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Punctuation

The document outlines various punctuation marks and their uses, emphasizing how they enhance text clarity and structure. It details the functions of capital letters, full stops, commas, semi-colons, colons, question marks, exclamation marks, quotation marks, parentheses, hyphens, dashes, bullets, ellipses, and italics. Each punctuation mark is associated with specific grammatical rules and contexts for proper usage.

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jonivanheerden
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2 views2 pages

Punctuation

The document outlines various punctuation marks and their uses, emphasizing how they enhance text clarity and structure. It details the functions of capital letters, full stops, commas, semi-colons, colons, question marks, exclamation marks, quotation marks, parentheses, hyphens, dashes, bullets, ellipses, and italics. Each punctuation mark is associated with specific grammatical rules and contexts for proper usage.

Uploaded by

jonivanheerden
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Punctuation

Makes text easier to understand.

Capital Letters

Start a sentence

Proper nouns and Proper Adjectives

Book titles main words

Direct speech first word

Full Stops ( . )

At end of a sentence

After certain abbreviations

Commas ( , )

Separate words or phrases in a list

Indicate the end of a phrase / beginning of next phrase

Before or after however and nevertheless

After introductory words

AVOID COMMAS between 2 main clauses.

Semi-Colons ( ; )

Long pause to balance 2 ideas

Indicates opposite ideas

Jonis two main clauses

Colons ( : )

Indicates a list, explanation or idea is following

Introduces a question

Indicates speaker in dialogue

Question Mark ( ? )

End of a question

Exclamation Marks ( ! )

Follows exclamations or interjections


Strengthens tone of a statement

Used after emotions such as anger, fear, happiness etc.

Quotation Marks ( “ or ‘ )

Indicates direct speech

Quote someone else’s words

To “excuse” slang or foreign words

Indicates metaphoric use (I am the “baby”)

Parathesis (Brackets) ( )

To indicate an explanation or additional information

Hyphen ( - )

Links prefixes to words or forms compound words

Dash ( - ) longer than Hyphen

Separates parts of a sentence, forcing a pause

Add additional information

Separates a comment or afterthought

Creates a dramatic pause

Bullets ( * )

Itemise points

Avoid using letters

Use partial sentences

Omit punctuation

Ellipsis ( … )

Indicates a sentence is incomplete

Italics ( sloping writing )

Highlights titles or foreign words

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