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Typescript Notes

TypeScript is a programming language that extends JavaScript by adding types, which helps catch errors early and improves code clarity. It includes various data types such as primitive types, arrays, tuples, enums, and interfaces, allowing for better structure and type safety in code. Additionally, TypeScript supports classes and objects, enhancing JavaScript's capabilities with type safety.

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2 views10 pages

Typescript Notes

TypeScript is a programming language that extends JavaScript by adding types, which helps catch errors early and improves code clarity. It includes various data types such as primitive types, arrays, tuples, enums, and interfaces, allowing for better structure and type safety in code. Additionally, TypeScript supports classes and objects, enhancing JavaScript's capabilities with type safety.

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sthasumit96
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Typescript Notes

What is TypeScript?
TypeScript is a programming language built on top of JavaScript.
It adds types to JavaScript which helps catch errors early and makes code easier to understand.

Reference

() {} []

Primitive

a) Number
Used for integers and decimal numbers.

b) String
Used for text.

c) Boolean
Used for true or false values

d) Any
Can store any type of value.
Avoid using too much because it removes type safety.

unknown

unknown is a type-safe version of any.

It means:

 value can be anything


 but TypeScript will force you to check the type before using it
 You cannot directly use methods or operations on it.
 TypeScript gives error because it does not know if value is really a string.

e) Undefined
Variable declared but no value assigned.

f) Null
Represents empty value.
g)BigInt Example
Used for very large numbers.

h) Symbol Example
Used for unique identifiers.

Arrays
Arrays store multiple values of the same type.
Array of Numbers

Array of Strings

Another Array Syntax


Mixed Array using any

Tuples
Tuple is a special array where:
 number of elements is fixed
 types are fixed in order

Explanation:

 First value must be string


 Second value must be number

Enums
Enum (Enumeration) is used to store a group of related constants.
It makes code more readable and easier to manage.
Void
void means a function does not return any value.

Used mostly in functions.

This function only prints something.


It does not return anything.

Type Inference

Type Annotations

Interface and Type Alias


Interface is used to define the structure of an object.

It describes:

 properties
 data types
 methods

Optional Properties
Readonly Property
Cannot be changed later.

interface with function

interface merges the same name objs


interface ko kam obj ko shape define garne

Extending Interface
extending an interface in TypeScript means
you take one interface and add more properties to it

simple idea: inherit + add extra


now Student has:

 name
 age
 grade

Type Alias in TypeScript

What is Type Alias?


Type alias creates a custom type using type.

in TypeScript, a type alias is just a way to give a name to a type. simple.

now you can reuse it:


type ko kam chai type deifine garne datatypes use garera
a union in TypeScript means
👉 a value can be one of multiple types

simple idea: “this OR that”

intersection
C now has:

 name
 age

Classes and Objects


In TypeScript, classes and objects work almost same like Java or C#. TypeScript adds type
safety on top of JavaScript.

A class is a template to make objects.

Object
 Object = collection of data (key + value)
 No class needed
 No constructor needed
Constructer

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