BM3352 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

QUESTION BANK
UNIT-I / PART-A
1 State Ohm’s law
Ohm’s law states that the current flowing in a conductor is directly proportional to the
potential between two ends of a conductor. i.e. V α I, V=IR.
2 State the Limitation of Ohm’s law. (JUNE 2013, NOV 2016)
Ohm’s law doesn’t apply to all non-metallic conductors
Doesn’t apply to nonlinear devices like Zener diode, Voltage regulator, tubes etc.
It is not applicable for the metallic conductors which changes with temperature
3 Define i) charge ii) electric current iii) power iv) network & v) circuit.
i)Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which matter consists, measured in
coulombs(C).
ii)Electric current is the time rate of change of charge, measured in amperes (A).
A direct current (DC) is a current that remains constant with time.
An alternating current (AC) is a current that varies sinusoidal with time
iii)Power is the time rate of expending or absorbing energy, measured in watts (w).
P- Power in watts (w)
W- Energy in joules (J) t - Time in seconds (S) P=V I
V - Voltage in volts (V)
I - current in amperes (A).
iv)Network: The inter connection of two or more simple circuit elements forms an electrical
network.
v)Circuit: If the network contains at least one closed path, it is an electric circuit.
4 State Kirchoff’s Current law. (NOV 2015)
KCL (Kirchoff’s Current Law) states that the algebraic sum of currents at a node is zero (or)The algebraic
sum of the currents entering a node is equal to the algebraic sum of the currents leaving the node.

5 State Kirchoff’s Voltage law.(KVL) (NOV 2013)(MAY 2018)(NOV 2019)

KVL (Kirchoff’s Voltage Law) states that the algebraic sum of voltages around a closed path is zero. (or)
Algebraic sum of Sum of voltage drop around a closed path is equal to Algebraic sum of Voltage rise

around the closed path.

6 The total charge entering a terminal is given by q=5t sin 4πt, mC. Calculate the current at
t=0.5 seconds.

7 Define power and energy. Give the expression for electrical power and energy.
Power is the rate of doing work and its unit is Watt. The unit of electric power is defined in terms of the
joule per second. One joule per second is the work done when one coulomb of electricity is moved
through a potential difference of one volt in one second.
Energy is the product of power and time.

8 Define: Node (OR) Junction

A point at which two or more elements are joints together is called node. While a point where three or
more branches meet together is called a junction.
9 Write down the expression of equivalent resistance for ‘n’ - number of resistors in parallel
connection.
For ‘n’ resistors connected in parallel, the equivalent resistance is given by,
1 1 1 1 1
.........
Req R1 R2 R3 Rn

10 The equivalent resistance of four resistors joined in parallel is 30 Ohms. The current
flowing through them are 0.5,0.4,0.6 and [Link] the value of each resistor..(NOV 2016)
Let R1,R2,R3,R4 be the four resistance connected in parallel and currents 0.5,0.4,0.6 ,0.1 flows through
them respectively.
Total current in the four parallel branch is 0.5+0.4+0.6+0.1=1.6A

Total voltage across the parallel combination of four resistance is 30(1.6) = 48V.
11 How much energy does a 100W electric bulb consume in two hours?

12 Write the Algorithm for Mesh Analysis.(DEC 2012)

• Determine if the circuit is a planar circuit.
• Count the number of meshes.
• Label each of mesh currents.
• Write a KVL equation around each mesh.
• Organize the equations.
• Solve the system of equations for the mesh currents
13 Distinguish between a Loop & Mesh of a circuit. (DEC 2010)(JUNE 2013)(JUNE 2016
The closed path of a network is called a [Link] elementary form of a loop which cannot be further
divided is called a mesh. In other words Mesh is closed path does not contain an other loop within it.
14 Apply KVL and find the current in the circuit.

