QUALITY MEETING
NAME :- SACHIN RAYSING
SUBJECTE :- PLUMBING
PUMBING
The plumbing system is made up of two systems:
the supply system that brings in fresh water, and the drain-waste-vent system that takes
out used water and sewage.
There are three principal parts:
• Water supply system.
• Water and waste removal system.
• Plumbing fixtures.
TYPES OF PIPE
1) PVC SWR (Polyvinyl Chloride) - Pipes and fittings are used for soil,
waste and rain water. Available in 2 Types (Type – A & B) with
solve fit & push fit. The difference between the two is of wall
thickness of the pipe. Wall thickness of type B is more then
that of type A. Type B pipe can be stand with higher pressure
compared to type A.
2) UPVC (Un-plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride pipe) - Pipes and
fittings
are used for water supply. Available in 3 Types (SCH – 40, 80 &
120) with threaded & solvent joint.
3) CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride) - Pipes and fittings are
used for concealed plumbing. Available in 5 Types (SDR 11 – 13.5
& SCH – 40, 80 & 120)
TYPES OF PIPE
4)HDPE (High density polyethylene) – This pipes are used for
transmission of Drinking water & Waste water. HDPE is a softer,
more bendable plastic, making HDPE pipe more suitable for lower
pressure, tight bending radius situations.
5)KITEC PIPE – This are using for drinking water system. as
wells in for
under-floor heating systems, and hot water baseboard heaters.
Kitec pipes are available in 3 types :
1) PR Pipe – having pressure rating of 13.8 Kg/Cm2 at 23°C & 11.0
Kg/Cm2 at 60 °C short term excursion to 95 °C.
2) PL Pipe - having pressure rating of 12.0 Kg/Cm2 at 23°C and
6.0 Kg/Cm2 at 65°C and being used for outdoor as well as
concealed installations.
3) PE-AL-2 PEX - are suitable for applications having continuous
operating temperature of 95 °C at 5.0Kg/Cm2. rated pressure
at 80 °C2 temperature is 8.0 Kg/Cm2. short term excursions to
110 °C will not affect the over all performance of these pipes.
TYPES OF PIPE
6 ) Ductile Iron pipes - These pipes are used for transmission
and distribution of potable water.
High tensile strength, good elastic modulus and excellent
ductility, make it suitable for high stress applications.
• High corrosion resistance.
• Excellent hydraulic flow.
• High working pressure compared to other types of pipes.
• Ease of installation.
• Long lifetime.
• Can accommodate ground movement with built-in angular
deflection.
Diameter: 80mm to 1000mm
Length : 5.5 to 6 m
TYPES OF PIPE MATERIAL USED IN PLUMBING FOR WATER SUPPLY
- GI
- PPR
- COPPER
- STAINLESS STEEL
- PVC (for potable cold water)
- HDPE
- CPVC
- UPVC (for potable cold water)
- MULTILAYER PIPES (PEX)
PVC SWR STANDARD & TYPES
SWR PIPE
TYPE A
TYPE B
SOLFIT PUSHFIT SOLFIT
PUSHFIT
SWR PIPES AS PER STANDARD
Type A – For Rain water & Ventilation Application
Type B – For Soil & Waste Discharge Application
Type B Pipes are thicker than Type A
Print Colour
Type A Blue
Type B White
SWR PLUMBING SYSTEM : INSTALLATION PROCESS FOR PUSH FIT
Step 1: Cutting
Measure and cut pipe to size. Ensure to cut the pipes straight and
square. Inspect pipe ends thoroughly before making the cut, if any
cracks or split in the ring is noticed cut off a minimum of 25mm
beyond the visible crack before proceeding.
Step 2: Chamfering and Deburring
Burrs in and on pipe end can obstruct flow/proper contact between
the pipe and socket of the fitting during assembly and should be
removed from both in and outside of the pipe. A 15 mm dia half
round file/a pen knife or a deburring tool are suitable for this purpose.
A slight bevel on the end of the pipe will ease entry of the pipe into
the socket of the fitting socket.
Step 3: Fitting Preparation
Use a clean dry cloth to wipe the dirt, moisture from the fitting and
pipe end.
Step 4: Check for Yellow Seal(rubber ring)™
Check the socket end for Yellow Seal™. Ensure that the
yellow part of the seal is towards the outside of socket.
Step 5: Lubricant
Apply the lubricant on the chamfered end of the pipe.
Step 6: Assembly
Immediately insert the pipe into the fitting socket. Rotate the pipe
slightly while inserting. Withdraw pipe until the mark is 12 mm away from socket.
