Chemical Bonding

Ionic Bonding
1. An ionic compound A+ B− is most likely to be formed when.
(a) The ionization energy of A is high and electron affinity of B is low
(b) The ionization energy of A is low and electron affinity of B is high
(c) Both, the ionization energy of A and electron affinity of B are high
(d) Both, the ionization energy of A and electron affinity of B are low

2. Which of the following is an ionic compound?

(a) SO3 (b) ICl (c) KI (d) CHCl3

3. The compound which does not contain ionic bond is

(a) NaOH (b) HCl (c) K2S (d) LiH

4. The magnitude of the lattice energy of a solid increase if

(a) the ions are large (b) the ions are small
(c) the ions are of equal size (d) charges on the ions are mall

5. In which of the following species the bonds are non-directional?

(a) NCl3 (b) RbCl (c) BeCl2 (d) BCl3

Covalent Bonding
6. Which of the following compound does not follow octet rule?
(a) CO2 (b) PCl3 (c) ICl (d) ClF3

7. In NO3− ion, the number of bond pairs and lone pairs of electrons on nitrogen atom are
(a) 2, 2 (b) 3, 1 (c) 1, 3 (d) 4, 0

8. Which of the following has one lone pair of electrons on the central atom?
(a) H2 (b) CH4 (c) NH +4 (d) NCl3

9. Which one of the following statements is incorrect?

(a) Sodium hydride is ionic
(b) Beryllium chloride is covalent
(c) CCl4 gives a white ppt. with AgNO3 solution
(d) Bonds in NaCl are non-directional

10. The compound, which contains ionic as well as covalent bonds is

(a) C2H4Cl2 (b) CH3I (c) KCN (d) H2O2

11. In the electronic structure of acetic acid, there are

(a) 16 shared and 8 unshared electrons (b) 8 shared and 16 unshared electrons
(c) 12 shared and 12 unshared electrons (d) 18 shared and 6 unshared electrons

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12. Which of the following is an example of super octet molecule?
(a) ClF3 (b) PCl5 (c) IF7 (d) all the three
Valence Bond Theory
13. Which of the following combinations is not allowed?
(Assumed Z−axis is internuclear axis)?
(a) 2s and 2s (b) 2px and 2px (c) 2s and 2pz (d) 2px and 2py

14. A covalent bond may be formed by

(a) s−s−overlap (b) s−p−overlap (c) p−p−overlap (d) all these three

15. Lateral overlap of p−orbitals leads to the formation of

(a)  –bond (b) metallic bond (c)  –bond (d) Ionic bond

16. The number of sigma () and pi () bonds present in a molecule of tetracyanoethylene
(CN)2 C = C(CN)2 are
(a) 5 and 9 (b) 5 and 8 (c) 9 and 9 (d) 9 and 7

17. If Z-axis is the molecular axis, then -molecular orbitals are formed by the overlap of
(a) s + pz (b) px + py (c) pz + pz (d) px + px

Coordinate Bonding
18. Which of the following is best explained by co-ordinate bond?
1
(a) H2 + I2 (b) Mg + O2 (c) H+ + H2O (d) Cl + Cl
2

19. NH3 and BF3 form an adduct readily because they form
(a) An ionic bond (b) A covalent bond
(c) A coordinate bond (d) A hydrogen bond

20. The dative bond is present in

(a) NH3 (b) NH4Cl (c) PCl5 (d) NF3

Hybridisation
21. Which of the following pair does not have same shape?
(a) NH4+, CH4 (b) H3O+, NH3 (c) I3− , XeF2 (d) PF5, BrF5

22. Which of the following does not have a tetrahedral structure?

(a) SO24− (b) SF4 (c) SO 2 Cl 2 (d) SeO24−

23. The geometrical arrangement and shape of I3− are respectively

(a) Trigonal bipyramidal, T-shape (b) Octahedral, linear
(c) Trigonal planar, Angular (d) Trigonal bipyramidal, linear

24. Which of the following is octahedral?

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(a) PCl6− (b) SF4 (c) BO33− (d) BF4−

25. Which of the following have linear shape?

(a) SnCl2 (b) NO +2 (c) FNO (d) SO2

26. A molecule XY2 contains two , two  bonds and one lone pair of electrons in the valence shell of X.
The arrangement of lone pair as well as bond pairs is
(a) Square pyramidal (b) Linear
(c) Trigonal planar (d) Unpredictable

27. If the atomic number of M is 50. The shape of gaseous MCl2 is

Cl

M
M M
Cl
(a) Cl (b) Cl Cl (c) Cl (d) Cl − M − Cl

28. The shape of ClF3 molecules is

(a) Triangular planar (b) Pyramidal
(c) T−shape (d) Trigonal bipyramidal

29. C2 – C3 sigma single bond in vinyl acetylene CH2 = CH – C  CH is due to overlapping of

(a) sp – sp (b) sp2 – sp2 (c) sp – sp2 (d) sp2 – sp

30. Decreasing order of size of various orbitals is

(a) sp > sp2 > sp3 (b) sp3 > sp2 > sp (c) sp2 > sp > sp3 (d) sp > sp3 > sp2

31. Atomic orbitals of carbon in carbon dioxide are

(a) sp – hybridised (b) sp3d – hybridised (c) sp2 – hybridised (d) sp3 – hybridised

32. Which one is not tetrahedral?

(a) BF4− (b) NH +4 (c) CO32− (d) SO24−

33. On hybridization of one s and p – orbitals, we get

(a) two mutually perpendicular orbitals (b) two orbitals at 180°
(c) four orbitals directed tetrahedrally (d) three orbitals in a plane.

34. The geometry and the type of hybrid orbitals present about the central atom in BF3 is
(a) linear, sp (b) trigonal planar, sp2
(c) tetrahedral, sp3 (d) pyramidal, sp3

35. Which of the following are isoelectonic and isostructural?

NO3− , CO32− , SO3, ClO3−
(a) NO3− , CO32− (b) SO3 , NO3− (c) ClO3− , CO32− (d) CO32− , SO3

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36. CO2 is isostructural with
(a) Hg I 24− (b) SnCl2 (c) NCO − (d) NO2

37. The linear structure is assumed by

(a) SnCl2 (b) C2H2 (c) NO2 (d) SO2

38. The fluorine molecule is formed by

(a) p−p orbitals (sideways overlap) (b) p−p orbitals (end−to−end overlap)
(c) sp−sp orbitals (d) s−s orbitals

39. Two hybrid orbitals have a bond angle of 120ºC. The percentage of s character in the hybrid orbital is
nearly
(a) 25% (b) 33% (c) 50% (d) 66%

40. Which carbon is more electronegative?

(a) sp3 hybridised carbon
(b) sp hybridised carbon
(c) sp3 hybridised carbon
(d) the electron attracting power of C is always same irrespective is its hybrid state.

41. Compound in which central atom assumes sp3d hybridisation is

(a) SO3 (b) PCl5 (c) SO2 (d) PCl3

42. In OF2, oxygen has hybridisation of

(a) sp (b) sp2 (c) sp3 (d) none of these

43. C2H2 is isostructural with

(a) H2O2 (b) NO2 (c) SnCl2 (d) CO2

44. Pair of molecules having identical geometry is

(a) BF3, NH3 (b) BF3, AlF3 (c) BeF2, H2O (d) BCl3, PCl3

45. The pair of species with similar shape is

(a) PCl3, NH3 (b) CF4, SF4 (c) PbCl2, CO2 (d) PF5, IF5

46. The hybrid state of B in BF4− is

(a) sp2 (b) sp (c) sp3 (d) no specific

47. The hybridization of phosphorus in POCl3 is the same as in

(a) P in PCl3 (b) S in SF4 (c) Cl in ClF3 (d) B in BCl3

48. The hybridization of the central atom in ICl+2 is

(a) sp3d (b) sp (c) sp2 (d) sp3

49. Out of CHCl3, CH4 and SF4 the molecules having regular geometry are

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(a) CHCl3 only (b) CHCl3 and SF4 (c) CH4 only (d) CH4 and SF4

50. The molecule MLx is planar with six pairs of electrons around M in the valence shell. The value of x is
(a) 6 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 3

Bond Parameters & Fajans Rule

51. The strongest bond is
(a) C—C (b) C—H (c) C—N (d) C—O

52. Which of the following is least soluble in H2O?

(a) BaF2 (b) SrF2 (c) CaF2 (d) MgF2

53. Amongst LiCl, RbCl, BeCl2 and MgCl2, the compounds with the greatest and least ionic character
respectively are
(a) LiCl and RbCl (b) RbCl and BeCl2 (c) RbCl and MgCl2 (d) MgCl2 and BeCl2

54. Which of the following is insoluble in water?

(a) AgF (b) AgI (c) KBr (d) CaCl2

55. Which of the following is least ionic?

(a) AgCl (b) KCl (c) BaCl2 (d) CaCl2

56. In which of the following, bond angle is maximum?

(a) NH3 (b) NH +4 (c) PCl3 (d) SCl2

57. Maximum bond angle is present in case of

(a) BBr3 (b) BCl3 (c) BF3 (d) Same in all

58. The correct order of increasing C–O bond length of CO, CO32− , CO2 is
(a) CO32−  CO2  CO (b) CO2  CO32−  CO
(c) CO  CO32−  CO2 (d) CO  CO2  CO32−

59. Which one is the highest melting point?

(a) NaCl (b) NaF (c) NaBr (d) NaI

60. Which of the following statements about LiCl and NaCl is wrong?
(a) LiCl has lower melting point that NaCl
(b) LiCl dissolves more in organic solvents whereas NaCl does not
(c) LiCl is more soluble in water than NaCl
(d) Fused LiCl would be less conducting than fused NaCl

61. Which of the following has highest ionic character?

(a) MgCl2 (b) CaCl2 (c) BaCl2 (d) BeCl2

62. Covalent character is maximum in

(a) NaF (b) Na2O
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(c) Na3N (d) all have equal covalent character

63. The bond angles of NH3, NH +4 and NH −2 are in the order

(a) NH −2  NH3  NH 4+ (b) NH +4  NH3  NH 2−
(c) NH3  NH −2  NH +4 (d) NH3  NH +4  NH −2
64. The correct order of bond angles is
(a) NO−2  NO2+  NO2 (b) NO+2  NO2−  NO2
(c) NO2  NO2+  NO2− (d) NO+2  NO2  NO2−

65. The bond angle in H2S is

(a) > NH3 (b) Same as in BeCl2
(c) > H2Se & < H2O (d) Same as in CH4

66. Which of the following set contains species having same angle around the central atom?
(a) SF4, CH4, NH3 (b) NF3, BCl3, NH3 (c) BF3, NF3, AlCl3 (d) BF3, BCl3, BBr3

67. Which one of the following compounds has bond angle as nearly 90º?
(a) NH3 (b) H2S (c) H2O (d) CH4

68. The correct increasing bond angle among BF3, PF3 and ClF3 follows the order
(a) BF3 < PF3 < ClF3 (b) PF3 < BF3 < ClF3
(c) ClF3 < PF3 < BF3 (d) BF3 = PF3 = ClF3

69. The correct order of increasing covalent character of the following is

(a) SiCl4 < AlCl3 < CaCl2 < KCl (b) KCl < CaCl2 < AlCl3 < SiCl4
(c) AlCl3 < CaCl2 < KCl < SiCl4 (d) none of these

70. Indicate the type of bond angles present in IF5

(a) 90° (b) 90°, 120° (c) 90°, 180° (d) 90°, 120°, 180°

71. If Na+ is larger than Mg2+ ions and S2– ion is larger than Cl– ion, which of the following will be least
soluble in water.
(a) NaCl (b) Na2S (c) MgCl (d) MgS

72. The most covalent aluminium halide is

(a) AlF3 (b) AlCl3 (c) AlBr3 (d) AlI3

73. The three−dimensional representation of H2N− is

.. ..
H .. H . H .
(a) .. N (b) H−N−H (c) (d)
N N
H .. .. H . .
H

74. The bond angle is minimum in

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(a) NH +4 (b) NOCl (c) H2Se (d) SO3

75. F — Xe — F bond angle in XeO2F2 is approximately

(a) 90º (b) 120º (c) 180º (d) 109º 28

Polar Covalent Bonds & Dipole Moment

76. Which bond angle () would result in the maximum dipole moment for the triatomic molecule XY2?
(a)  = 90° (b)  = 120° (c)  = 150° (d)  = 180°

77. Which of the following contains both polar and non-polar bonds?
(a) NH4Cl (b) HCN (c) H2O2 (d) CH4

78. Among the following bonds which has the most polar character?
(a) C – O (b) C – Br (c) C – F (d) C – S

79. The molecule which has zero dipole moment is

(a) CH2Cl2 (b) BF3 (c) NH3 (d) ClO2

80. Which one of the following arrangement of molecules is correct on the basis of their dipole moments?
(a) BF3 > NF3 > NH3 (b) NF3 > BF3 > NH3
(c) NH3 > BF3 > NF3 (d) NH3 > NF3 > BF3

81. Among the following compounds, the one that is polar and has the central atom with sp2 hybridization is
(a) H2CO3 (b) SiF4 (c) BF3 (d) HClO2

82. Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing dipole moment.

