Topic 4: The Internet – Computer Notes Form Two
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What is internet?
Internet is a wide world connection of computer which enables
sharing of resources like files and folders, pictures and music,
teaching materials like notes/ tutorials and computers.
Communication between networks is called inter networking.
Therefore, internet comes from the word inter networking meaning
a connection of data communication. The communication in which
the end instruments are computers.
The internet is a worldwide public networks that interconnect
thousands of smaller networks to form one large “web” of
communication. Many private networks, some with thousands of
users of their own connect to the internet by using the services of
internet services providers (ISPs)
In simple words internet is a huge number of computers that are
connected to each other throughout the world.
These computers are situated in many different countries and are
connected through telephone lines, cables in the ground and even
satellite in spaces.
DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNET
Internet involved from US Department of defense project called
ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency Network) in 1969. The
main reason was to exchange information between researchers in
this project.
Browses and World Wide Web (www) were introduced in early
1990’s.
Using the internet:
(i) Why people use internet?
1. To find general information about the subject:
The web is like a huge encyclopedia of information, in some ways
it’s even better. The volume of information you will find on the web
is amazing. For every topic that you’ve wondered about it. The web
offers many different perspectives on a single topic
2. To find information not easily available elsewhere:
It put information into your hand s that you might otherwise have to
pay for or find out by less convenient means.
3. To correspond with faraway friends:
Email offers a cheap and easy alternative to traditional methods of
correspondence. Its faster and easier than writing snail mail and
cheaper than using telephone.
4. To meet People:
People love getting e-mail from strangers and friendship are quick to
from casual correspondence. Many people have even found love on
the Net, and have gone on to marry their cyber-partner.
5. To Discus:
To discuss their interests with like-minded people
6. To have fun:
There’s plenty to keep you occupied on a rainy day.
7. To learn:
Online distance education courses can give you an opportunity to
gain a qualification over the internet.
8. To read the news:
People all over the world access news through internet. For example
a Tanzania who is living in London can be able to read Tanzania
news paper on the paper on internet and be updated with Tanzania
every day.
9. To find Software:
The internet contains a wealth of useful downloadable shareware.
Some pieces of shareware are limited versions of the full piece of
software, other are limited trial (you should pay once the time limit
is up).Other share ware is free for educational institutions or non-
commercial purpose.
10. To buy things:
The securities online shopping is still questionable, but as well as
you are dealing with a reputable company or web sites the risks are
minimal.
(ii) Why do people put things on the web?
-To advertise a product
-To sell a product
-To make money
-To share their knowledge with world
The application of internet:
Electronic mail (e-mail or email) is a store and forward method of
composing, sending, storing and receiving messages over electronic
communication systems.
What makes internet different?
(i)This is an electronic communication
(ii)Its speed and broadcasting ability is fundamentally different from
paper-based communication. This is because turnaround time can
be so fast-mail is is more conversational than traditional paper-
based media.
Computer on the internet may use the following internet services
– Electronic mail (e-mail) to send and receive mail
– Telnet or remote log in to log onto another computer and use it
as if you were there
– File Transfer Protocol (FTP) to rapidly download complex files
intact from a remote computer to local computer or upload from
local computer to remote computer
– Web
– Social networks (face Book, twitter , linked in)
– Online shaping
– Search
– Resources distribution (hosting )
– Video conferencing
– Games
Terms used in internet
WWW (World Wide Web)
Web: Is the collection of websites on the internet
Website: Is collection of Web Pages linked to each other.
Web page: Is a single page on a website.
Homepage: The first page of a particular website.
Web browser: Software that enables user to retrieve and view HTML
documents
E.g. Internet explorer, safari, Mosaic, Netscape navigator
Web Server: Large computer that stores websites on the internet.
Hyper text: The document that contain hyperlink
Hyperlink: The shortcut from one webpage to other web pages.
HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language): Computer language used
to make web pages.
URL (Uniform Resources Locator): This is the address of website
in the internet
On Line: Connected to the internet
Off Line: Not connected to internet; E.g. [Link] [Link].
PARTS OF URL
1) Protocol
2) Web
3) Host
4) Domain eg. [Link]
1 2 3 4
HTTP-Hypertext transfer protocol
IP-Internet Protocol
POP-Pointing information Protocol
ISP-Internet Service Provider
PROTOCAL: Is a set of predetermined rules used to facilitate
communication over data networks.