This means a 12 mm gap exists between the end of the pipe
and the socket register. This gap will allow the pipe to expand without
distorting the pipe-work jointing.
SWR plumbing system: Installation process for Sol fit (solvent joint)
Step 1: Cutting
Measure and cut pipe to size. Ensure to cut the pipes straight and
square. Inspect pipe ends thoroughly before making the cut, if any
cracks or split in the ring is noticed cut off a minimum of 25 mm
beyond the visible crack before proceeding.
Step 2: Chamfering and Deburring
Burrs in and on pipe end can obstruct flow/proper contact between
the pipe and socket of the fitting during assembly and should be
removed from both in and outside of the pipe. A 15 mm dia half
round file/a pen knife or a deburring tool are suitable for this purpose.
A slight bevel on the end of the pipe will ease entry of the pipe into
the socket of the fitting socket.
Step 3: Fitting Preparation
Use a clean dry cloth to wipe the dirt, moisture from the fitting
and
pipe end.
Step 4: Check for Socket
Check the socket end should be damage & dust free.
Ensure that the end part of the pipe is towards the
outside of socket.
Step 5: Solvent
Apply the lubricant on the chamfered end of the pipe.
Step 6: Assembly
Immediately insert the pipe into the fitting socket. Rotate the pipe slightly while
inserting. Withdraw pipe until the mark is 12 mm away from socket.
This means a 12 mm gap exists between the end of the pipe and the socket register.
This gap will allow the pipe to expand without distorting the pipe-work jointing.
TYPES OF CPVC PIPE
CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride) - Pipes and fittings are used
for concealed plumbing. Available in 4 Types (SDR 11 – 13.5 & SCH –40 & 80)
SDR 11 pipes & fitting used for concealed plumbing and water supply
Riser / Downtake work purpose. CPVC pipe & fitting are using from 15mm to 50mm Dia.
SDR 13.5 pipes & fitting are also used for concealed plumbing and water supply
Riser / Downtake work purpose but depends on working pressure.
Like sample flat & temporary plumbing work.
SCH 40 pipes & fitting are used for water supply Riser / Down take work purpose.
SCH 80 pipes & fitting are used for water supply Riser / Downtake work purpose.
Specially for high pressure.
Class of pipe Colour Class of fitting Colour
Class -1 SDR 11 pipe Tan red stripe with logo SDR 11 Fitting Tan
Class-2 / SDR 13.5 Pipe Tan brown stripe with logo SDR 11 Fitting Tan
SCH 40 Pipe Tan brown stripe SCH 40 Fittings Tan
SCH 80 Pipe Tan red stripe SCH 80 Fittings Tan
CPVC PLUMBING SYSTEM STANDARDS & CODE
Class of Pipe / Fittings Standard Sizes available
Class-1 / SDR 11 Pipe IS 15778, ASTM D 2846 ½” – 2”
Class-2 / SDR 13.5 Pipe IS 15778 ½” – 2”
SCH 40 Pipe ASTM F 441 2½” – 6”
SCH 80 Pipe ASTM F 441 2½” – 6”
SDR 11 Fittings ASTM D 2846 ½” – 2”
SCH 40 Fittings ASTM F 438 2½” – 6”
SCH 80 Fittings ASTM F 439 2½” – 6”
PRESSURE GAGE CALIBRATION FOR CONCEAL TESTING
Purpose
•Ensure pressure readings are accurate before testing plumbing systems.
•Avoid false results that could lead to undetected leaks or pipe damage
Materials Needed
•Test pressure gauge
•Master/calibrated reference gauge (accurate and certified)
•Hand pump or pressure source
•Connections/fittings compatible with both gauges
•Screwdriver or adjustment tool (if gauge is adjustable)
PRESSURE GAGE CALIBRATION FOR CONCEAL TESTING
1. Inspect the Gauge
•Check for physical damage, cracks, or stuck needle.
•Ensure the gauge is rated for the expected pressure range.
2. Set Up Calibration Circuit
•Connect the gauge to be tested in series with the master
reference gauge using suitable fittings.
•Attach to a controlled pressure source, such as a hand pump
or site water/air system.
3. Apply Pressure Gradually
•Slowly increase pressure in steps (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3 bar… up to full
range).
•At each step, compare the reading of the test gauge to the
master gauge
4. Record Deviations
•Note any difference between the test gauge and reference
gauge readings.
•Example: If reference = 2 bar, test gauge = 1.9 bar → devia on
= -0.1 bar
PRESSURE GAGE CALIBRATION FOR CONCEAL TESTING
5. Adjust the Gauge (If Adjustable)
•Many mechanical gauges have a screw at the back for
zero/scale adjustment.