Toluene (I), m – dichlorobenzene (II), o – dichlorobenzene (III), p – dichlorobenzene (IV).
(a) I < IV < II < III (b) IV < I < II < III (c) IV < I < III < II (d) IV < II < I < III

83. Which one of the following has zero dipole moment?

(a) ClF (b) PCl3 (c) SiF4 (d) CFCl3

84. Among the following, the molecule with highest dipole moment is
(a) CH3Cl (b) CH2Cl2 (c) CHCl3 (d) CCl4

85. Which of the following pair of molecules will have permanent dipole moment for both members
(a) NO2 and CO2 (b) NO2 and O3 (c) SiF4 and CO2 (d) SiF4 and NO2

86. Which of the following statements is correct?

(a) A  -bond is weaker than a  -bond (b) There are four coordinate bonds in the NH 4+ ion
(c) The covalent bond is directional in nature (d) HF is less polar than HCl

87. Which of the following compounds is non−polar?

(a) CH3Cl (b) CH2Cl2 (c) CHCl3 (d) CCl4

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88. Which of the following will be least polar?
(a) N−H (b) C−H (c) O−H (d) H−F

89. Which of the following has zero value of dipole moment?

(a) Benzene (b) Naphthalene
(c) p−Dichlorobenzene (d) All the three

90. Which of the following molecules has highest dipole moment?

(a) H2S (b) CO2 (c) CCl4 (d) BF3

91. Which of the following molecules has zero dipole moment?

(a) NH3 (b) CHCl3 (c) H2O (d) BF3

92. Which of the following molecules has a high dipole moment?

(a) CO2 (b) CCl4 (c) NH3 (d) BF3

93. Which of the following molecules has highest dipole moment?

(a) BF3 (b) NH3 (c) NF3 (d) B2H6

94. Which of the following molecules has non−zero dipole moment?

(a) PCl5 (b) BF3 (c) SO2 (d) CO2

95. The molecule that does not possess a permanent dipole moment is
(a) NF3 (b) BF3 (c) CH2Cl2 (d) NO2

96. Dipole moment of NF3 is smaller than

(a) NH3 (b) CO2 (c) BF3 (d) CCl4

97. The dipole moment of o, p and m−dichlorobenzene will be in the order

(a) o > p > m (b) p > o > m (c) m > o > p (d) o > m > p

98. BF3 and NF3 both are covalent compounds but NF3 is polar whereas BF3 is non-polar. This is because
(a) Nitrogen atom is smaller than boron atom
(b) N−F bond is more polar than B−F bond
(c) NF3 is pyramidal whereas BF3 is planar triangular
(d) BF3 is electron deficient whereas NF3 is not

99. Which of the following hydrogen halides has a high percentage of ionic character?
(a) HF (b) HCl (c) HBr (d) HI

Molecular Orbital Theory

100. The correct order of O—O bond length in O2, H2O2 and O3 is
(a) O2  O3  H2O2 (b) O3  H2O2  O2
(c) H2O2  O3  O2 (d) O2  H2O2  O3

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101. When N2 goes N 2+ , the N—N bond distance …….. and when O2 goes to O2+ , the O—O bond
distance………..
(a) increases, decreases (b) decreases, increases
(c) increase in both case (d) decrease in both case

102. Which of the following diatomic molecules would be stabilized by the removal of an electron
(a) C2 (b) CN (c) N2 (d) O2

*
103. The energy of 2s is greater than 1s orbital because
(a) 2s −orbital is bigger than 1s −orbital
*
(b) 2s is a bonding orbital whereas 1s is an antibonding orbital
*
(c) 2s −orbital has a greater value of n than 1s −orbital
(d) 2s −orbital is formed only after 1s

104. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

(a) He2 does not exist because its bond order is zero
(b) O2, O−2 and O+2 are all paramagnetic
(c) any two atomic orbitals can combine to form two molecular orbitals
(d)  ( 2p x ) and  ( 2p y ) are degenerate molecular orbitals

105. The bond order in peroxide ion (O 22− ) is

(a) 2  5 (b) 1  5 (c) 2 (d) 1  0

106. The bond order in O+2 is the same as in

(a) N 2− (b) CN− (c) NO+ (d) CO

107. The bond length of H +2 , H 2− and H2 are in the order

(a) H+2  H2  H2− (b) H2  H2+  H2− (c) H−2  H2  H2+ (d) H−2  H2+  H2

108. Which sequence correctly describes the relative bond strengths of oxygen molecule, superoxide ion,
peroxide ion and unipositive oxygen molecule?
(a) O+2  O−2  O22−  O2 (b) O+2  O2  O2−  O22−
(c) O22−  O2−  O2  O2+ (d) O22−  O2−  O2+  O2

109. The bond energies in NO, NO+ and NO− follow the order
(a) NO+ > NO > NO− (b) NO > NO+ > NO−
−
(c) NO > NO > NO + (d) NO+ > NO− > NO

110. Which of the following contains maximum number of electrons in the antibonding molecular orbitals?
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(a) O2 (b) O 22 − (c) O−2 (d) O+2

111. Which of the following molecules have unpaired electrons in antibonding molecular orbitals?
(a) O2 (b) N2 (c) C2 (d) B2

112. Which of the following species is paramagnetic?

(a) O2 (b) N2 (c) O 22 − (d) H2

113. In which set of molecules are all the species paramagnetic?

(a) B2, O2, N2 (b) B2, O2, NO (c) B2, F2, O2 (d) B2, O2, Li2
114. How many bonds (bond order) does B2 have?
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

115. The sequence of energy levels of MO’s formed from the outermost shells of C2 molecule is
( ) ( )
(a)  ( 2s )  * ( 2s )   ( 2px ) =  2py   ( 2pz )  * ( 2px ) = * 2py  * ( 2pz )
(b)  ( 2s )   ( 2s )   ( 2px ) =  ( 2py )   ( 2pz )   ( 2pz )   ( 2py ) = * ( 2pz )
* * *

(c)  ( 2s )  * ( 2s )   ( 2pz ) =  ( 2py )  * ( 2px ) = * ( 2py )  * ( 2py )  * ( 2pz )

(d)  ( 2s )  * ( 2s )   ( 2pz )   ( 2px ) =  ( 2py )  * ( 2pz )  * ( 2px ) = * ( 2py )

116. Which among the following molecules/ions is diamagnetic?

(a) Super oxide ion (b) Oxygen
(c) Carbon molecule (d) Unipositive ion of N2 molecule

117. Bond order of C–C bond in Calcium Carbide, CaC2

(a) 2 (b) 2.5 (c) 3 (d) 3.5

118. Which graph best represent the energy diagram of molecular orbitals vs distance between atoms?

Anti-bonding MO Anti-bonding MO
Energy Energy
(a) O
(b) O

Bonding MO Bonding MO

Distance between atoms Distance between atoms

Anti-bonding MO

Bonding MO
Energy Energy
(c) O
(d) O

Anti-bonding MO Bonding MO

Distance between atoms

Distance between atoms

Hydrogen Bonding

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119. Among HF, CH4, CH3OH and N2O4, intermolecular hydrogen bonding is expected
(a) in all (b) in all expect one (c) in two (d) in none

120. The high boiling point of water is due to

(a) Weak dissociation of water (b) Hydrogen bonding among water molecules
(c) Its high specific heat (d) Its high dielectric constant

121. Hydrogen bonding is absent in

(a) H2O (b) NH3 (c) C2H5OH (d) C2H5OC2H5

122. What is the maximum number of hydrogen bonds in which a water molecule can participate?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

123. Which of the following hydrogen halides is most volatile?

(a) HF (b) HCl (c) HBr (d) HI

124. Amongst H2O, H2S, H2Se and H2Te, the one with the highest boiling point is
(a) H2O because of hydrogen bonding (b) H2Te because of higher molecular weight
(c) H2S because of hydrogen bonding (d) H2Se because of lower molecular weight

125. The boiling point is not affected due to hydrogen bonding in

(a) Water (b) ammonia (c) methyl alcohol (d) hydrogen chloride

126. The correct order of the strength of H−bonds is

(a) H…..F > H…..O > H…..N (b) H…..N > H…..O > H…..F
(c) H…..O > H…..N > H…..F (d) H…..F > H…..N > H…..O

127. In ice, the length of H−bonds

(a) is less than that of covalent bonds
(b) is greater than that of covalent bonds
(c) is same as that of covalent bonds
(d) can be less, greater or same as that of covalent bonds

128. The boiling points of methanol, water and dimethyl ether are respectively 65ºC, 100ºC and 34.5ºC.
Which of the following best explains these wide variations in b.p.
(a) the molecular mass increases from water (18) to methanol (32) to diethyl ether (74)
(b) the extent of H−bonding decreases from water to methanol while it is absent in ether
(c) the extent of intramolecular H−bonding decreases from ether to methanol to water
(d) the density of water is 1.00g ml−1, methanol 0.7914g ml−1 and that of diethyl ether is0.7137g ml−1

129. Intramolecular H−bonding is present in

(a) o−Nitrophenol (b) Salicylaldehyde (c) m−Nitrophenol (d) both (a) and (b)

130. Which of the following compounds has the least tendency to form hydrogen bonds between molecules?
(a) NH3 (b) NH2OH (c) HF (d) CH3F

131. The weakest bond among the following is

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(a) ionic (b) covalent (c) metallic (d) hydrogen bond

132. Incorrect order of decreasing boiling points is

(a) HF > HI > HBr > HCl (b) H2O > H2Te > H2Se > H2S
(c) Br2 > Cl2 > F2 (d) CH4 > GeH4 > SiH4

133. Which of the following does not contain any coordinate bond?
(a) H3O+ (b) BF4− (c) HF2− (d) NH +4

134. Which of the following has highest viscosity?

(a) Glycerol (b) Glycol (c) Ethanol (d) Water

Miscellaneous
135. Which of the following statements concerning a covalent bond is false?
(a) The electrons are shared between atoms
(b) The bond is non−directional
(c) The strength of the bond depends upon the extent of overlapping
(d) The bond formed may be polar or non−polar.