By applying KVL,

15 How are the following affected by change of frequency?a)Resistance b)Inductive reactance

(DEC2010)68
Resistance will not be affected by change of frequency. Inductive reactance will increase by increasing
frequency and vice versa.
UNIT-I / PART-B
1 Determine the current IL in the circuit shown in figure below:(JUNE 2016)
2 Calculate the voltage across A and B in the circuit shown in figure.(JUNE 2016)

3 State and explain Kirchoff’s laws. (JUNE 2013)

4 Using mesh analysis, determine the current through 1Ω resistor in the given circuit.

5 Determine the current in the 5Ω resistor in the network shown in fig below.

6 Determine the current in all the resistors of the circuit shown in fig below.

7 Using nodal analysis, find the node voltages and the currents through all the resistors for the
circuit shown in fig. (NOV 2014)
8 Find the equivalent resistance between the terminals ‘a’ and ‘b’ for the network shown in figure.

9 For the circuit shown in figure find the (i) currents in different branches, (ii) current supplied by
the battery, (iii) potential difference between the terminals A & B. (NOV 2014)

10 Use branch currents in the network shown below to find the current supplied by the 60V source.
Solve the circuit by mesh current method.(JUNE 2015)

UNIT II
UNIT-II / PART-A
1 Write down the formulae for converting Delta to Star(Y).

2 Define Node and super node.

A node is the point of connection between two or more branches.
A super node is formed by enclosing a (dependent or independent) voltage source connected between two
non-reference nodes and any elements connected in parallel with it. A super mesh occurs when a current
source is contained between two essential meshes. The circuit is first treated as if the current source is not
there This will be an equation where the current source is equal to one of the mesh currents minus the
other.
3 State Superposition theorem.
The superposition principle states that the voltage across (or current through) an element in a
linear circuit is the algebraic sum of the voltages across (or currents through) that element due to each
independent source acting alone.
4 State Thevenin'stheorem .
Thevenin’s theorem states that a linear two-terminal circuit can be replaced by an equivalent
circuit consisting of a voltage source VTh in series with a resistor RTh, where VTh is the open-circuit
voltage at the terminals and RTh is the input or equivalent resistance at the terminals when the
independent sources are turned off.

5 What is the limitation of superposition theorem?

Superposition theorem is based on linearity. For this reason, it is not applicable to the effect on
power due to each source, because the power absorbed by a resistor depends on the square of the voltage
or current. If the power value is needed, the current through (or voltage across) the element must be
calculated first using superposition.
6 State reciprocity theorem. (NOV2016)
According to this theorem, In a linear, bilateral network if we apply some input to a circuit which
consists of resistors, inductors, capacitors and transformers, the ratio of response in any element to the
input is constant even when the position of input and output are interchanged. This is called the
Reciprocity theorem.
7 State Maximum power transfer theorem. (or) What is the condition for maximum power transfer
in DC and AC circuits(JUNE 2016) (April 2021)
According to maximum power transfer theorem, maximum power transfer occurs when
RL = RTH, that is, when the load resistance is equal to the thevenin resistance.
8 Write the objectives of star delta transformation?( NOV 2013)
 The star delta transformation is useful in reducing the complexity of a circuit and converts it into
simpler equivalent form without altering the current and voltage levels at its network terminals as in the
original circuits.
9 State Norton's theorem.
Norton’s theorem states that a linear two-terminal circuit can be replaced by an equivalent circuit
consisting of a current source IN in parallel with a resistor RN, where IN is the short-circuit current
through the terminals and RN is the input or equivalent resistance at the terminals when the independent
sources are turned off.

10 Where and why maximum power transfer theorem is applied.

In a certain applications it is desirable to have a maximum power transfer from source to load.
The maximum power transfer to load is possible only if the source and load has matched impedance. Eg:
TV/Radio receiver
11 A 1V Voltage source has an internal resistance of 1Ω, Calculate the Maximum power that can be
delivered to any load.

Maximum power transferred to the load =

12 List the applications of Thevenin’s theorem. (NOV 2015)

• Thevenin’s theorem is useful for power system fault current calculation.
• It is used in transmission line calculation.
13 Calculate the value of Norton’s current (IN )for the circuit shown in Fig. (NOV 2014)
If any resistor parallel to short circuit the equivalent also short circuited.