•Adjust so readings match the reference gauge at several points
across the range.
6. Check Both Increasing and Decreasing Pressure
•Apply and release pressure to ensure linearity (gauge reads
accurately both ways).
•Watch for hysteresis (reading lag when pressure drops)
7. Final Verification
•After adjustment, repeat the full pressure range test.
•Confirm deviations are within acceptable limits
(usually ±1–2% of full scale for construction use)
8. Document Results
•Record gauge ID, calibration date, reference used, and
deviations.
•Attach a calibration tag to the gauge for site use
Defect Gage
Obtain of Reading – 1).11.00
2)13.5
3)11.00
4).11.00
5)13.00
CONCEALED PLUMBING & WATERPROOFING FLOW CHART
Tile Marking and Waterproofing
As per Drawing Sleeve connector
Level Pad marking work
fixing
CPVC Pipes Skeleton Flushing line fixing PVC /CPVC Pipes
Zari Cutting
testing, fixing and and Water test of Skeleton Making
Concealing work PVC Line
WC Chair Bracket Ponding Test
Brickbat Work IPS over Brickbat
fixing
STANDARD PLUMBING FIXTURE HEIGHTS
Sr no Particulars Height MM
1 Wash Basin 800/900
2 Faucet (mixed/pillar cock With Basin
3 Bottle Trap 450
4 Shower Head 2100
5 Health Faucet /Angle cock/stop cock 450
6 Diverter 900
7 Bath Spout 600
8 Water Closet 450
TOOLS
CPVC Concealed Pressure Testing Process
1. Purpose of Pressure Testing
•To check leakage in joints and pipes
•Ensure system can handle working pressure
•Avoid future wall breaking after finishing
2. Tools & Materials Required
•Pressure testing pump (manual or electric)
•Pressure gauge
•End caps / plugs
•Teflon tape
•Water source
3. Step-by-Step Process
Step 1: Complete Pipeline Installation
•Install all CPVC pipes and fittings
•Ensure solvent cement joints are properly done
•Allow curing time:
• Minimum 24 hours (important!)
CPVC Concealed Pressure Testing Process
Step 2: Seal All Open Ends
•Close all outlets (taps, shower points, etc.) with end caps
•Ensure no open points remain
Step 3: Fill the Line with Water
•Slowly fill pipes with water
•Remove air from system (very important)
•Open one point slightly to release trapped air
Step 4: Connect Pressure Pump
•Attach pump to one point (usually inlet line)
•Fix pressure gauge properly
Checked Pipe Skeletion
½” 200 PSI For Two hours
Plushing line at 250 PSI for two hours
CPVC Concealed Pressure Testing Process
To text a pipe system increasing pre test a pipe system
increasing pressure in the system is
the best way to determine, either the system is ok or not.
pressure given in the system
must be one & half times than actual design pressure. generally
pressure testing to be done
at 200 psi or 15 kg/cm2. for 2hrs.
CPVC Concealed Pressure Testing Process
Monitor Pressure:
•Keep the system under pressure for 15–30 minutes.
•Watch the pressure gauge. Any drop indicates leakage.
Inspect for Leaks:
•Check all visible joints, fittings, and exposed sections.
•Fix any leaks detected, then retest
Release Pressure Safely:
•After testing, slowly release pressure before connecting
fixtures
CPVC Concealed Pressure Testing Process
Important Considerations
•Test Before Concealing: Must be done before tiling, plastering, or screeding.
•Use Correct Pressure: Too high can damage pipes; too low may not detect leaks.
•Record Results: Note pressure readings and test duration for inspection or regulatory compliance.
•Repair & Retest: Any leaks found must be fixed and tested again.
CONCEAL CASING PATTING FIXING
GI Casing Patti
2. Purpose of Plumbing Casing Patti
[Link] of Pipes
1. Prevents damage to pipes due to construction loads or vibrations.
2. Protects against accidental impact while finishing walls or floors.
CASING PATTY
Casing patties are generally using to protect pipes from
external damages.
• 15mm dia pipe = 25mm size casing patty
• 20mm dia pipe = 32mm size casing patty
• 32mm dia pipe = 50mm size casing patty
CONCEAL CASING PATTING FIXING
Installation Process (Simplified)
[Link] the pipe location on the wall/floor.
[Link] the pipe with a slight gap from the surrounding structure.
[Link] a casing sleeve around the pipe if required.
[Link] cement or concrete casing patti around the pipe to secure it.
[Link] and finish so that the wall can be plastered cleanly.