136. Which of the following has a 3 centered 2 electron bond?

(a) BF3 (b) NH3 (c) CO2 (d) B2H6

137. Out of the following which has highest dipole moment?

(a) 2,2-dimethyl propane (b) trans-2-pentene
(c) cis-3-hexene (d) 2,2,3,3-tetramethyl butane

138. Identify the false statement

(a) Anhyd. FeCl3 cannot exist in dimeric form
(b) Maximum polarisation is brought about by a cation of high charge
(c) The bond dissociation energy of a metallic bond is greater than that of a hydrogen bond.
(d) The conversion of Na to Na+ is an endothermic process

139. In which of the following set of molecules is the order of boiling points incorrect?
(a) Xe > Ar > He (b) HF > HCl > HBr
(c) H2O > H2Se > H2S (d) C3H8> C2H6> CH4

140. Among KO2, AlO−2 , BaO2 and NO +2 unpaired electron is present in

(a) NO +2 and BaO2 (b) KO2 and AlO−2 (c) KO2 only (d) BaO2 only

141. The electronegativity difference between two atoms A and B is 2 then percentage of covalent character
in the molecule is
(a) 54% (b) 46% (c) 23% (d) 72%

142. For resonance structure a molecule may not have

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 Chemical Bonding
(a) Identical arrangement of atoms (b) Nearly same energy contents
(c) The same number of paired electrons (d) Identical bonding

143. Which is paramagnetic?

(a) Cl2O6 (b) Cl2O7 (c) Cl2O (d) ClO2

144. Which of the following statements concerning elements with atomic number 10 is true?
(a) it forms a covalent net work of solids (b) its molecules are monoatomic
(c) it has a very high value of electron affinity (d) it has extremely low value of ionisation energy.

145. Which of the following is solid with highest melting point?

(a) CO2 (b) H2O (c) SiO2 (d) He

146. Which one has least O-O bond length?

(a) O2 (b) Na2O2 (c) KO2 (d) O3

1. Which ion below has a noble gas electron configuration?

2+
(a) Li (b) Be 2 + (c) B 2 + (d) C 2 +

2. Of the ions below, only __________ has a noble gas electron configuration.
(a) S3+ (b) O2+ (c) I + (d) Cl −

3. Which of the following has eight valence electrons?

4+
(a) Ti (b) Kr (c) Cl − (d) all of the above

4. Which of the following does not have eight valence electrons?

(a) Ca + (b) Rb + (c) Xe (d) Br −

5. The chloride of which of the following metals should have the greatest lattice energy?
(a) potassium (b) rubidium (c) sodium (d) lithium

6. Lattice energy is __________.

(a) the energy required to convert a mole of ionic solid into its constituent ions in the gas phase
(b) the energy given off when gaseous ions combine to form one mole of an ionic solid
(c) the energy required to produce one mole of an ionic compound from its constituent elements in
their standard states
(d) the sum of ionization energies of the components in an ionic solid

7. In ionic bond formation, the lattice energy of ions ________ as the magnitude of the ion charges
_______ and the radii __________.
(a) increases, decrease, increase (b) increases, increase, increase
(c) decreases, increase, increase (d) increases, increase, decrease
8. The electron configuration [Kr]4d10 represents __________.

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 Chemical Bonding
(a) Sr +2 (b) Sn +2 (c) Te+2 (d) Ag +1

9. Fe+2 ions are represented by __________.

(a) [Ar]3d1 (b) [Ar]3d4 (c) [Ar]3d6 (d) [Ar]3d104s1

10. The type of compound that is most likely to contain a covalent bond is __________.
(a) one that is composed of a metal from the far left of the periodic table and a nonmetal from the far
right of the periodic table
(b) a solid metal
(c) one that is composed of only nonmetals
(d) held together by the electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions

11. In which of the molecules below is the carbon-carbon distance the shortest?
(a) H2C = CH2 (b) C2 H 2 (c) H3C − CH3 (d) H2C = C = CH2

12. Of the atoms below, __________ is the most electronegative.

(a) Si (b) Cl (c) Rb (d) Ca

13. Of the atoms below, __________ is the least electronegative.

(a) Rb (b) F (c) Si (d) Cl

14. Which of the elements below has the largest electronegativity?

(a) Si (b) Mg (c) P (d) S

15. Of the molecules below, the bond in __________ is the most polar.
(a) HBr (b) HI (c) HCl (d) HF

16. Of the bonds below, __________ is the least polar.

(a) Na, S (b) P, S (c) C, F (d) Na, Cl

17. Which of the following has the bonds correctly arranged in order of increasing polarity?
(a) Be − F, Mg − F, N − F, O − F (b) O − F, N − F, Be − F, Mg − F
(c) O − F, Be − F, Mg − F, N − F (d) N − F, Be − F, Mg − F, O − F

18. Which two bonds are most similar in polarity?

(a) O − F and Cl − F (b) B − F and Cl − F
(c) Al − Cl and I − Br (d) I − Br and Si − Cl

19. The bond length in an HI molecule is 1.61 Å and the measured dipole moment is 0.44 D. What is the
magnitude (in units of e) of the negative charge on I in HI?
( 1 debye = 3.34 10−30 coulomb-meters ; e = 1.6 10−19 coulombs )
(a) 1.6  10−19 (b) 0.057 (c) 9.1 (d) 1

20. The structure of N 2 H 2 shows __________.

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 Chemical Bonding
(a) a nitrogen-nitrogen triple bond
(b) a nitrogen-nitrogen single bond
(c) each nitrogen has one nonbonding electron pair
(d) each nitrogen has two nonbonding electron pairs

21. There are __________ valence electrons in CH3CH2Cl.

(a) 14 (b) 12 (c) 18 (d) 20

22. In the Lewis symbol for a sulfur atom, there are ________ paired and ________ unpaired electrons.
(a) 2, 2 (b) 4, 2 (c) 2, 4 (d) 0, 6

23. Compare C–O bond strength amongst

(a) CO > CO2 > CO32– (b) CO > CO32– > CO2
(c) CO32– > CO2 > CO (d) CO < CO32– < CO2

24. In the nitrite ion ( NO −2 ), __________.

(a) both bonds are single bonds
(b) both bonds are double bonds
(c) one bond is a double bond and the other is a single bond
(d) both bonds are the same

25. Resonance structures differ by __________.

(a) placement of electrons only (b) number of electrons only
(c) placement of atoms only (d) number of atoms only

26. The oxidation number of phosphorus in PF3 is __________.

(a) –2 (b) +1 (c) +3 (d) +2

27. To convert from one resonance structure to another, __________.

(a) only atoms can be moved (b) electrons and atoms can both be moved
(c) only electrons can be moved (d) neither electrons nor atoms can be moved

28. For resonance forms of a molecule or ion, __________.

(a) one always corresponds to the observed structure
(b) all the resonance structures are observed in various proportions
(c) the observed structure is an average of the resonance forms
(d) the same atoms need not be bonded to each other in all resonance forms

For the questions that follow, consider following oxyanions:

(i) NO −2 (ii) NO3− (iii) SO32−
(iv) SO24− (v) BrO3−

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 Chemical Bonding
29. There can be four equivalent best resonance structures of __________.
(a) (ii) (b) (iii) (c) (i) (d) (iv)

30. In which of the ions do all X-O bonds (X indicates the central atom) have the same length?
(a) none (b) all (c) (i) and (ii) (d) (iii) and (v)

31. Of the following, __________ cannot accommodate more than an octet of electrons.
(a) P (b) As (c) O (d) S

32. Which of the following species is not paramagnetic?

(a) B2 (b) NO (c) CO (d) O2

33. Which of the following does not have eight valence electrons?
(a) Xe (b) Ti +4 (c) Rb+1 (d) Sr +1

34. A valid Lewis structure of __________ cannot be drawn without violating the octet rule.
(a) PO34− (b) SiF4 (c) CF4 (d) SeF4

35. The central atom in __________ does not violate the octet rule.
(a) SF4 (b) KrF2 (c) CF4 (d) XeF4

36. The central atom in __________ violates the octet rule.

(a) NH3 (b) SeF2 (c) BF3 (d) AsF3

37. A valid Lewis structure of __________ cannot be drawn without violating the octet rule.
(a) ClF3 (b) PCl3 (c) SO 3 (d) CCl 4

38. A valid Lewis structure of __________ cannot be drawn without violating the octet rule.
(a) N I3 (b) SO 2 (c) ICl5 (d) SiF4

39. A valid Lewis structure of __________ cannot be drawn without violating the octet rule.
(a) NF3 (b) BeH2 (c) SO 2 (d) CF4

40. Using MO theory predict which of the following species has the shortest bond length?
(a) O 22 + (b) O+2 (c) O−2 (d) O 22 −

41. Bond enthalpy is __________.

(a) always positive (b) always negative
(c) sometimes positive, sometimes negative (d) always zero

42. Which one of the following constitutes a group of the isoelectronic species?
(a) N 2 , O−2 , NO+ , CO (b) C22− , O−2 , CO, NO

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 Chemical Bonding
(c) NO+ , C22− , CN− , N 2 (d) CN − , N 2 , O22− , C22−

43. Of the bonds C–N, C=N and C  N , the C–N bond is __________.
(a) strongest/shortest (b) strongest/longest
(c) weakest/shortest (d) weakest/longest

44. As the number of covalent bonds between two atoms increases, the distance between the atoms
________ and the strength of the bond between them __________.
(a) increases, increases (b) decreases, decreases
(c) increases, decreases (d) decreases, increases

45. Of the possible bonds between carbon atoms (single, double, and triple), __________.
(a) a triple bond is longer than a single bond
(b) a double bond is stronger than a triple bond
(c) a single bond is stronger than a triple bond
(d) a double bond is longer than a triple bond

46. The molecule which possesses both sp3 and sp3d2 hybridisation is
(a) solid PCl5 (b) gaseous PCl5 (c) PCl4 (d) PCl6

47. Which of the following is not paramagnetic?

(a) O−2 (b) O 22 − (c) O+2 (d) O 2

48. The pair of molecules forming strongest intermolecular hydrogen bonding are
(a) H2O and H2 (b) HCOOH and CH3COOH
(c) CH3COCH3 and CHCl3 (d) SiH 4 and SiF6

49. The hybridisation state of central atom in PCl5 is

(a) dsp3 (b) sp3 (c) sp3d 2 (d) sp 3 d

50. Which of the following has sp 3 − hybridization?

(a) BBr3 (b) XeF4 (c) BCl3 (d) XeO3

51. Which of the following is not linear?

(a) I3− (b) CO 2 (c) ClO−2 (d) None of these.

52. Which of the following compounds, shows ionic, covalent and coordinate bonds?
(a) NaCl (b) HCl (c) CuSO4 5H2O (d) CaSO 4 5H 2O

53. Which of the following is polar?

(a) IF7 (b) SF6 (c) PCl3 (d) PCl5

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 Chemical Bonding
54. Which of the following has no dipole moment?
(a) H2O (b) O 3 (c) SO 2 (d) CO 2

55. Which of the following is non-linear molecule?

(a) BeCl2 (b) CS2 (c) CO2 (d) SO 3

56. Which one of the following is highest melting halide?

(a) AgI (b) AgF (c) AgBr (d) AgCl

57. The polarising ability of which one of the following is highest?

(a) large –ve ion (b) small, highly –ve ion
(c) large +ve ion (d) small, highly +ve ion

58. In O−2 , O2 and O 22 − molecular species, the total number of antibonding electrons respectively are
(a) 8, 6, 8 (b) 6, 6, 6 (c) 1, 0, 2 (d) 7, 6, 8

59. Maximum number of hydrogen bonding in H2O is

(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 4

60. Which of the following molecules has pyramidal shape?

(a) CO32− (b) SO 3 (c) PCl3 (d) NO3−
61. Which of the following has covalent bond?
(a) NaH (b) AlCl3 (c) Na 2S (d) MgCl2

62. Increasing order of electronegativity of the hybrid orbitals is

(a) sp < sp 2  sp 3 (b) sp 2  sp < sp 3 (c) sp3  sp 2  sp (d) sp 2  sp 3  sp

63. Among the following, shortest bond length is in

(a) N 2 (b) O 2 (c) F2 (d) Cl2

64. How many C–C bonds are there in ?

(a) 14, 8 (b) 18, 8 (c) 9, 4 (d) 14, 2

65. Pair of species having identical shapes for molecules is

(a) CF4 , SF4 (b) BF3 , PCl3 (c) XeF2 , CO2 (d) PF5 , IF5

66. Which of the following represents isostructural pairs?

(a)  NF3 , NO3−  and BF3 , H3O+  (b)  NF3 , HN3  and  NO3− , BF3 
(c)  NF3 , H3O+  and  NO3− , BF3  (d)  NF3 , H3O+  and HN3 , BF3 

67. Among the following, the pair in which the two species are not isostructural is
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 Chemical Bonding
(a) IO3− and XeO3 (b) BH−4 and NH +4 (c) PF6− and SF6 (d) SiF4 and SF4

68. Which of the following compounds has the smallest bond angle in its molecule?
(a) SO2 (b) H2O (c) H2S (d) NH3

69. An ether is more volatile than an alcohol having the same molecular formula. This is due to:
(a) dipolar character of ethers.
(b) alcohols having resonance structures.
(c) inter-molecular hydrogen bonding in ethers.
(d) inter-molecular hydrogen bonding in alcohols.