14 Write briefly about network reduction technique. (JUNE 2015)

In network analysis the number of components can be reduced to simplify the [Link] can
be done by replacing the actual components with other notional components that have the same effect. A
particular technique might directly reduce the number of components, for instance by combining
impedances in series. On the other hand it might merely change the form into one in which the
components can be reduced in a later operation.
15 Is reciprocity theorem applied to the circuit having resistors, capacitors and diodes? Give your
reason.
No. Reciprocity theorem is applicable only for linear circuits
UNIT-II / PART-B
1 Obtain the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits for the active network shown below.(JUNE
2015)

2 Find the current through the 10Ω resistor in the following figure using Thevenin’s theorem
(NOV 2013)

3 Calculate the current in the 4Ω resistor in the given figure using superposition
Theorem.(JUNE 2014)
4 In the circuit shown below, find the value of R for maximum power transfer. Also calculate
the maximum power.

5 Find the current I through the 20Ω resistor as shown in fig using Thevinin’s Theorem.
(NOV 2014)

6 Find the current through 5Ω resistor using superposition theorem, in the circuit shown in figure.
(NOV 2014)

7 Compute the current in the 23Ω resistor of the following figure shown below by applying the
superposition principle. (JUNE 2015)

8 Find the thevenin’s equivalent of the network shown in below figure. (NOV 2015)

9 Obtain the Norton’s model and find the maximum power that can be transferred to the 100Ω
load resistance in the circuit shown in figure. (JUNE 2016)
10 Apply superposition theorem to determine current I through 3Ω resistor for the given
circuit.(NOV 2016)

UNIT III
UNIT-III/ PART-A
1 Define Impedance.
Impedance is defined as the opposition of circuit to flow of alternating current. It is denoted by Z and its
unit is ohms
2 Define Resonance.
Resonance is defined as a phenomenon in which applied voltage and resulting current are in-phase. In
other words, an AC circuit is said to be in resonance if it exhibits unity
power factor condition, that means applied voltage and resulting current are in phase.
3 Determine the value of current I0 of the given circuit.(NOV 2016)

4 Draw equivalent delta circuit for the figure shown.(May-2018)

The equivalent delta connected network will have 300Ω in each branch. (As per the statement, if
each resistance in stat connected network has R Ω , then its equivalent
delta will take the value 3R Ω.Here 3times 100Ω=300Ω.
5 Define the term time constant of a RL or RC circuit.(April 2017)
In a circuit in which the current is increasing to a final steady value, the time (T) taken to reach 62% of the
final value is called the time constant of the circuit.

6 Define time constant of a decaying circuit.

For a decaying circuit, the time constant is defined as the time required to reach 38% of
the initial value.
7 Write down the voltage equation of a series RLC transient circuit excited by a dc source, V.
Applying KVL to the circuit, the voltage equation becomes,
di 1
Ri L idt V
8 Define Inductance?
When a time varying current passes through the circuits, varying flux is produced. Because of this change
in flux, a voltage is induced in the circuit proportional to time rate of change of flux or current i.e.
. Where L, the constant of proportionally has to be called as self
inductance of the circuits

9 Define Capacitance.
A capacitor is a circuit element that, like the inductor, stores energy during periods of time and returns
the energy during others. In the capacitor, storage takes place in an
electric field unlike the inductance where storage is in a magnetic field
10 Define Z-Parameter? Or Relate voltage and current in a two port network using Z
parameters.(May -2019)
A two-port network may be voltage-driven or current-driven . From either the terminal voltages can be
related to the terminal currents as or in matrix form as where the z terms are called the impedance
parameters, or simply z parameters, and have units of ohms. The values of the parameters can be
evaluated by setting I1 = 0(input port open- circuited) or I2 = 0 (output port open-circuited).

11 Give the condition for reciprocity and symmetrical condition for Z parameter. When z11 =
z22, the two-port network is said to be symmetrical. This implies that the network has mirror like
symmetry about some center line; that is, a line can be found that divides the network into two similar
halves. When the two-port network is linear and has no dependent sources,
the transfer impedances are equal (z12 = z21), and the two-port is said to be reciprocal. This means
that if the points of excitation and response are interchanged, the transfer
impedances remain the same.
12 Draw the general equivalent model of Z parameters.

