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Science Chapter 2 Textbook Exercises

Chapter 2 discusses various experiments and observations related to microorganisms and their roles in processes like fermentation and nitrogen fixation. Aanandi's experiment with yeast demonstrates how it produces carbon dioxide gas, while the comparison between wheat and bean crops highlights the importance of Rhizobium bacteria in nitrogen fixation. Additionally, Snehal's composting experiment illustrates how dried leaves can enhance the decomposition process, leading to better manure production.

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3 views2 pages

Science Chapter 2 Textbook Exercises

Chapter 2 discusses various experiments and observations related to microorganisms and their roles in processes like fermentation and nitrogen fixation. Aanandi's experiment with yeast demonstrates how it produces carbon dioxide gas, while the comparison between wheat and bean crops highlights the importance of Rhizobium bacteria in nitrogen fixation. Additionally, Snehal's composting experiment illustrates how dried leaves can enhance the decomposition process, leading to better manure production.

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Chapter 2

The Invisible living world: Beyond Our Naked Eye

Keep the curiosity alive (page number 25-26)

(Textbook exercise)

1. Aanandi took two test tubes and marked them A and B. She put two spoonfuls of sugar solution
in each of the test tubes. In test tube B, she added a spoonful of yeast. Then she attached two
incompletely inflated balloons to the mouth of each test tube. She kept the set-up in a warm
place, away from sunlight.
(i) What do you predict will happen after 3–4 days? She observed that the balloon attached to
test tube B was inflated. What can be a possible explanation for this?
(a) Water evaporated in test tube B and filled the balloon with the water vapour.
(b) The warm atmosphere expanded the air inside the test tube B, which inflated the balloon.
(c) Yeast produced a gas inside the test tube B, which inflated the balloon.
(d) Sugar reacted with warm air, which produced gas, eventually inflating the balloon.
(ii) She took another test tube, 1/4 filled with lime water. She removed the balloon from test
tube B in such a manner that the gas inside the balloon did not escape. She attached the
balloon to the test tube with lime water and shook it well. What do you think she wants to find
out?
Ans: (i) (c) Yeast produced a gas inside the test tube B, which inflated the balloon.
(ii) Aanandi used lime water to check the gas in the balloon. If the lime water turns milky, it
means the gas is carbon dioxide. This shows that yeast changes sugar into carbon dioxide
gas ( or yeast ferments sugar to produce carbon dioxide gas)
2. A farmer was planting wheat crops in his field. He added nitrogen-rich fertiliser to the soil to
get a good yield of crops. In the neighbouring field, another farmer was growing bean crops, but
she preferred not to add nitrogen fertiliser to get healthy crops. Can you think of the reasons?

Ans: Bean plants have Rhizobium bacteria in their roots. These bacteria change nitrogen from
the air into a form plants can use. This is called nitrogen fixation, so bean plants do not need
nitrogen fertiliser.

Wheat plants do not have these bacteria, so they need nitrogen fertiliser to grow well.
3. Snehal dug two pits, A and B, in her garden. In pit A, she put fruit and vegetable peels and
mixed it with dried leaves. In pit B, she dumped the same kind of waste without mixing it with
dried leaves. She covered both the pits with soil and observed after 3 weeks. What is she trying
to test?
Ans: Snehal added dried leaves to pit A to see their effect. Dried leaves help microorganisms
decompose waste faster by improving airflow and balancing nutrients. This helps make better
manure.
4. Identify the following microorganisms:
(i) I live in every kind of environment, and inside your gut.
---- Bacteria
(ii) I make bread and cakes soft and fluffy.
----yeast
(iii) I live in the roots of pulse crops and provide nitrogen for their growth.
----Rhizobium

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