70. The bond order in NO is 2.5 while that in NO+ is 3. Which of the following statements is true for these
two species?
(a) bond length in NO+ is greater than in NO
(b) bond length in NO is greater than in NO+
(c) bond length in NO+ is equal to that in NO
(d) bond length is unpredictable

71. The states of hybridization of boron and oxygen atoms in boric acid (H3BO3) are respectively :
(a) sp2 and sp2 (b) sp2 and sp3 (c) sp3 and sp2 (d) sp3 and sp3

72. Based on lattice energy and other considerations, which one of the following alkali metal chlorides is
expected to have the highest melting point ?
(a) LiCl (b) NaCl (c) KCl (d) RbCl

73. The molecular shapes of SF4 , CF4 and XeF4 are

(a) The same with 2, 0 and 1 lone pairs of electrons on the central atoms respectively
(b) The same with 1, 1 and 1 lone pair of electrons on the central atoms respectively
(c) Different with 0, 1 and 2 lone pairs of electrons on the central atoms respectively.
(d) Different with 1, 0 and 2 lone pairs of electrons on the central atoms respectively.

74. Which of the following molecules/ions does not contain unpaired electrons?
(a) O 22 − (b) B 2 (c) N +2 (d) O 2

75. In which of the molecules/ions are all the bonds not equal?
(a) SF4 (b) Si F4 (c) XeF4 (d) BF4−

76. Which of the following species exhibits the diamagnetic behavior?

(a) NO (b) O 22 − (c) O+2 (d) O 2

77. The charge/size ratio of a cation determines its polarizing power. Which one of the following
sequences represents the increasing order of the polarizing power of the cationic species
K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Be2+ ?

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 Chemical Bonding
(a) Ca 2+  Mg2+  Be+  K+ (b) Mg2+  Be2+  K +  Ca 2+
(c) Be2+  K +  Ca 2+  Mg 2+ (d) K +  Ca 2+  Mg 2+  Be2+

78. In which of the following ionization processers, the bond order has increased and the magnetic
behaviour has changed?
(a) N 2 → N 2+ (b) C2 → C+2 (c) NO → NO+ (d) O2 → O2+

79. Which of the following hydrogen bonds is the strongest?

(a) O − H − − − F (b) O − H − − − H (c) F − H − − − F (d) O − H − − − O

Numerical Answer Type

1. Find out the ratio of sigma and -bond in C2(CN)4.

2. How many 109°28' bond angles in CH4 molecule?

3. Find the total number of polar molecules

SF4, PCl5, PCl3F2, SF6, XeF2, NO +2 , BF2C1, BF3, PF3Cl2

4. Find the number of molecule having two lone pair electrons on central atom
I3+ , XeF2 , XeF4 , H2O, NH2− , H 2S, H 2SO4 , NF3
5. Find the number of species having more than or equal to 4 bond angles.
CH4 , CCl4 , CHCl3 , XeF6 , XeF4 , CO2 , SO2 , SOCl2 , POCl3

6. Find the sum of number of excited state in each molecule during the formation of the following.
SO3 , CH4 , OF2 , SF2 , XeF4 , POCl3

7. Find the number of sp3d hybridised species.

[XeF4 ]2+ , [ClF4 ]+ , SF5  , [IF2 ]− , [SiF5 ]− , XeF2  , [SF2 ]2− , [PF2 ]3−
+

8. Find the number of acids which have tetrahedral shape w.r.t. central atom.
H3PO4 , H2SO4 , H3PO3 , H3PO2 , H3BO3, HClO4 , HClO3, H2CO3

9. Find the number of compounds having zero dipole moment:

BF3 , CCl4 , XeF6 , SF6 , PCl2F3 , PClF4 , CHCl3 , HF, SO3 , SO2

10. How many molecules have two lone pairs on the central atom?
H2O, SF4 , I3− , XeF5− , XeO3 , XeOF4 , PCl3 , NCl3 , ClF3 , XeF2 , NO2− , CO32−

11. Find the number of planar molecules.

(a) BF3 (b) BCl3 (c) CO32− (d) SO3 (e) NH3
(f) NF3 (g) PCl3 (h) PF3
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 Chemical Bonding
12. Find the number of compounds having sp3 hybridised central atom among the following species:
[PCl4 ]− , [XeF5 ]− , SF4 , PCl5 , Cl2O6 , Cl2O7 , Cr2O72− , S2O72− , SO2Cl 2 , SOCl2

13. How many of the following molecules have a definite geometry?

CCl4 , NH3 , CHCl3 , BF2Cl, SO3 , SF6 , OSF4 , PCl5 , ClF3

14. Find the total number of non-polar compounds among the following.
BCl2F, BF3 , SF6 , SOCl2 , COCl2 , B3N3H6 , PCl3F2 , PF3Cl2

15. Find the total number of species which are planar.

I3+ , XeF4 , SF4 , C2F4 , H 2O2 , BrF4− , SO3 , NOCl, ClF3 , F2CO, XeF5−

16. How many of the following are diamagnetic?

O2 , O22+ , O22− , B22− , C22+ , C22− , C2 , N2 , N 2+

17. How many of the following molecules are paramagnetic?

KO2, Na2O2, CaO, KF, NO2, NO

18. How many of the following options are correct regarding bond length?
N−2  N2 , NO  NO+ , H +2  H −2 , N −2  N 2 , NO+  NO

19. Find number of shorter bond(s) in IF7.

20. Find the number of electrons added to antibonding orbital when N2 is changing into N −2 .

MCQs with One Correct Answer

1. Which one of the following molecules is polar? [Main 2013]
(a) XeF4 (b) IF5 (c) SbF5 (d) CF4

2. Bond distance in HF is 9.17  10–11 m. Dipole moment of HF is 6.104  10–30 Cm. The percentage
ionic character in HF will be : (electron charge = 1.60  10–19 C) [Main 2013]
(a) 61.0% (b) 38.0% (c) 35.5% (d) 41.5%

3. The shape of IF6− is : [Main 2013]

(a) Trigonally distorted octahedron (b) Pyramidal
(c) Octahedral (d) Square antiprism

4. Amongst LiCl, RbCl, BeCl2 and MgCl2 the compounds with the greatest and the least ionic character,
respectively are : [Main 2014]
(a) LiCl and RbCl (b) RbCl and BeCl2 (c) MgCl2 and BeCl2 (d) RbCl and MgCl2

5. Which of the following molecules has two sigma () and two pi () bonds? [Main 2014]
(a) C2H4 (b) N2F2 (c) C2H2Cl2 (d) HCN

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 Chemical Bonding
6. The intermolecular interaction that is dependent on the inverse cube of distance between the molecules is:
(a) London force (b) hydrogen bond [Main 2015]
(c) ion-ion interaction (d) ion-dipole interaction

7. Molecule AB has a bond length of 1.617 Å and a dipole moment of 0.38 D. The fractional charge on
each atom (absolute magnitude) is : ( e0 = 4.802 10−10 esu ) [Main 2015]
(a) 0.5 (b) 0.05 (c) 0 (d) 1.0

8. Given below STATEMENT-1 (Assertion) and STATEMENT-2 (Reason) are two statements. One is
labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion : In the bonding molecular orbital (MO) of H2, electron density is increased between the
nuclei.
Reason : The bonding MO is A + B , which shows destructive interference of the combining
electron waves. [Main 2015]
After understanding the assertion and reason, choose the correct option.
(a) If both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are correct, and Statement-2 is the correct explanation of the
Statement-2.
(b) If both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are correct, but Statement-2 is not the correct explanation of
the Statement-1.
(c) If Statement-1 is correct but Statement-2 is incorrect.
(d) If Statement-1 is incorrect but Statement-2 is correct.

9. The species in which the N atom is in a state of sp hybridisation is : [Main 2016]

(a) NO3− (b) NO2 (c) NO +2 (d) NO −
2

10. Total number of lone pair of electrons in I3− ion is : [Main 2018]
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 12

11. Which of the following compounds contain(s) no covalent bond(s)? [Main 2018]
(a) KCl, B2H6, PH3 (b) KCl, H2SO4 (c) KCl (d) KCl, B2H6

12. During the change of O2 to O−2 , the incoming electron goes to the orbital: [Main 2019]
(a)  2p y (b)  * 2p z (c)  * 2p x (d)  2p x

13. The ion that has sp3d2 hydridisation for the central atom, is : [Main 2019]
(a) [ICl4]– (b) [ICl2]– (c) [IF6]– (d) [BrF2]–

14. Among the following species, the diamagnetic molecule is: [Main 2019]
(a) NO (b) CO (c) B2 (d) O2

15. The dipole moments of CCl4, CHCl3 and CH4 are in the order: [Main 2020]
(a) CHCl3 < CH4 = CCl4 (b) CCl4 < CH4 < CHCl3
(c) CH4 < CCl4 < CHCl3 (d) CH4 = CCl4 < CHCl3

16. The bond order and the magnetic characteristic of CN– are: [Main 2020]
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 Chemical Bonding
1
(a) 2 , diamagnetic (b) 3, diamagnetic
2
1
(c) 3, paramagnetic (d) 2 , paramagnetic
2

17. Match the type of interaction in column A with the distance dependence of their interaction energy in
column B. [Main 2020]

A B
(I) ion-ion (A) 1r
(II) dipole-dipole (B) 1 r2
(III) London dispersion (C) 1 r3
(D) 1 r6
(a) (I)-(B), (II)-(D), (III)-(C) (b) (I)-(A), (II)-(B), (III)-(D)
(c) (I)-(A), (II)-(B), (III)-(C) (d) (I)-(A), (II)-(C), (III)-(D)

18. The relative strength of interionic / intermolecular forces in decreasing order is : [Main 2020]
(a) dipole-dipole > ion-dipole > ion-ion (b) ion-dipole > ion-ion > dipole-dipole
(c) ion-dipole > dipole-dipole > ion-ion (d) ion-ion > ion-dipole > dipole-dipole

19. The interaction energy of London forces between two particles is proportional to r x , where r is the
distance between the particle. The value of x is : [Main 2021]
(a) 3 (b) –3 (c) –6 (d) 6

20. Identify the species having one -bond and maximum number of canonical forms from the following:
[Main 2021]
2−
(a) SO3 (b) O2 (c) SO2 (c) CO3

21. Which of the following compound CANNOT act as a Lewis base? [Main 2021]
(a) NF3 (b) PCl5 (c) ClF3 (d) SF4

22. Which among the following species has unequal bond lengths? [Main 2021]
(a) XeF4 (b) BF4− (c) SF4 (d) SiF4

23. The bond order and magnetic behavior of O−2 ion are, respectively : [Main 2021]
(a) 1.5 and paramagnetic (b) 1.5 and diamagnetic
(c) 2 and diamagnetic (d) 1 and paramagnetic

24. Match list-I with list-II [Main 2021]

List-I (Molecule) List-II (Bond order)
(A) Ne2 (I) 1
(B) N2 (II) 2
(C) F2 (III) 0
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 Chemical Bonding
(D) O2 (IV) 3
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
(a) (A)-(IV); (B)-(III); (C)-(II); (D)-(I) (b) (A)-(II); (B)-(I); (C)-(IV); (D)-(III)
(c) (A)-(I); (B)-(II); (C)-(III); (D)-(IV) (d) (A)-(III); (B)-(IV); (C)-(I); (D)-(II)

25. Which of the following pairs of molecules contain odd electron molecule and an expanded octet
molecule? [Main 2022]
(a) BCl3 and SF6 (b) NO and H2SO4 (c) SF6 and H2SO4 (d) BCl3 and NO