13 How are the following affected by change of frequency?a)Resistance b)Inductive reactance

(DEC2010)
Resistance will not be affected by change of frequency. Inductive reactance will increase by increasing
frequency and vice versa.
14 Define RMS voltage. (JUNE 2014).
The RMS value of an AC is defined as the equivalent steady value of the DC which can produce the
equal amount of heat, when flow through the given circuit for an equal time.

RMS value of an AC voltage, =0.707Vm

15 An electrical appliance consumes 2KWh in 30 mins at 120V. What is the current drawn by the
appliance? (NOV 2014)
Energy, W = EIt ,I= = = 20

UNIT-III / PART-B
1 For the circuit shown in figure below, determine the value of V2 such that the current
through (3+j4) Ω impedance is zero. (DEC 2012)

2 By applying nodal analysis for the circuit shown in Fig, determine the power output of the
source and the power in each resistor of the circuit.(JUNE 2013)
3 For the circuit shown in the below figure, (JUNE 2014)

(i) Determine the currents in all the branches

(ii) Calculate the power and power factor of the source

(iii) Show that power delivered by the source is equal to the power consumed by the 2Ω
resistor.

4 Using mesh analysis for the given circuit, find the current I2 and drop across 1Ω resistor.

5 Find the equivalent capacitance C between terminals A and B for the given figure (NOV
2016)

6 Using mesh analysis, find the current Io in the circuit shown

7 For the circuit shown in figure 6, Determine the power dissipated in each resistor of the circuit.
(NOV-2019)

8 Apply Norton’s theorem to determine current Io for the given circuit.(April 2017)
9 Determine the current through the load resistance 8Ω in the circuit shown using Norton’s theorem.
(May-2018)

10 Find the value of ZL for the circuit shown for maximum power to transfer for following
conditions i) if ZL is pure resistance ii) ZL is complex impedance with both real and imaginary
elements are variable. Determine the maximum power in both cases.
(May-2018)

UNIT-IV / PART-A
1 Define transient response.
The response or the output of the circuit from the instant of switching to the attainment of steady state is
known as transient response.
2 Define transient state and transient time.( NOV 2013)
In a network containing energy storage elements, with change in excitation, the currents and voltage
change from one state to another state. The behavior of the voltage or current when it is changed from one
state to another state is called the transient state.
The time taken for the circuit to change from one steady state to another steady state is called the transient
time.
3 Draw the current curve of a RL transient connected to a DC source.(April 2017)

.
4 Distinguish between natural and forced response.(JUNE 2014)

Natural Response Forced Response

It is determined by the internal energy stored in It is determined by the applicat
the network external energy source
Voltage source and current sources are not present. Voltage and current sources are pr

5 Define the term Rise time (tr) & Delay time (td).
Rise time, tr: The time taken by the response waveform to rise from 10% to 90% of its steady state value.
Fall time tf: The time taken by the response waveform to fall from 90% to 10% of steady state value.
Delay time, td: time difference between input transition (50%) and 50% output level
6 Write the purpose of Laplace transformation in the circuit analysis.( NOV 2013)
The Laplace transform method follows the same process: We use the Laplace transformation to transform
the circuit from the time domain to the frequency domain ,obtain the solution, and apply the inverse
Laplace transform to the result to transform it back to the time domain.
The Laplace transform is significant for a number of reasons. First, it can be applied to a wider variety of
inputs than phasor analysis. Second, it provides an easy way to solve circuit problems involving initial
conditions, because it allows us to work with algebraic equations instead of differential equations. Third,
the Laplace transform is capable of providing us, in one single operation, the total response of the circuit
comprising both the natural and forced responses
7 Distinguish Steady State and Transient State. (NOV 2015)
Steady State Transient State
In a network containing energy s elements,
A circuit having constant sources is said to be
with change in excitation currents and
in steady state if the currents and voltages do
voltage change from one st another state.
not change with time.
The behaviour of the voltage or current w is
Thus, circuits with currents and voltages
changed from one state to another st called
having constant amplitude and constant
the transient state.
frequency sinusoidal functions are also
considered to be in a steady state.

