BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

PRACTICE
CE(PE)602A
MAKAUT University  [Link] Civil Engineering  Semester VI
2L + 0T | 2 Credits | Full Marks: 70 | Time: 3 Hours

⋄ Premium Colourful Digital Notes ⋄

Compiled from the Ocial MAKAUT Syllabus
and Analysis of Last 2 Years' Question Papers (202324 & 202425)

What's Inside
✓ Module-wise theory (Modules 13) ✓ PYQ Bank ✓ Quick-re revision
table ✓ Topic weightage analysis
Building Construction Practice CE(PE)602A  MAKAUT

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Contents
0.1 Specications & Sequence of Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
0.2 Site Clearance, Marking & Earthwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
0.3 Masonry Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
0.3.1 Stone Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
0.3.2 Brick Masonry  Bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
0.3.3 Concrete Hollow Block Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
0.4 Flooring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
0.5 DPC & Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
0.6 Precast Pavements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
0.7 Foundations, Basements & Temporary Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
0.8 Formwork Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
0.9 Steel Trusses, Frames & Braced Domes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
0.10 Weatherproong, Roof Finishes, Acoustic & Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
0.11 Arches & Stairs (Recent PYQ Terms) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
0.12 Box Jacking & Pipe Jacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
0.13 Diaphragm Walls & Basement Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
0.14 Tunnelling Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
0.15 Piling Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
0.16 Well & Caisson Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
0.17 Coerdams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
0.18 Cable Anchoring, Grouting & Sheet Piles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
0.19 Shoring, Well Points & Dewatering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
0.20 Site Investigation Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
0.21 Bridge Decks, Launching Girders & Oshore Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
0.22 Special Forms for Shells & Heavy Deck Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
0.23 In-Situ Prestressing in High-Rise Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
0.24 Material Handling  Equipment & Systems  ⋆⋆⋆ (High-Yield) . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
0.25 Erecting Light-Weight Components & Support Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
0.26 Erection of Articulated Structures, Braced Domes & Space Decks . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
0.27 Lifts (Elevators) & Lift Modernization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
0.28 Demolition Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
0.29 Composite Members & Structural Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

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Building Construction Practice CE(PE)602A  MAKAUT

Syllabus Snapshot

Module Title Hours Weightage

1 Building Construction Practice Basics 12L ⋆⋆⋆
2 Sub-Structure Construction 10L ⋆⋆⋆
3 Super-Structure Construction & Material Handling 8L ⋆⋆⋆⋆

ˆ Trend Alert
Recent (202425) papers shift Group-C weight heavily toward Material Handling Equipment
(cranes, forklifts, pulleys, conveyors) and demolition/lift technology  both nested inside Mod-
ule 3.

Module 1  Building Construction Fundamentals

0.1 Specications & Sequence of Activities

Specication
A written document describing the quality, quantity and workmanship of materials and works. It
ensures uniformity, controls cost, and is a legal part of the construction contract.

Typical Sequence: Site clearance → Setting out/Marking → Earthwork → Foundation → Sub-

structure → DPC → Superstructure → Roong → Finishing → Services → Handover.

0.2 Site Clearance, Marking & Earthwork

ˆ Site Clearance: Removal of vegetation, debris, topsoil and demolition of existing structures.

ˆ Marking/Setting Out: Transferring the layout to ground using centre lines, batter boards, theodo-
lite/total station.

ˆ Earthwork: Cutting, lling, levelling, and compacting soil to formation level.

0.3 Masonry Construction

0.3.1 Stone Masonry
ˆ How are face stones dressed in random rubble masonry?
Face stones are given a rough/hammer dressing; larger stones (quoins) are laid alternately at cor-
ners as headers/stretchers, small spalls ll gaps, and through/bond stones tie the wythes together.

Classication of Rubble Masonry (PYQ: Categories)

1. Random Rubble  Uncoursed & Coursed

2. Squared Rubble  Coursed / Uncoursed / Random / Regular coursed

3. Polygonal Rubble

4. Flint Rubble  uses knapped/split int (small, hard nodular stones giving a at bedding face)
5. Rock/Cyclopean Rubble  large rough stones, wide mortar joints (used in dams)

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Building Construction Practice CE(PE)602A  MAKAUT

Ashlar Masonry: Finely dressed stones with ne (≤36 mm) joints  types: ne, rough-tooled,
rock/pitched-faced, chamfered, block-in-course.