26. Arrange the following in increasing order of their covalent character. [Main 2022]
(A) CaF2 (B) CaCl2 (C) CaBr2 (D) CaI2
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
(a) B < A < C < D (b) A < B < C < D (c) A < B < D < C (d) A < C < B < D

27. Arrange the following in the decreasing order of their covalent character: [Main 2022]
(A) LiCl (B) NaCl (C) KCl (D) CsCl
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
(a) (A) > (C) > (B) > (D) (b) (B) > (A) > (C) > (D)
(c) (A) > (B) > (C) > (D) (d) (A) > (B) > (D) > (C)

28. Number of electron deficient molecules among the following: PH3, B2H6, CCl4, NH3, LiH and BCl3 is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 [Main 2022]

29. Number of lone pairs electrons in the central atom of SCl2, O3, ClF3 and SF6, respectively, are:
[Main 2022]
(a) 0, 1, 2 and 2 (b) 2, 1, 2 and 0 (c) 1, 2, 2 and 0 (d) 2, 0, 2 and 0

30. Consider the species CH4, NH +4 and BH−4 . Choose the correct option with respect to the there species:
(a) They are isoelectronic and only two have tetrahedral structures [Main 2022]
(b) They isoelectronic and all have tetrahedral structures
(c) Only two are isoelectronic and all have tetrahedral structures
(d) Only two are isoelectronic and only tow have tetrahedral structures

31. Number of lone pair(s) of electrons on central atom and the shape of BrF3 molecule respectively, are:
(a) 0, triangular planar (b) 1, pyramidal [Main 2022]
(c) 2, bent T-shape (d) 1, bent T-shape

32. Identify the incorrect statement for PCl5 from the following. [Main 2022]
3
(a) In this molecule, orbitals of phosphorous are assumed to undergo sp d hybridization.
(b) The geometry of PCl5 is trigonal bipyramidal.
(c) PCl5 has two axial bonds stronger than three equatorial bonds.
(d) The three equatorial bonds of PCl5 lie in a plane.

33. PCl5 is well known but NCl5 is not. Because. [Main 2022]
(a) nitrogen is less reactive than phosphorous.
(b) nitrogen doesn’t have d-orbitals in its valence shell.
(c) catenation tendency is weaker in nitrogen than phosphorous.
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 Chemical Bonding
(d) size of phosphorous is larger than nitrogen.

34. If AB4 molecule is a polar molecule, a possible geometry of AB4 is : [Main 2022]
(a) Square pyramidal (b) Tetrahedral
(c) Rectangular planar (d) Square planar

35. The correct order of increasing intermolecular hydrogen bond strength is [Main 2022]
(a) HCN < H2O < NH3 (b) HCN < CH4 < NH3
(c) CH4 < HCN < NH3 (d) CH4 < NH3 < HCN

36. Consider the ions/molecules O+2 , O2 , O2− , O22− . [Main 2022]

For increasing bond order the correct option is :
(a) O22−  O−2  O2  O+2 (b) O−2  O22−  O2  O2+
(c) O−2  O22−  O2+  O2 (d) O−2  O+2  O22−  O2

37. Bonding in which of the following diatomic molecule(s) become(s) stronger, on the basic of MO
Theory, by removal of an electron? [Main 2022]
(A) NO (B) N2 (C) O2 (D) C2 (E) B2
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) (A), (B), (C) only (b) (B), (C), (E) only
(c) (A), (C) only (d) (D) only

38. The structure of PCl5 in the solid state is : [Main 2022]

+ –
(a) tetrahedral [PCl4] and octahedral [PCl6]
(b) square planar [PCl4]+ and octahedral [PCl6]–
(c) square pyramidal
(d) trigonal bipyramidal
39. Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A: Zero orbital overlap is an out phase overlap.
Reason R: It results due to different orientation/direction of approach of orbitals.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true. [Main 2022]

40. Given below are two statements. [Main 2022]

2+ 3+
Statement I: O2, Cu and Fe are weakly attracted by magnetic field and are magnetized in the same
direction as magnetic field.
Statement II: NaCl and H2O are weakly magnetized in opposite direction to magnetic field.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer form the options given below:
(a) Both statement I and statement II are correct.
(b) Both statement I and statement II are incorrect.
(c) Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect.
(d) Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct.

[Type here]
 Chemical Bonding
Numerical Value Answer
41. According to molecular orbital theory, the number of unpaired electron(s) in O22− is: [Main 2022]
x
42. The difference between bond order of CO and NO is where x = __________.
2
(Round off to the Nearest Integer) [Main 2022]
43. AX is a covalent diatomic molecule where A and X are second row elements of periodic table. Based
on Molecular orbital theory, the bond order of AX is 2.5.
The total number of electrons in AX is _________. [Main 2022]
44. AB3 is an interhalogen T-shaped molecule. The number of lone pairs of electrons on A is _______.
[Main 2022]
−
45. The number of lone pairs of electrons on the central I atom in I3 is _____. [Main 2022]

46. The number of species below that have two lone pairs of electrons in their central atom is ______.
SF4, BF4− , ClF3, AsF3, PCl5, BrF5, XeF4, SF6 [Main 2022]

47. The hybridization of P exhibited in PF5 is spxdy. The value of y is ________. [Main 2022]

48. The number of paramagnetic species among the following is _______. [Main 2022]
B2 , Li 2 , C2 , C2− , O22− , O2+ and He +2
49. According to MO theory, number of species/ions from the following having identical bond order is
CN− , NO+ , O2 , O+2 , O22+ [Main 2022]
50. Amongst SF4, XeF4, CF4 and H2O, the number of species with two lone pairs of electrons ______.
[Main 2022]
51. Amongst the following, the number of molecule(s) having net resultant dipole moment is _________.
NF3, BF3, BeF2, CHCl3, H2S, SiF4, CCl4, PF5 [Main 2022]

Only One Option Correct

1. Out of the three molecules XeF4, SF4, SiF4 one which has tetrahedral structures is
(a) all the three (b) only SiF4
(c) both SF4 and XeF4 (d) only SF4 and XeF4

2. Which of the following molecules or ions is not linear?

(a) BeCl2 (b) ICl−2 (c) CS2 (d) ICl2+

3. Which of the following is non–polar but contains polar bonds?

(a) HCl (b) H2O (c) SO3 (d) NO2

4. Which species has the maximum number of lone pair of electrons on the central atom?
(A)  CIO3   I3 −
−
(b) XeF4 (c) SF4 (d)

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 Chemical Bonding
5. The shape of ClO−4 is
(a) Square planar (b) Square pyramidal (c) Tetrahedral (d) Trigonal bipyramidal

*
6. The 2s orbital has a higher energy than *1s orbital, 2s, orbital is bonding while 1s orbital is
antibonding because
* *
(a) 2s is planar while 1s is non-planar. (b) 2s is symmetrical while 1s is unsymmetrical.
*
(c) 2s is nearer to the nuclei than 1s . (d) None of these

7. A molecule of chloral hydrate contains two −OH groups attached to a single carbon atom as shown
below
Cl OH
Cl−C C−H
Cl OH
Its extra stability is due to the presence of
(a) intramolecular hydrogen bonding. (b) its planar structure.
(c) its symmetrical structure. (d) none of these.

8. The stability of O2, O 22 − , O−2 and O+2 in their respective dissociation reaction is in the order
(a) O+2  O2  O2−  O22− (b) O22−  O2−  O2  O2+
(c) O+2  O−2  O2  O22− (d) O+2  O22−  O2  O22−

9. Homolytic fission of C−C bonding ethane (CH3−CH3) gives an intermediate in which carbon atom is
(a) sp3 hybridised (b) sp2 hybridised (c) sp hybridised (d) sp2d hybridised

10. Which of the following is paramagnetic O 22 − and BN?

(a) Both (b) None (c) O 22 − (d) BN

11. Pick out the incorrect statement?

(a) N2 has greater dissociation energy than N +2 (b) O2 has lower dissociation energy than O 2+ .
(c) Bond length in N +2 is less than in N2. (d) Bond length in NO+ is less than in NO.

12. KF combines with HF to form KHF2. The compound contains the species
(a) K+, F− and H+ (b) K+, F− and HF (c) K+ and [HF2]− (d) [KHF]+ and F2

13. The hybridisation of P in PO34− is same as in

(a) I in ICl−4 (b) S in SO3 (c) N in NO3− (d) S in SO24−

14. The most acidic among the following oxide

(a) MnO (b) MnO2 (c) MnO2 (d) Mn2O7

15. Which of the following molecule involves sp2 hybridisation?

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 Chemical Bonding
(a) CO2 (b) SO2 (c) N2O (d) CO

16. Which of the following have identical bond order :

(i) CN– (ii) O−2 (iii) NO+ (iv) CN+
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iv) (c) (i) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iii)

17. The hybridisation of atomic orbitals of nitrogen in NO +2 , NO3− and NH +4 are

(a) sp2, sp3 and sp2 respectively. (b) sp, sp2 and sp3 respectively.
(c) sp2, sp and sp3 respectively. (d) sp2, sp3 and sp respectively.

18. In hydrocarbon C3Hm, X-ray diffraction (which does not “see” H’s) finds a C─C─C bond angle of
about 120o. The value of m must be__________
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 8

19. The common features among the species CN−, CO and NO+ are
(a) Bond order three and isoelectronic. (b) Bond order three and −donor.
(c) Bond order three and −acceptors. (d) Bond order two and isoelectronic.

20. The nodal plane in the −bond of ethene is located in

(a) the molecular plane
(b) a plane parallel to the molecular plane
(c) a plane perpendicular to the molecular plane which bisects the carbon−carbon sigma bond at right
angles.
(d) a plane perpendicular to the molecular plane which contains the carbon−carbon −bond.

21. Which of the following hydrocarbons has the lowest dipole moment?
H3C CH3
(a) C (b) CH3CC.CH3 (c) CH3CH2CCH (d) CH2=CH−CCH
H H

22. Which of the following molecular species has unpaired electron(s)?

(a) N2 (b) F2 (c) O−2 (d) O 22 −
23. Arrange the following in the increasing order of melting points
(1) NH3 (2) CH3NH2 (3) (CH3)2NH (4) (CH3)3N
(a) (1) < (2) < (3) < (4) (b) (4) < (3) < (2) < (1)
(c) (1) < (4) < (3) < (2) (d) None of these

24. The species that does not contain peroxide ions are
(a) PbO2 (b) H2O2 (c) SrO2 (d) BaO2

25. The number of sp2 – sp2 sigma bonds in the compound given below is:

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 Chemical Bonding
H3C CH3
H3C OH N
OH

NH2
OH
OH O OH O O
(a) 8 (b) 10 (c) 11 (d) 12

26. The H-bond in solid HF can be best represented as:

H H H H
(a) H − F ....H − F ....H − F (b)
F F F
F F H H
(c) H H H H (d) F F F F
F H

Cl Cl
Cl Cl Cl

27. The dipole moment of Cl Cl is 1.5 D. The dipole moment of is

Cl

(a) Zero (b) 1.5 D (c) 2.60 D (d) 2.12 D

28. Consider the following sets of H─bonds

P: O H N Q: O H O

R: N H N S: N H O

The correct order of H─bond strength is

(a) Q  P  S  R (b) R  Q  S  P (c) R  S  P  Q (d) P  Q  R  S

29. If a molecule MX3 has zero dipole moment, the sigma bonding orbitals used by M (atomic number < 21) are
(a) pure p (b) sp hybrid (c) sp2 hybrid (d) sp3 hybrid

30. The ion that is isoelectronic with CO is

(a) CN─ (b) O2+ (c) O2─ (d) N2+

31. Among the following, the molecule that is linear is

(a) CO2 (b) NO2 (c) SO2 (d) ClO2
32. The compound with no dipole moment is
(a) Methylchloride (b) carbontetrachloride
(c) methylenechloride (d) chloroform

