month of a local fiesta or for more than two
physical condition of fighting cocks while cockfighting is in occasions a year in the same city or municipality: Provided,
progress, the injuries sustained by the cocks and their further, that no cockfighting shall be held on December 30
capability to continue fighting and decides and make known (Rizal Day), June 12 (Philippine Independence Day) November
his decision by work or gestures and result of the cockfight by 30 (National Heroes Day), Holy Thursday, Good Friday,
announcing the winner or declaring a tie or no contest game. Election or Referendum Day and during Registration Days for
such election or referendum.
(f) Bettor A person who participates in cockfights and with the
use of money or other things of value, bets with other bettors (e) Cockfighting for Entertainment of Tourists or for Charitable
or through the bet taker or promoter and wins or loses his bet Purposes. Subject to the preceding subsection hereof, the
depending upon the result of the cockfight as announced by Chief Constabulary or his authorized representative may also
the Referee or Sentenciador. He may be the owner of fighting allow the holding of cockfighting for the entertainment of
cock. foreign dignitaries or for tourists, or for returning Filipinos,
commonly known as "Balikbayan", or for the support of
Section 5. Cockpits and Cockfighting: In General:
national fund-raising campaigns for charitable purposes as
(a) Ownership, Operation and Management of Cockpits. Only may be authorized by the Office of the President, upon
Filipino citizens not otherwise inhibited by existing laws shall resolution of a provincial board, city or municipal council, in
be allowed to own, manage and operate cockpits. licensed cockpits or in playgrounds or parks: Provided, that
Cooperative capitalization is encouraged. this privilege shall be extended for only one time, for a period
not exceeding three days, within a year to a province, city, or
(b) Establishment of Cockpits. Only one cockpit shall be
municipality.
allowed in each city or municipality, except that in cities or
municipalities with a population of over one hundred (f) Other games during cockfights prescribed. No gambling of
thousand, two cockpits may be established, maintained and any kind shall be permitted on the premises of the cockpit or
operated. place of cockfighting during cockfights. The owner, manager
or lessee off such cockpit and the violators of this injunction basis of the honest playing skill or ability of the players or
shall be criminally liable under Section 8 hereof. participants.

Section 6. Licensing of Cockpits. City and municipal mayors c. Point-shaving any such arrangement, combination, scheme
are authorized to issue licenses for the operation and or agreement by which the skill or ability of any player or
maintenance of cockpits subject to the approval of the Chief participant in a game, races or sports contests to make points
of Constabulary or his authorized representatives. For this or scores shall be limited deliberately in order to influence the
purpose, ordinances may be promulgated for the imposition result thereof in favor of one or other team, player or
and collection of taxes and fees not exceeding the rates fixed participant therein.
under Section 13, paragraphs (a) and (b); and 19; paragraph
d. Game-machinations any other fraudulent, deceitful, unfair
(g) 16 of Presidential Decree No. 231, dated June 28, 1973,
or dishonest means, method, manner or practice employed
otherwise known as the Local Tax Code, as amended.
for the purpose of influencing the result of any game, races or
Section 7. Cockfighting Officials. Gaffers, referees or bet sport contest.
takers or promoters shall not act as such in any cockfight
Section 2. Betting, game-fixing, point-shaving or game
herein authorized, without first securing a license renewable
machination unlawful. Game-fixing, point-shaving,
every year on their birthmonth from the city or municipality
machination, as defined in the preceding section, in
where such cockfighting is held. Cities and municipalities may
connection with the games of basketball, volleyball, softball,
charge a tax of not more than twenty pesos. Only licensed
baseball; chess, boxing bouts, "jai-alai", "sipa", "pelota" and
gaffers, referees, bet takers or promoters shall officiate in all
all other sports contests, games or races; as well as betting
kinds of cockfighting authorized in this Decree.
therein except as may be authorized by law, is hereby
Section 8. Penal Provisions. Any violation of the provisions of declared unlawful.
this Decree and of the rules and regulations promulgated by
Section 3. Penalty. Any violation of this Decree, or of the rules
the Chief of Constabulary pursuant thereto shall be punished
and regulations promulgated in accordance herewith, shall be
as follows:
punished in the manner following:
a. By prision correccional in its maximum period and a fine of
a. When the offender is an official, such as promoter, referee,
two thousand pesos, with subsidiary imprisonment in case of
umpire, judge, or coach in the game, race or sports contests,
insolvency, when the offender is the financer, owner, manger
or the manager or sponsor of any participating team,
or operator of cockpit, or the gaffer, referee or bet taker in
individual or player therein, or participants or players in such
cockfights; or the offender is guilty of allowing, promoting or
games, races or other sports contests, he shall, upon
participating in any other kind of gambling in the premises of
conviction, be punished by prision correccional in its
cockfights during cockfights.
maximum period and a fine of 2,000 pesos with subsidiary
b. By prision correccional or a fine of not less than six imprisonment in case of insolvency, at the discretion of the
hundred pesos nor more than two thousand pesos or both, court. This penalty shall also be imposed when the offenders
such imprisonment and fine at the discretion of the court, compose a syndicate of five or more persons.
with subsidiary imprisonment in case of insolvency, in case of
b. In case of any offender, he shall, upon conviction, be
any other offender.
punished by prision correccional in its medium period and a
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 483 June 13, 1974 fine of 1,000 pesos with subsidiary imprisonment in case of
insolvency at the discretion of the court.
Section 1. Definitions. For purposes of this Decree, the
following terms shall mean and be understood to be as c. When the offender is an official or employee of any
hereunder indicated: government office or agency concerned with the enforcement
or administration of laws and regulations on sports the
a. Betting money or any object or article of value or
penalty provided for in the preceding Section 3 a small be
representative of value upon the result of any game, races
imposed. In addition, he shall be disqualified from holding any
and other sports contest.
public office or employment for life. If he is an alien, he may
b. Game-fixing any arrangement, combination, scheme or be deported.
agreement by which the result of any game, races or sports
Section 4. Clearance for arrest, detention or prosecution. No
contests shall be predicted and/or known other than on the
person who voluntarily discloses or denounces to the
President of the Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation or to
the National Sports Associations concerned and/or to any law
enforcement/police authority any of the acts penalized by this
Decree shall be arrested, detained and/or prosecuted except
upon prior written clearance from the President of the
Philippines and/or of the Secretary of National Defense.