8 Define the frequency response of series RLC circuit. (JUNE 2015)

The response of a linear circuit for a sinusoidal excitation as a function of angular frequency ω is known
as frequency response of the circuit
9 Let a parallel RL network is connected to a DC source find the voltage across resistor at steady
state?(May 2019)
Voltage across resistor is nothing but source voltage of given parallel RL circuit
10 Calculate the initial value of current passing through the circuit shown in figure 3 when the
switch placed from position 1 to 2 at time t=0.(NOV-2019)

11 What is the meaning of forced response?(May-2019)

Forced response is the system's response to an external stimulus with zero initial conditions. In circuits,
this would just be the response of the circuit to external voltage and current source.
12 Define Resonance.
Resonance is defined as a phenomenon in which applied voltage and resulting current are in-phase. In
other words, an AC circuit is said to be in resonance if it exhibits unity
power factor condition, that means applied voltage and resulting current are in phase.
13 What is a parallel resonance?
The parallel circuit is said to be in resonance, when the power factor is unity. This is true when the
imaginary part of the total admittance is zero.
14 Define Bandwidth, half power frequencies?(JUNE 2013)
The difference between the half power frequencies f1 and f2 at which power is half of its maximum is
called bandwidth BW = f2-f1 in Hz
It can be observed that at two frequencies f1 and f2 the power is half of its maximum value. These
frequencies are called half power frequencies. Out of the two half power frequencies, the frequency f2
is called upper cut-off frequency while the frequency f1
is called lower cut-off frequency.
15 Define quality factor of a series resonant circuit. ( NOV 2014)
Quality factor is the ratio of resonant frequency to bandwidth.

Q0

UNIT-IV / PART-B
1 Derive the expression for the transient current flowing through a RLC series circuit to step input
voltage for all possible damping with necessary waveform.(NOV-2019)
2 A sinusoidal voltage of 10 sin 100t is connected in series with a switch and R= 10Ω & L=0.1H. If
the switch is closed at t=0, determine the transient current i(t).(JUNE 2016) [Link] the circuit shown
in below figure. Determine the transient current after switch is closed at time t=0, given that an
initial charge of 100µC is stored in the capacitor. Derive the necessary equations. (JUNE 2016)
3 In the circuit shown in below figure. Determine the transient current after switch is closed at time
t=0, given that an initial charge of 100µC is stored in the capacitor. Derive the necessary equations.
(JUNE 2016)

4 A series RL circuit with R=50Ω and L=30 H has a constant voltage V=50 volts applied at t=0.
Determine the current i, voltage across inductor. Derive the necessary expression and plot the
respective curves. (NOV 2016)

5 A series RL circuit with R=10Ω and L=0.1H is supplied by an input voltage v(t) 10sin100t Volts
applied at t=0 as shown. Determine the current i, voltage across [Link] the necessary
expression and plot the respective curves.(April 2017)

6 Elucidate the complete response of series RLC circuit with sinusoidal excitation.(April 2021)
7 A series RLC circuits consist of R = 1000 ohm, L=100mH & C=10 x 10-12F, the applied voltage
across the circuit is 100V. Calculate, the resonant frequency of the circuit (b) the Q-factor of the
circuit at resonant frequency (c) At what angular velocities do the half power points occur?
(d)Compute the BW of the circuit (e) the value of frequency at which maximum voltage occurs
across inductor (f)the value of frequency at which maximum voltage occurs across capacitor.(JUNE
2013)
8 Impedance Z1 an Z2 are parallel and this combination is in series with an impedance Z3 ,
connected to a 100V 50Hz AC supply. Z1 = (5-jXc ) Ω, Z2 = (5+j0 ) Ω and Z3 = (25+j25) Ω.
Determine the value of capacitance such that total current of the circuit will be in phase with the
total voltage. Find the circuit current and power. (NOV 2014).
9 i)With neat illustration describe the parallel resonant circuit and the equivalent parallel network
for a series RL [Link] find the Q-factor of a parallel resonant circuit.(NOV 2014)
ii)for the circuit below, determine the frequency at which circuit resonates. Also find the quality
factor, voltage across inductance and voltage across capacitance at resonance (NOV 2015)
 10 Determine the resonant frequency , bandwidth and quality factor of the coil for the
series resonant circuit considering R=10Ω,L=0.1 H and C=10µF. Derive the formula used for
bandwidth. (JUNE 2016)
UNIT-V / PART-A
1 Define Graph of a network.