33. Carbon tetrachloride has no net dipole moment because of

(a) its planar structure
(b) its regular tetrahedral structure
(c) similar sizes of carbon and chlorine
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 Chemical Bonding
(d) similar electron affinities of carbon and chlorine

34. Which one among the following does not have the hydrogen bond?
(a) phenol (b) liquid NH3 (c) water (d) liquid HCl

35. The molecule having one unpaired electron is :

(a) NO (b) CO (c) CN─ (d) O2

36. The hydrogen bond is strongest in :

(a) O–H………S (b) S–H………...O (c) F–H………..F (d) F–H……..O

37. The hybridization of sulphur in sulphur dioxide is :

(a) sp (b) sp3 (c) sp2 (d) dsp2

38. Hydrogen bonding is maximum in

(a) Ethanol (b) Diethylether (c) Ethly chloride (d) Triethylamine

39. The species in which the central atom uses sp2 hybrid orbitals in its bonding is
(a) PH3 (b) NH3 (c) CH 3+ (d) SbH3

40. The molecule that has linear structure is

(a) CO2 (b) NO2 (c) SO2 (d) SiO2

41. The molecule which has zero dipole moment is :

(a) CH2Cl2 (b) BF3 (c) NF3 (d) ClO2

42. The molecule which has pyramidal shape is :

(a) PCl3 (b) SO3 (c) CO32− (d) NO3−

43. The compound in which ‘C’ uses its sp3 hybrid orbitals for bond formation is :
(a) HCOOH (b) (H2N)2CO (c) (CH3)3COH (d) CH3CHO

44. The type of hybrid orbitals used by the chlorine atom in ClO−2 is
(a) sp3 (b) sp2 (c) sp (d) None of these

45. The maximum possible number of hydrogen bonds a water molecule can form is
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 1

46. Which one is most ionic :

(a) P2O5 (b) CrO3 (c) MnO (d) Mn2O7

47. Number of paired electrons in O2 molecule is :

(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 16 (d) 14

48. Among the following species, identify the isostructural pairs.

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 Chemical Bonding
NF3, NO3− , BF3 , H3O+ , HN3
(a)  NF3 , NO3−  and  BF3 , H3O +  (b)  NF3 , HN3  and  NO3− , BF3 
(c)  NF3 , H3O+  and  NO3− , BF3  (d)  NF3 , H3O+  and  HN3 , BF3 
 

49. The number and type of bonds between two carbon atoms in CaC2 are :
(a) one sigma (  ) and one pi (  ) bonds
(b) one sigma (  ) and two pi (  ) bonds
(c) one sigma (  ) and one and a half pi (  ) bonds
(d) one sigma (  ) bond.

50. Among KO2, AlO−2 , BaO2 and NO +2 , unpaired electron is present in

(a) NO +2 and BaO2 (b) KO2 and AlO−2 (c) KO2 only (d) BaO2 only

51. Among the following compounds the one that is polar and has the central atom with sp2 hybridization is
(a) H2CO3 (b) SiF4 (c) BF3 (d) HClO2

52. Which contains polar and non – polar bonds?

(a) NH4Cl (b) HCN (c) H2O2 (d) CH4

53. The critical temperature of water is higher than that of O2 because the H2O molecule has
(a) fewer electron than O2 (b) two covalent bonds
(c) V-shape (d) dipole moment

54. Which one of the following compounds has sp2 hybridization?

(a) CO2 (b) SO2 (c) N2O (d) CO

55. Read the following statement and explanation and answer as per the options given below :

Assertion: A lewis structure of O3 is

Reason: structure is not allowed because octet around O cannot be expanded.

(a) If both assertion and reason are correct, and reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are correct, but reason is not the correct explanation of the reason assertion.
(c) If assertion is correct but reason is incorrect.
(d) If assertion is incorrect but reason is correct.

56. Read the following statement and explanation and answer as per the options given below :-
Assertion: LiCl is predominantly a covalent compound.
Reason: Electronegativity difference between Li and Cl is too small.
(a) If both assertion and reason are correct, and reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are correct, but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) If assertion is correct but reason is incorrect.
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 Chemical Bonding
(d) If assertion is incorrect but reason is correct.

57. The correct order of increasing C–O bond length of CO, CO32− , CO2 , is
(a) CO32−  CO2  CO (b) CO2  CO32−  CO
(c) CO  CO32−  CO2 (d) CO  CO2  CO32−

58. The geometry of H2S and its dipole moment are

(a) angular and non-zero (b) angular and zero
(c) linear and non-zero (d) linear and zero.

59. Molecular shapes of SF4, CF4 and XeF4 are

(a) the same, with 2, 0 and 1 lone pairs of electrons respectively
(b) the same, with 1,1 and 1 lone pairs of electrons respectively
(c) different, with 0,1 and 2 lone pairs of electrons respectively
(d) different, with 1, 0 and 2 lone pairs of electrons respectively

60. The hybridization of atomic orbitals of nitrogen in NO+2 , NO3− and NH +4 are
(a) sp, sp3 and sp2 respectively (b) sp, sp2 and sp3 respectively
(c) sp2, sp and sp3 respectively (d) sp2 , sp3 and sp respectively

61. Specify the coordination geometry around and hybridization of N and B atoms in a 1:1 complex of BF3 and
NH3
(a) N: tetrahedral, sp3; B: tetrahedral, sp3
(b) N: pyramidal, sp3; B: pyramidal, sp3
(c) N: pyramidal, sp3; B: planar, sp2
(d) N: pyramidal, sp3; B: tetrahedral, sp3

62. Which of the following molecular species has unpaired electron (s)?
(a) N2 (b) F2 (c) O−2 (d) O 22 −

63. According to molecular orbital theory which of the following statement about the magnetic character
and bond order is correct regarding O2+
(a) Paramagnetic and Bond order < O2
(b) Paramagnetic and Bond order > O2
(c) Diamagnetic and Bond order < O2
(d) Diamagnetic and Bond order > O2

One or More Than One Option Correct

1. Among the following, the diamagnetic compounds is/are
(a) Na2O2 (b) O3 (c) N2O (d) KO2
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 Chemical Bonding

2. The species having same bond order as in CO

(a) NO− (b) NO+ (c) CN− (d) N2

3. The molecule(s) with some finite positive dipole moment is(are):

OH Cl

(a) (b) (c) PF3Cl2 (d) PCl3F2

OH Cl

4. The molecule(s) with zero dipole moment is(are):

OH CN Cl NH 2

(a) (b) (c) (d)

OH CN Cl NH 2

5. Compound which do have sp3d hybridization

(a) ICl2− (b) ClF3 (c) XeO2F2 (d) XeF4

6. The molecules that will have dipole moment:

(a) 2,2-dimethylpropane (b) Trans-2-pentene
(c) Cis-3-hexene (d) 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutane

7. Species having same bond order are:

(a) N2 (b) N +2 (c) N −2 (d) N 22 −

8. Which of the following species are paramagnetic?

(a) O2 (b) N 22 − (c) N2 (d) O 22 −

9. Molecules having distorted geometry are:

(a) H2O (b) NH3 (c) N3H (d) XeF2

10. The linear structures assumed by:

(a) SnCl2 (b) NCO– (c) NO +2 (d) CS2

11. Which of the following hybridization results in non-planar orbitals?

(a) sp3 (b) sp (c) sp2 (d) sp3d

12. Which statement(s) is/are correct?

(a) A sigma bond is stronger than  − bond
(b) A sigma bond is weaker than  − bond
(c) Hydrogen bonding is weaker than covalent bonding
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 Chemical Bonding
(d) A triple bond is weaker than double bond

13. Which combination of the compounds and their geometry are correct?
(a) HgCl2 – linear (b) ClF3 – V-shaped (c) ClF3 – T-shaped (d) ICl−4 - square planar

14. In the following case(s), hybridization of the underlined atom is affected:

(a) PCl5 (solid) dissociates into PCl4+ and PCl6−
(b) LiH reacts with AlH3 forming LiAlH4
(c) NH3 is protonated
(d) H3PO2 is heated forming PH3 and H3PO3

15. CO2 is isostructural with :

(a) HgCl2 (b) SnCl2 (c) C2H2 (d) NO2

16. The linear structure is assumed by :

(a) SnCl2 (b) NCO− (c) CS2 (d) NO+2

17. Which of the following have identical bond order?

(a) CN− (b) O−2 (c) NO+ (d) CN+

18. Among the following, the correct statement(s) is (are)

(a) Al ( CH3 )3 has three centre two-electron bonds in its dimeric structure
(b) AlCl3 has the three-cenre two-electron bond in its dimeric structure
(c) BH 3 has the three-centre two-electron bonds in its dimeric structure
(d) The Lewis acidity of BCl3 is greater than that of AlCl3

19. Pick out the isoelectronic structures from the following ;

I. CH 3+ II. H3O + III. NH3 IV. CH 3−
(a) I and II (b) III and IV (c) I and III (d) II, III and IV
20. The geometry and the type of hybrid orbital present about the central atom in BF3 is
(a) linear, sp (b) trigonal planar, sp2
(c) tetrahedral, sp3 (d) pyramidal, sp3

21. Which of the following molecules has as O – O bond?

(a) H2S2O8 (b) H2S2O7 (c) H2SO5 (d) H2S2O6

22. Which of the following species is paramagnetic:

(a) CN − (b) NO (c) O 22 − (d) O2

23. Which of the following statements is/are not correct for following compounds?
(I) SCl2 (OCH3)2 and (II) SF2 (OCH3)2
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 Chemical Bonding
(a) –OCH3 groups in both cases occupy the same position
(b) Cl-atoms occupy equatorial position in case of (I) and F-atoms occupy equatorial position in case
of (II)
(c) Cl-atoms occupy axial position in case of (I) & F-atoms occupy equatorial position in case of (II)
(d) Cl and F-atoms occupy either axial or equatorial position in case of (I) and (II) respectively.

24. Ionic compounds in general do not posses:

(a) high melting points and non-directional bonds
(b) high melting points and low-boiling points
(c) directional bonds and low-boiling points
(d) high solubilities in polar and non-polar solvents

25. Which of the following statements is incorrect:

(a) A  -bond is weaker than a  -bond
(b) There are four co-ordinate bonds in the NH +4 ions
(c) The covalent bond is directional in nature
(d) HF is less polar than HCl

26. Correct order of decreasing boiling points is:

(a) HF > HI > HBr > HCl (b) H2O > H2Te > H2Se > H2S
(c) Br2 > Cl2 > F2 (d) CH4 > GeH4 > SiH4

27. Which of the following have a linear structure?

(a) HgCl2 (b) SnCl2 (c) ICl−2 (d) CS2

28. Which of the following compound is/are non-polar?

(a) NO2 (b) B2H6 (c) PF3Cl2 (d) B3N3H6

29. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

(a) All carbon-to-carbon bonds contain a sigma bond and one or more pi bonds
(b) All carbon to hydrogen bonds are pi bonds
(c) All oxygen to hydrogen bonds are hydrogen bonds
(d) All carbon to hydrogen bonds are sigma bonds

30. Non-polar molecules are:

(a) CH4 (b) C2F2 (c) C2F4 (d) OF2

31. In which of the following there is intermolecular hydrogen bonding?

(a) Water (b) Ethanol (c) Acetic acid (d) H–F

32. In which species the hybrid state of central atom is/are sp 3d :

(a) I3+ (b) SF4 (c) PF5 (d) IF5

33. Which of the following statements are correct about sulphur hexafluoride?
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 Chemical Bonding
(a) All – F bonds are equivalent
(b) SF6 is a planar molecule
(c) Oxidation number of sulphur is the same as number of electrons involved in bonding
(d) Sulphur has acquired the electronic structure of the gas argon.