ˆ Which stone is used for buildings in industrial towns?

Granite (also hard trap/quartzite) is preferred, as its low porosity and superior resistance to
chemical (SO2 /acidic) attack from polluted air outperform limestone/sandstone.

0.3.2 Brick Masonry  Bonds

Purpose: Avoid continuous vertical joints, distribute load uniformly, ensure interlocking strength.
Types: Stretcher, Header, English (strongest), Flemish (best appearance), Dutch, English cross,
Facing, Garden wall, Raking bond.

ˆ Portion of brick cut across the width

Called a Bat (a half bat is cut across the width to half the length; a queen closer is cut lengthwise).

0.3.3 Concrete Hollow Block Masonry

Larger hollow concrete blocks laid with mortar  lighter, faster, better thermal/sound insulation,
reduced dead load; used for load-bearing and partition walls.

0.4 Flooring
ˆ Factors aecting selection of ooring material
Durability, cost, appearance, resistance to wear/moisture/chemicals, maintenance, sound/heat
insulation, non-slip nature, availability, and intended room use.

ˆ Stone Flooring: Flat dressed slabs (Kota, marble, sandstone, granite) over a base concrete/mortar
bed  durable, decorative, used in halls/lobbies/industrial oors.

ˆ Asphalt Flooring: Bitumen + ne aggregate laid hot  jointless, waterproof, acid-resistant, sound-
absorbing; used in factories, labs, roofs.

ˆ Rubber Flooring: Rubber sheets/tiles bonded to sub-oor  resilient, noiseless, non-slip; used in
hospitals, auditoria, labs.

0.5 DPC & Joints

Damp Proof Course (DPC)
An impervious layer (cement concrete / bitumen felt / plastic sheet) provided in walls just above
ground level to prevent rising damp.

Construction Joint: Plane between two successive concrete pours (a planned stopping point).
Movement/Expansion Joint: Gap left to permit thermal expansion/contraction and shrinkage,
preventing cracks.

0.6 Precast Pavements

Slabs cast in a factory/yard and laid on prepared sub-grade  faster construction, quality control, easy
replacement; used for roads, footpaths, industrial yards.

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Building Construction Practice CE(PE)602A  MAKAUT

0.7 Foundations, Basements & Temporary Structures

ˆ Foundation: Transmits building loads to soil  shallow (spread/strip/raft) or deep (pile/caisson/well).

ˆ
ˆ Raft slab projection beyond outer walls
Called the toe/edge projection, provided to reduce soil bearing pressure and give extra bearing
area.

ˆ Basement: Below-ground oor needing waterproong, retaining walls and dewatering during con-
struction.

ˆ Temporary Shed: Site oce/storage structure for materials & labour.

0.8 Formwork Systems

Term Meaning
Centering Temporary support for horizontal members (beams, slabs, arches) until self-
supporting.
Shuttering Temporary mould (timber/steel/ply) shaping fresh concrete.
Slip Form Continuously jacked formwork for tall uniform-section structures (silos,
chimneys, cores)  monolithic, rapid, joint-free.
Scaolding Temporary work platform  single, double (mason's), cantilever, suspended,
trestle, steel tube.
De-shuttering Removal of formwork after concrete gains sucient strength (per IS 456
stripping-time table).

0.9 Steel Trusses, Frames & Braced Domes

ˆ Braced Domes  meaning, types, advantages
Meaning: A dome-shaped space structure formed by triangulated steel members, giving large
column-free covered spans (stadiums, exhibition halls).
Types: Ribbed dome, Schwedler dome, Lamella dome, Geodesic dome, Grid dome.
Advantages: Large clear span, light self-weight, ecient material use, aesthetic appeal, fast
erection, economical for large enclosures.

0.10 Weatherproong, Roof Finishes, Acoustic & Fire Protection

ˆ Acoustic Material
A material that absorbs/controls sound transmission and reverberation (e.g., mineral wool, acoustic
tiles, perforated boards, carpets)  used in auditoria, studios, cinema halls.

ˆ Fire Protection
Measures to prevent re spread and protect occupants: re-resistant materials (RCC/brick), re
doors/shutters, compartmentation, re-escape staircases, sprinklers, alarms, smoke detectors, ad-
equate exits  per National Building Code (NBC) provisions.