Network graph is simply called as graph. It consists of a set of nodes connected by branches. In graphs, a
node is a common point of two or more branches……..That means,
the line segments in the graph represent the branches corresponding to either passive elements or voltage
sources of electric circuit.
2 What is meant by Tree of a network and Twig of a network?

The tree of a network connects all the nodes of the network but contains no closed path. Each branch of
tree is called as a twig.
3 Define planar and Non-Planar graphs.

A graph is said to be planar if it can be drawn on a plane surface such that no two
branches cross each other. A graph containing cross over is called as non-planar
4 List out the properties of a tree.
❖ It contains all the nodes of the graph.
❖ A graph having ‘n’ nodes will have (n-1) branches in its tree
❖ Tree does not have any closed path.
❖ There may be many trees for a given graph
5 What is a Tie set.
Consider a tree of a connected [Link]-set is a unique set with respect to this tree
containing one chord and all of the tree branches contained in the free path formed between
two vertices of the chord.
6 List out the advantages of Tie-set matrix.
a) From the tie-set matrix, we can frame the voltage loop equations for each loop
b) Tie-set matrix gives the branches currents in terms of loop currents or link currents.

7 What is a cut-set?
Cut-set is the set of elements which if removed divides the graph in to two sub graphs and the graph
becomes unconnected

8 For a ‘n’ node network, how many are the chords?

If ‘b’ is the number of branches in a network and n, the number of nodes, then number of chords= b-n+1.

9 What are the terms associated with network graph?

The terms associated with network graphs are branches, link, node, loop, tree, co-tree,
tie-set, cut-set.
10 Find the incident matrix of the following directed graph. ( May 2021 )

Incidence matrix gives the relation between nodes and branches of a graph. If the branch
is leaving away from the node allocate +1
If the branch entering towards the node allocate -1 If the
branch is not related to the node allocate 0
Here in the given oriented graph it consist 4 nodes and 6 branches

Incident Matrix:

UNIT-V / PART-B
1 Determine the Tie set matrix of the following graph. Also find the branch current and voltage
equation of the given graph

2 Determine the cut-set matrix and the current branch equation of the given graph.

3 A reduced incidence matrix of a graph given by obtain possible number of trees. (NOV-2019)

A=

4 Show the cut-sets for the graph shown in figure 7 and develop the fundamental cut- set
matrix.(NOV-2019)
 5 Derive the relation between coefficient of coupling& the self-inductance& mutual inductance.
(JUNE 2013)(JUNE 2015)

6 Obtain a conductively coupled equivalent circuit for the magnetically coupled circuit shown
below. (DEC 2012, JUNE 2016)

7 Derive the expression for equivalent inductance of the parallel resonant circuit as shown in
figure. (JUNE 2016)

8 i)Two coupled coils have self-inductances of L1 = 100 mH and L2 = 400 mH. The coupling
coefficient is 0. Find M. If N1 is 1000 turns, what is the value of N2? If a current i1 = 2sin(500t) A
through the coil-1, find the flux Ф1 and the mutually induced voltage V2M.
(ii)A RLC series circuit has R=60 Ω, L=160mH and C=160μf. Find the resonant frequency under
resonant condition obtain the current, power and the voltage drops across the various elements if
the applied voltage is 300V. (DEC2012)

9 Calculate I2 for which I1 will be zero in the circuit shown. Also calculate V2 for the this
condition.

10 Determine the overall inductance of the two coils connected in parallel as shown in the
figure. (May-2018)