34. Which of the following statement is incorrect:

(a) O2 is paramagnetic, O3 is also paramagnetic
(b) O2 is paramagnetic, O3 is diamagnetic
(c) B2 is paramagnetic C2 is also paramagnetic
(d) Different observation is found in their bond length when NO → NO + and CO → CO +

35. Which of the following statements are not correct?

(a) All C–O bonds in CO32− are equal but not in H2CO3
(b) All C–O bonds in HCO −2 are equal but not in HCO2H
(c) C–O bond length in HCO −2 is longer than C–O bond length in CO32−
(d) C–O bond length in HCO −2 and C–O bond length in CO32− are equal

36. In the structure of H2CSF4, which of the following statement is/are correct?
(a) Two C–H bonds are in the same plane of axial S–F bonds
(b) Two C–H bonds are in the same plane of equatorial S–F bonds
(c) Total six atoms are in the same plane
(d) Equatorial S–F plane is perpendicular to plane of  -bond

37. In which compound vacant orbital take part in hybridization:

(a) B2H6 (b) Al2Cl6 (c) C2H5Cl (d) H3BO3

Paragraph Type
Passage-I
In gaseous phase PCl5 molecule exist and having Trigonal bipyramidal geometry, such as
it has three equatorial positions and two axial positions as
The electron pairs in the "axial" bonds have three 90° repulsions with electron pairs in the
"equatorial" bonds, whilst the electron pairs in the equatorial bonds have only two 90°
repulsions. It would therefore be predicted that repulsions involving the axial bonds would
be stronger and that these bonds would therefore be longer.
Due to asymmetry in the structure in crystals of PCl5 are composed of [PCl4]+ and [PCl6]− ions, having
symmetric tetrahedral and octahedral geometry respectively.

1. Bond angle FPF in PCl3F2 will be

(a) 90o (b) 120o (c) 150o (d) 180o

2. Molecular shape of ClF3 is

(a) T-shaped (b) Triangular Planar (c) See-Saw (d) Tetrahedral

3. Out of the following, which compound does exist?

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 Chemical Bonding
(a) PI5 (b) [PBr6]− (c) PH5 (d) None of these.
4. In solid state PBr5 exist as
(a) [PBr4]+ and [PBr6]− (b) [PBr4]+ and Br−
(c) PBr5 only (d) None of these.

5. In nature Phosphorus consists two isotopes 30P and 31P and Chlorine as 35Cl and 37Cl. Maximum there
is how many type of PCl5 molecule exist in nature?
(a) 8 (b) 12 (c) 16 (d) 24

6. Molecular shape of SF4 is

(a) T-shaped (b) Square Planar (c) See-Saw (d) Tetrahedral

7. Molecular shape of IF2− is

(a) T-shaped (b) Angular (c) linear (d) bent

8. PCl5 undergoes
(a) sp3d x2 − y 2 (b) sp 3 d xy (c) sp 3 d z 2 (d) sp 3 d yz

Passage-II
Lewis concept of covalency of an element involved octet rule. Later on it was found that many elements in
their in compounds e.g., BeF2 , BF3 etc. have incomplete octet whereas PCl5 , SF6 etc. have expanded octet.
This classical concept also failed in predicting the geometry of molecules. Modern concept of covalence was
proposed in terms of valence bond theory proposed by Heitler and London and later on modified by Pauling
and Slater. Hybridization concept alongwith valence bond failed in many molecules. The geometry of such
molecules was explained by VSEPR concept. Finally molecular orbital theory was proposed by Hund-
Mulliken to explain many other anomalies.

1. Which are true statements among the following:

(1) I3+ has bent structure
(2) p -d bonds are present in SO 2
(3) SeF4 and CH 4 has same shape
(4) XeF2 and CO 2 has same shape
(5) SF4 is see-saw structure whereas ICl3 is T-shaped
(a) 1, 2, 4, 5 (b) 1, 2, 3, 4 (c) 2, 3, 4, 5 (d) 1, 3, 4, 5

2. Ratio of lone pair-bond pair electrons on central atom in I3− and XeF4 are respectively:
(a) 2.66, 0.5 (b) 0.5, 1.5 (c) 1.5, 0.5 (d) 0.5, 2

3. The bond angles NO+2 , NO 2 and NO −2 are respectively:

(a) 180 ,134 ,115 (b) 115 ,134 ,180
(c) 134 ,180 ,130 (d) 115 ,180 ,130

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4. Which statements are correct:

(1) Bond angle of PF3  PCl3
(2) Bond angle of PCl3  PBr3
(3) (CH 3 )3 N is pyramidal whereas (SiH 3 )3 N is planar.
(4) Multiple bonds also influence the geometry of molecule and thus HCHO has  HCH = 116 and
HCO = 122
(5) PCl5 is super octet molecule.
(a) 1, 3, 4, 5 (b) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (c) 2, 3, 4, 5 (d) 2, 5

5. Which of the following statements are true:

(1) O2 , O2− and O2+ are paramagnetic species
(2) Correct bond order is: O2+  O2−  O2
(3) Bond length is shortest for O 2+ among the species O2 , O2− , O22− , O2+ and O22+
(4) Bond length is maximum for O22− among the species O2 , O2− , O22− , O2+ and O22+
(5) B2 has two unpaired electron and thus paramagnetic
(a) 1, 2, 3, 5 (b) 1, 3, 4, 5 (c) 1, 2, 5 (d) 1, 4, 5

6. Select the correct statements:

(1) Bond order for N 2+ and N 2− are same (2) Bond energy of N 2+  N 2−
(3) Bond length of N 2+  N 2− (4) C3 F4 is a non-polar molecular
(5) XeF2 has two F atoms in axial position whereas XeF4 has four F atoms in equatorial position.
(a) 2, 3, 4, 5 (b) 1, 4, 5 (c) 1, 5 (d) 1, 2, 4, 5

7. Which statements are correct:

(1) C (CN ) 4 and C 2 (CN ) 4 have ratio of  and  bonds same
(2) Propanal and propanone have same ratio of  and  bonds
(3) CO 2 and BeF2 both are linear and possess sp hybridization
(4) XeF4 and SF4 both are square planar and possess sp 3 d hybridization
(5) Cl–Cl bond is stronger than Br–Br:
(a) 1, 3, 5 (b) 1, 2, 4, 5 (c) 1, 2, 3, 5 (d) 1, 4, 5

Passage-III
To explain the abnormality in some molecules, the concept of H-bonding was introduced. Hydrogen bonding
is defined as the phenomenon in which H-atom covalently lined with N, O or F in a molecule is held up on
other side with dipole-dipole attraction with same or other molecules of same or other compound. H-bonding
between two molecules is called intermolecular H-bonding favours for cluster formation whereas
intramolecular H-bonding prevents the cluster formation.

1. Which of the following statement is wrong:

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 Chemical Bonding
(a) H-bonding never involves more than two atoms
(b) The H-bond order is : H − F  H − F  H − O  H − O  H − N  H − N
(c) All the three atoms (e.g., F − H F ) involved in H-bonding lie in one plane
(d) Bond energy of H-bonding is about 1/2 of covalent bond
2. HF2− exists in solid state and in liquid HF but not in aqueous solution because :
(a) HF2− + H2O → H3O+ + 2F − (b) HF + H2O → H 2 F+ + OH −
(c) HF2− + H 2O → H 2 F2 + OH − (d) None of these

3. The correct representation of H-bonding between NH3 and H2O is:

(a) H 2 N − H  OH 2 (b) H3N  H − OH
(c) H 2 N − H  H − OH (d) H3 N  OH2

Passage-IV
When anions and cations approach each other, the valence shell of anions are pulled towards cation nucleus
and thus, shape of anion is deformed. The phenomenon of deformation of anion by a cation is known as
polarization and the ability of the cation to polarize the anion is called as polarizing power of cation. Due to
polarization, sharing of electrons occurs between two ions to some extent and the bond shows some covalent
character.
The magnitude of polarization depends upon a number of factors. These factors were suggested by Fajan and
are known as Fajan’s rules.
(i) Greater is the polarization in a molecule, more is covalent character.
(ii) As the charge on cation increases, its tendency to polarize the anion increases.
(iii) As the size of the cation decreases or size of the anion increases, the polarization increases.
(iv) The cations with 18 electrons in the outermost shell bring greater polarization of the anion than those
with inert gas configuration even both the cations have same size and same charge.

1. Considering BeCl2, MgCl2, CaCl2 and BaCl2, predict which of the following statement is true?
(a) BeCl2 is least ionic out of the given chlorides
(b) Covalent character increases as the atomic number of the metal atom increases
(c) BeCl2 has the highest melting point among the given chlorides
(d) All are highly ionic compounds

2. In which of the halides, there is maximum polarization?

(a) AlF3 (b) AlCl3 (c) AlBr3 (d) AlI3

3. Which is most covalent in nature?

(a) NaCl (b) MgCl2 (c) AlCl3 (d) CaCl2

4. Non-aqueous solvent like ether is added to the mixture of LiCl, NaCl and KCl. Which will be extracted
into ether?
(a) NaCl (b) LiCl (c) KCl (d) None

5. Which has the minimum melting point?

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(a) CaF2 (b) CaCl2 (c) CaBr2 (d) CaI2

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 Chemical Bonding
Passage-V
Covalent molecules formed by heteroatoms found to have some ionic character. The ionic character is due to
shifting of the electron pair towards A or B in the molecule AB. Hence, atoms acquire small and equal charge
but opposite in sign. Such a bond which has some ionic character is described as polar covalent bond. Polar
covalent molecules can exhibit dipole moment. Dipole moment is equal to the product of charge separation,
q and the bond length, d for the bond. The unit of dipole moment is Debye. One Debye is equal to 10-18 esu
cm.
Dipole moment is a vector quantity. It has both magnitude and direction. Hence, dipole moment of molecules
depends upon the relative orientation of the bond dipoles, but not on the polarity of bonds alone. A
symmetrical structure shows zero dipole moment. Thus, dipole moments help to predict the geometry of the
molecules. Dipole moment values can be used to distinguish between cis- and trans-isomers; ortho-, meta-
and para- forms of a substance, etc. The percentage of ionic character of a bond can be calculated by the
application of the following formula:
Experimental valueof dipolemoment
% ionic character = 100
Theoretical valueof dipolemoment

1. Which are non-polar molecules?

(a) XeF4 (b) BF3 (c) NH3 (d) H2O

2. A diatomic molecule has a dipole moment of 1.2 D. If the bond length is 1.0  10 −8 cm, what fraction
of charge does exits on each atom?
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.2 (c) 0.25 (d) 0.3

3. Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of dipole moments, toluene (I), o-
dichlorobenzene (II), m-dichlorobenzene (III) and p-dichlorobenzene (IV):
(a) IV < I < II < III (b) I < IV < II < III
(c) IV < I < III < II (d) IV < II < I < III

4. The dipole moment of NF3 is very much less that of NH3 because:
(a) number of lone pair in NF3 is much greater than in NH3
(b) unshared electron pair is not present in NF3 as in NH3
(c) both have different shapes
(d) of different directions of moments of N – H and N – F bonds

5. A covalent molecule, X-Y, is found to have a dipole moment of 1.5  10−29 C-m and a bond length 150
pm. The percentage of ionic character of the bond will be:
(a) 50% (b) 62.5% (c) 75% (d) 90%

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 Chemical Bonding
Passage-VI
According to Molecular orbital theory, Bond order is equal to (Nb-Na)/2, where Nb and Na is the number of
electron present in Molecular bonding and Antibonding orbital respectively.
Generally bond order is same as the number of bonds between bonded atoms from the Valance bond approach
- + - - -
e.g. Bond order of N N,C O,C N&C C is 3.

Bond Order for resonating molecule = Total Number of bonds between bonded atoms in all resonating structure
Number of resonating structure
2-
e.g. in carbonate ion CO3
- -
O O O

- - -
O -
O O O O O

Bond order of ‘C-O’ bond in CO32- ion is (1+2+1)/3=1.33

1. Bond order of ‘S–O’ bond in SO42−

(a) 1.25 (b) 1.5 (c) 1.75 (d) 1.6

2. Decreasing order of O–O bond strength following compound-

(a) O2 > O2− = O3 > O22− (b) O2 > O2− > O22− = O3
−
(c) O2 > O3 > O2 > O2 2− (d) O2 > O2− > O3 > O22−

3. Comparison of carbon–carbon bond length in ethane (I) and benzene (II)

(a) I > II (b) II > I (c) I = II (d) Can’t compare.