IMPORTANCE
i) Used to allow device to communicate successfully.
ii) Provide structure and format of the message
iii) To set up and terminate the data transfer session
SEARCH ENGINE
Is the website that helps user to find information/material on
internet E.g. Google, Yahoo!, Go, Mamma, Metacrawler,Lycos etc.
TYPES
[Link]
[Link]
E-MAIL ADDRESS:
E-mail address is string that identifies a user so that a user can
receive Internet e-mail.
They are composed of:
-User ID
-The Symbol@
-Domain name
The domain:
-It is located after @
-Tells the location and types of address
-Provides information about where the message should be delivered
Root Domain:
Describes the type of location; currently there six root domain
(i).com: commercial organization
(ii).edu: education /research organization
(iii).go: government organization
(iv).mil: military organization
(v).net: gateway host network
(vi).org: non profit or miscellaneous organization
Some domain name will also include the country name [Link]:
England or tz: Tanzania
Examples of e-mail address are:
(a)janetjackson@[Link]
User ID: janetjackson
Domain name: [Link]
Domain (location): yahoo
(b)mwlndevu@[Link]
User ID: mwlndevu
Domain name: [Link]
Domain (location): udsm
Root domain (domain type): edu
Country: tz
Advantages of E-mail
(i)Convenience: there are no trips to the post office, no needs to
search for stationary and stamps. A message can be formal or
informal. It makes very easily to publish and discuss.
(ii)Speed: e-mail is very fast.
(iii)In expensive: Once you are online the cost of sending a
message is small
(iv)Printable: the hard copy is easily to obtain you may save on
natural resources for your own records
(v)Reliable: although messages occasionally lost, these are rare.
Many mail systems will notify the sender if an email message was
undelivered.
(vi)Generality: it is not limited to texts; it allows the transfer of of
graphics, programs and even sounds.
Electronic Learning (E-Learning)
E- Learning is the effective teaching and learning by using electronic
media.
E – Learning can occur in or out of the classroom. E – Learning is
suited to distance learning and flexible learning. But it can also be
used in conjunction of face to face teaching.
Advantages of e- learning
– Reduce traveling costs and time to and from school
– Learners can study whenever they access computer and internet
– Self – paced learning models allows learners to work on their own
paces
– Class work can be schedule around personal and professional
work, resulting in flexibility learning.
Disadvantages of e – learning
-Students may feel isolated or miss social interaction.
– Un motivated learners or those with poor study habits many fall behind
-Istruction may not always be available on demand
– Slow or unreliable internet may be frustrating
-Slow or unreliable internet connections can be frustrating
– Some courses such as traditional hands – on curses can be
difficult to stimulate
E – Commerce
The buying and selling of products and services by businessmen and
consumers through an electronic medium without using any paper
documents.
E – Commerce is widely considered the buying and selling of
products over the internet, but any transaction that is completed
solely through electronic measures can be consider e – commerce
Advantages of e- commerce
– Faster buying and selling procedures as well as easy to find
products
– Buying / selling
– More reach to customers, there is no the retinal geographic
limitation
– Lower operational costs and better equality of services
– No need of physical company set ups
– Easy to start and manage a business
– Customers can easily select products from different providers
without moving around physically
Disadvantages
-Perishable goods: Goods bought and sold via the internet tend to be
durable and non perishable.
-Lack of personal service: Although some human interaction can be
facilitated via web e-commerce cannot provide the richness of
interaction provided by personal service.
-Security: Security of data moved across some mobile and wireless
network participants.
TYPES
-Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
-Consumer-to-Consumer(C2C)
-Business-to-Business (B2B)
Negative effects of internet
Cultural Issues
Information presented in the internet should careful consider the
audience and not offended because of the cultural believes.
Pornographic materials are offensive to most African cultures and
other cultures distaste particular way of dressing which may portray
an image which is not necessarily what the dissemination of
information had in mind.
Religious
In some religion rituals and symbols are serious matter to temper
with. The information that involve those symbols or rituals must be
careful treated to avoid disharmony in the concerned audience.
Other religions, their important consideration in disseminating
information are dressing code and place of worship. But internet do
not take care about the effect of audience.
Political
Politics issues can affect information from the internet is political
affiliation can affect proper dissemination of information as the
information being biased to favor certain political views.
Social
When information is corrupted from predators (internet),they
mislead and bring confusion to the audience e.g. in a children social
network, the appropriate information to the particular age is useful.
Also other societies have certain agreed code of conduct which have
a certain agreed code of conduct which have a particular
information expectation so the internet information is advised to be
highly important to ensure expected ethical code of conduct by the
audience observation.