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Building Construction Practice CE(PE)602A  MAKAUT

0.11 Arches & Stairs (Recent PYQ Terms)

Term Denition
Sot / Intrados Under (concave) surface of an arch
Extrados Outer (convex) surface of an arch
Quoin Exterior angle between the outer faces of a wall at a corner
Winders Angular/tapered steps used to change staircase direction (instead of a landing)

Module 2  Sub-Structure Construction

0.12 Box Jacking & Pipe Jacking

Pipe Jacking: Trenchless method of installing pipes by hydraulically jacking precast pipe sections
through the ground behind a shield, with excavated soil removed through the pipe  used for sew-
ers/culverts beneath roads/railways without open-cut.
Box Jacking: Similar principle used to push large rectangular RCC box structures (e.g., underpasses
beneath railway tracks) through an embankment.

0.13 Diaphragm Walls & Basement Construction

Diaphragm Wall
A reinforced concrete wall built in a narrow trench under bentonite slurry (to prevent collapse)
in alternate panels  used as a permanent retaining/basement/cut-o wall, and for underwater
construction.

Sequence: Guide wall → panel excavation under slurry → reinforcement cage placement → tremie
concreting (displacing slurry) → panel jointing (stop-ends/CWS joints).

0.14 Tunnelling Techniques

ˆ Bored tunnel method
Excavation using a shield or Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) that simultaneously supports the face
and erects lining (precast segments) as it advances  minimises surface disturbance; used for long,
deep tunnels (metro, sewer).

ˆ Lining material for sub-aqueous shield tunnels

Cast iron (or precast concrete) segmental lining, bolted together, is preferred underwater
since it is watertight and resists high external hydrostatic pressure.

ˆ Empirical formula for lining thickness

D
t= + 200 (mm), D = tunnel diameter (m)
20
Lining thickness increases with tunnel diameter.

0.15 Piling Techniques

Purpose: Transfer heavy structural loads through weak soil to a stronger stratum, or resist up-
lift/lateral loads.
Classication: By material (timber, concrete, steel, composite); by installation (driven / bored /

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Building Construction Practice CE(PE)602A  MAKAUT

driven-cast-in-situ).
Methods: Pile driving (hammer/vibratory), pre-boring, jetting.

0.16 Well & Caisson Foundations

ˆ Main types of caisson foundation
1. Open Caisson (Well Foundation): Open top & bottom, sunk by excavating soil from inside
 commonly used for bridge piers in India; economical & simple.

2. Pneumatic Caisson: Sealed working chamber pressurised with compressed air to exclude
water, allowing dry excavation  used for deep water/soft strata; expensive but allows inspection
& deep sinking.

3. Box (Floating) Caisson: Closed at the bottom, oated to position and sunk by lling with
concrete/ballast  used where the bearing stratum is near the surface; fastest method.

ˆ Material suitable for Open Well type caissons

Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) steining is generally used (sometimes steel/timber for
temporary curb) as it resists sinking stresses and is durable underwater.

0.17 Coerdams
Coerdam
A temporary watertight enclosure built in/around a water body to exclude water, allowing dry
construction of foundations (piers, caissons).

Types: Earthen/sandbag, single/double-wall sheet pile, braced, cellular, rock-ll coerdam.

Sinking: Progressive internal excavation plus self-weight (or kentledge) lowers the coerdam/caisson
to founding level.

0.18 Cable Anchoring, Grouting & Sheet Piles

ˆ Cable/Ground Anchoring: Pre-stressed steel tendons grouted into drilled holes in rock/soil to
resist tensile/uplift or lateral forces.

ˆ Grouting: Injecting cement/chemical grout under pressure into soil/rock voids to improve strength
& reduce permeability.

ˆ Sheet Piles: Interlocking piles (steel/timber/RCC) driven to form a continuous wall  used for
coerdams, retaining earth, deep excavation support.

0.19 Shoring, Well Points & Dewatering

Shoring: Temporary support to sides of a deep excavation or unstable structure  raking shore, ying
shore, dead shore.

ˆ Well Point Dewatering System

A series of small-diameter well points (perforated pipes with strainers) inserted around an excava-
tion at close spacing, connected to a header pipe & pump, lowering the water table by suction and
allowing dry excavation below the water table. Suitable for sandy/silty soils; installed in stages
(multi-stage system) for greater depths.