Fill in the Blanks

1. The angle between two covalent bonds is maximum in …………… (CH4, H2O, CO2)

2. Pair of molecules which forms strongest intermolecular hydrogen bond is …………….

SiH4 and SiF4 , CH3 — C — CH3 and CHCl3 , HC — OH and CH3 — C — OH

O O O

3. There are ………..  -bonds in a nitrogen molecule.

4. …………. hybrid orbitals of nitrogen atom are involved in the formation of ammonium ion.

The shape of  CH3  is ……………..

+
5.

6. The two types of bonds present in B2H6 are covalent and ……….

7. When N2 goes to N +2 , the N–N bond distance ….., and when O2 goes to O+2 the O–O bond distance …...

8. Among N2O, SO2, I3+ and I3− , the linear species are ………. and ………
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 Chemical Bonding

True / False
1. Linear overlap of two atomic p – orbitals leads to a sigma bond.
2. All molecules with polar bonds have dipole moment
3. SnCl2 is a non – linear molecule.
4. In benzene, carbon uses all the three p – orbitals for hybridization.
5. sp3 hybrid orbitals have equal s and p character.
6. The presence of polar bonds in a poly – atomic molecule suggests that the molecule has non-zero
dipole moment.
7. The dipole moment of CH3F is greater than that of CH3Cl.

Matrix Match

1. Column - I Column - II (Molecular Orbital Theory)

A. B22− p. Paramagnetic
B. C22− q. Diamagnetic
C. O2 r. Bond order = 2
D. N22+ s. Bond order =3

2. Column - I Column - II (Bond Angle)

A. XeF2 p. 90o
B. BH −4 q. 109.5o
C. XeOF4 r. 120o
D. PF3Cl2 s. 180o

3. Column - I Column - II (Hybridisation & No. of -bond)

A. XeO2F2 p. sp 3 d
B. XeOF4 q. sp3d 2
C. XeF4 r. 4 -bonds
D. PCl5 s. 5 -bonds

4. Column - I Column - II (No. of ,  bonds & lp)

A. CO32− p. 4 -bonds
B. SO42− q. 2-bonds
C. C2O42− r. 8 lp
D. MnO42− s. 10 lp

5. Column - I Column - II
A. Linear shape p. CS2
B. sp hybridization q. XeF2
C. sp3d hybridization r. C2H2
D. CO2 is isostructural to s. NCO−

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 Chemical Bonding
6. Column - I Column - II
A. One of the ions is tetrahedral in shape p. (NH4)2CO3
B. Contains covalent, Co-ordinate & ionic bonds q. KBF4
C. One of the ions is planar in shape r. KCN
D. Contains covalent and ionic bonds only s. NaNO3

7. Column - I Column - II
A. B2 p. Paramagentic
B. N2 q. Undergoes oxidation
C. O−2 r. Undergoes reduction
D. O2 s. Bond order ≥ 2
t. Mixing of ‘s’ and ‘p’ orbitals

8. Column-I Column-II
(Pair of species) (Identical Property in pairs of species)
A. PCl3F2, PCl2F3 p. Hybridisation of central atom
B. BF3 and BCl3 q. Shape of molecule/ion
C. CO2 and CN −22 r.  (dipole moment)
D. C6H6 and B3N3H6 s. Total number of electrons

9. Match the orbitals in List-II with the hybridization in List-I and shape in List-III:
List-I List-II List-III
3
(A) sp d (p) d xy , d x2 − y 2 , d z 2 (u) Octahedral
(B) sp3d2 (q) d x 2 − y 2 , d z 2 (v) Pentagonal bipyramidal
(C)sp3d3 (r) d z2 (w) Trigonal bipyramidal

Numerical Answers Type

1. Number of lone pairs of electrons in P4 molecule = ……….. .

2. Find the number of p-p bonds in N2O.

3. Calculate p-d bonds present in SO24− , NO3− and trimer of SO3.

[If number of p-d bonds in SO24− , NO3− and trimer of SO3 are x, y and z respectively, then
calculate x + y + z.]

4. Find the number of species having bond angle less than 109°28.
NH3 , PH3 , SiH4 , NH4+ , PF3 , NH2− , SO3 , NO2+ , CCl4 , H 2O, H 2S, SO42−

5. Find the number of p-d bonds in (NH4)2SO4.

6. Select number of molecules/ions in which central atom uses its d z 2 orbital in hybridisation.

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 Chemical Bonding
XeF6 , SOF4 , NO3− , ClO3− , BrF3 , IF4− , COCl2 , PCl6−
total number of  bond
7. Find the value: for P4O10.
total number of  bond

8. Find the number of acid(s) from the following in which X–H bond is/are present? [X = central atom]
H3PO2 , H5P3O10 , H4P2O7 , H3PO3 , H2S2O6 , H4P2O5 , H3BO3, H2SO4

9. Find the number of species having two p-p bonds.

SO2 , SO3 , XeOF4 , XeO2F2 , POCl3 , CO32− , NO3−

10. Find the total number of compounds containing X–X linkage, where ‘X’ is the central atom.
Na 2S2O3 , Na 2S4O6 , N2O4 , N2O3 (unsymmetrical), Cl2O7 , P4O10 , H2S2O8 , H4P2O7 , H2S2O5

11. s-p mixing is not possible in among the following :

C2 , B2 , NO, CO, NO+ , C22+ , O2+ , O22+ , O2+ , N 2 , N 2+ , N 2−

12. Find the total number of molecules which contain axial bond length greater than equatorial bond length?
PCl5 , SF4 , SF6 , CCl4 , NO3− , SO42−

13. Find the total number of species having angular or bent shape, considering only monomeric unit.
: CF2 , : SiCl2 , SnCl2 , BeCl2 , C2Cl2 , NOCl, NO2− , NO2+ , O2 , SO2 , NSF, XeF2 , HgCl2 , OF2

14. Which of the following has less than two bond order?
NO3− , CO32− , F2 , Cl2 , Br2 , O22− , O2− , N 2+ , O22+ , O2+ , Li 2+ , He 2+

15. Answer the following questions with respect to the compound NO(BF4).
(P) Bond order of the part underlined.
(Q) Total number of  bonds in the compound.
(R) Total number of  bonds in the compound.
(S) Number of hybrid orbitals involved in the hybridization of boron.

P Q R S

16. How many species of the following would involve sp mixing?

B2 , O2 , F2 , N2 , O2+ , F2− , C2 , O2−

17. In the compound PCl k F5− k , possible values of k are 0 to 5, then, sum of all possible value of k for the
compounds having zero dipole moment, is :

18. Which of the following bond angle is related to NO2 molecule?

120°, 110°, 115°, 180°, 134°.

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19. Find the number molecules in which 3c - 2e − bonds are present :
AlCl3 , BH3 , BeH2 , Be(Me)2 , Si2H6 , C2H6
20. Find the number of molecules in which hybridisation is not present (according to Drago's rule)?
NH3, H2S, H2Se, PH3

21. Find the number of molecule(s) in which 2 p - 2 p back bonding is present.

N(SiH3)3, BF3, OCl2

22. Find the number of molecule(s) in which direction of back bonding is from surrounding atom to central atom.
BF3, OF2, OCl2, N(CH3)3, BF4−

23. Find the number of molecule(s) in which shape of molecule is changed due to back bonding w.r.t.
underlined atom.
BCl3 , N(CH3 )3 , N(SiH3 )3 , P(CH3 )3 , B(OCH3 )3

24. Find the number of molecules which are not having 3c-2e bond from the following.
Al2(CH3)6, Si2H6, B2H6, C2H2, Si2Cl6, Al2Cl6

Only One Option Correct

1. The species having bond order different from that in CO is [Adv. 2007]
(a) NO– (b) NO+ (c) CN– (d) N2

2. Among the following, the paramagnetic compound is [Adv. 2007]

(a) Na 2O2 (b) O3 (c) N 2O (d) KO2

3. Assuming the Hund’s rule is violated, the bond order and magnetic nature of the diatomic molecule
B2 is [Adv. 2010]
(a) 1 and diamagnetic (b) 0 and diamagnetic
(c) 1 and paramagnetic (d) 0 and paramagnetic

4. Assuming 2s-2p mixing is NOT operative, the paramagnetic species among the following is
(a) Be2 (b) B2 (c) C2 (d) N2 [Adv. 2014]

One or More than One Option Correct

5. According to Molecular Orbital Theory, [Adv. 2016]
(a) C22− is expected to be diamagnetic.
(b) O22+ is expected to have a longer bond length than O2
(c) N +2 and N −2 have the same bond order
(d) He +2 has the same energy as two isolated he atoms

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 Chemical Bonding
6. Each of the following options contains a set of four molecules. Identify the option(s) where all four
molecules posses permanent dipole moment at room temperature. [Adv. 2019]
(a) BF3, O3, SF6, XeF6 (b) NO2, NH3, POCl3, CH3Cl
(c) SO2, C6H5Cl, H2Se, BrF5 (d) BeCl2, CO2, BCl3, CHCl3
7. For diatomic molecules, the correct statement(s) about the molecular orbitals formed by the overlap
of two 2 pz orbitals is (are) [Adv. 2022]
(a)  orbital has a total of two nodal planes.
(b) * orbital has one node in the xz-plane containing the molecular axis.
(c)  orbital has one node in the plane which is perpendicular to the molecular axis and goes through
the center of the molecule.
(d) * orbital has one node in the xy-plane containing the molecular axis.

Integer Value Answer

8. Based on VSEPR theory, the number of 90 degree F–Br–F angles in BrF5 is [Adv. 2010]

9. Among the triatomic molecules/ions, BeCl2 , N3− , N2O, NO+2 , O3 , SCl2 , ICl2− , I3− and XeF2 , the total
number of linear molecule(s)/ion(s) where the hybridization of the central atom does not have
contribution from the d-orbital(s) is [Atomic number : S = 16, Cl = 17, I = 53 and Xe = 54]
[Adv. 2015]

10. Among H2, He +2 , Li 2 , Be 2 , B 2 , C 2 , N 2 , O−2 and F2 , the number of diamagnetic species is

(Atomic numbers: H = 1, He = 2, Li = 3, Be = 4, B = 5, C = 6, N = 7, O = 9, F = 9)
[Adv. 2017]

11. The sum of the number of lone pairs of electrons on each central atom in the following species is
[TeBr6]2–, [BrF2]+, SNF3 and [XeF3]–
(Atomic numbers: N = 7, F = 9, S = 16, Br = 35, Te = 52, Xe = 54) [Adv. 2017]

12. Among B2H6, B3N3H6, N2O4, H2S2O3, H2S2O8, N2O the total number of molecules containing covalent
bond between two atoms of the same kind is _______ [Adv. 2019]

13. Consider the following compounds in the liquid form:

O2, HF, H2O, NH3, H2O2, CCl4, CHCl3, C6H6, C6H5Cl.
When a charged comb is brought near their flowing stream, how many of them show deflection as per
the following figure? [Adv. 2020]

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 Chemical Bonding
14. Thermal decomposition of AgNO3 produces two paramagnetic gases. The total number of electrons
present in the antibonding molecular orbitals of the gas that has the higher number of unpaired
electrons is ___________. [Adv. 2022]

Matrix-Match
15. Match the orbital overlap figures shown in List-I with the description given in List-II and select the
correct answer using the code given below the lists. [Adv. 2014]
List-I List-II

P. 1. p – d  antibonding

Q. 2. d – d  bonding

R. 3. p – d  bonding

S. 4. d – d  antibonding

Code:
P Q R S
(a) 2 1 3 4
(b) 4 3 1 2
(c) 2 3 1 4
(d) 4 1 3 2

16. Match each of the diatomic molecules in Column I with its property/properties in Column-II.
[Adv. 2009]
Column-I Column –II
A. B 2 P. Paramagnetic
B. N 2 Q. Undergoes oxidation
C. O−2 R. Undergoes reduction
D. O2 S. Bond order  2
T. Mixing of ' s ' and ' p ' orbital

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