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Building Construction Practice CE(PE)602A  MAKAUT

ˆ Precautions during sheet piling

Ensure correct interlocking & verticality, avoid excessive vibration/damage to adjoining structures,
control noise, monitor settlement, sequence driving to avoid piles walking out of line, provide
adequate guide frames/walers.

ˆ Electro-osmosis dewatering
Developed by L. Casagrande; used for very ne-grained soils (silt/clay) where well points are
ineective. A DC electric eld applied between anode & cathode probes drives pore water toward
the cathode (well point), from where it is pumped out.

0.20 Site Investigation Note

ˆ Auger boring  unsuitable soils
Auger boring works well in soft, cohesive, above-water-table soils but is unsuitable for soils
requiring casing/support  i.e., loose, caving, coarse gravelly/boulder soils, or soils below the
water table.

Module 3  Super-Structure Construction

0.21 Bridge Decks, Launching Girders & Oshore Platforms

Launching Girder: A long steel girder used to erect precast bridge segments span-by-span without
ground falsework  moves forward along the completed deck.
Bridge Deck Construction: Precast segmental, cast-in-situ balanced cantilever, incremental launch-
ing.

ˆ Oshore Platform
A xed or oating structure erected in the sea, primarily to support oil/gas drilling and production
equipment (also wind turbines)  typically a steel jacket piled into the seabed supporting a deck
above wave level, fabricated onshore and positioned by barges & cranes.

0.22 Special Forms for Shells & Heavy Deck Techniques

Shell structures (domes, hyperbolic paraboloids, conoids) require doubly-curved formwork  tim-
ber/steel ribs with plywood sheeting, or reusable adjustable/pneumatic formwork. Heavy deck erection
uses launching trusses, gantry cranes, or lift-and-slide methods.

0.23 In-Situ Prestressing in High-Rise Structures

Method Description
Pre-tensioning Tendons stretched before concreting; bond transfers stress on release.
Ideal for factory-based, mass-produced small precast elements.
Post-tensioning Tendons stressed after concrete hardens, through ducts, then anchored.
Ideally suited for long-span/heavy in-situ members and high-
rise structural elements (transfer girders, at slabs).

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Building Construction Practice CE(PE)602A  MAKAUT

ˆ Necessity of high-strength concrete in PSC

Required to resist high compressive stresses induced by prestressing force, minimise elastic short-
ening/creep/shrinkage losses, achieve full bond in pre-tensioned members, and allow economical
smaller sections.

0.24 Material Handling  Equipment & Systems  ⋆⋆⋆ (High-Yield)

Equipment Key Points

EOT Crane Runs on rails on gantry girders at the top of a building/workshop; has
a bridge & trolley arrangement (long-travel bridge + cross-travel
heavy industrial workshops, steel
trolley + hoist). Generally used in
plants, power houses.
Wharf/Dock Crane Fixed at a harbour wharf for ship loading/unloading. Motions: hoist-
ing, slewing (rotation about vertical axis), lung (raising/lowering jib),
travelling along the wharf.
Winch Simple hoisting device (drum + rope + gearing/crank). Purpose:
raise/lower loads or pull objects horizontally with mechanical advantage;
used with cranes, derricks, hauling.
Simple vs Multiple Simple pulley (single xed) only changes force direction (M.A. = 1).
Pulley Multiple/block-and-tackle pulley (xed + movable) gives mechanical ad-
vantage equal to the number of supporting rope segments, lifting heavy
loads with less eort. Dierence: multiple pulleys trade force for dis-
tance.
Forklift Truck Wheeled vehicle with power-operated forks for lifting palletised loads.
Stability achieved via a rear counterweight, low centre of gravity,
and adequate wheelbase.
Walkie (Pedestrian) Hand-operated pallet truck, operator walks alongside  for short-
Truck distance, low-lift movement in tight spaces.
Robotic Handling Automated/programmable system (robotic arms/AGVs) performing
System repetitive handling tasks (pick-place, palletising) with precision, with-
out direct manual control.
Belt Conveyor Continuous endless-belt system over rollers/pulleys, operated horizon-
tally or inclined ◦
(up to ∼1520 ) for continuous bulk transport.
Storage Hop- Funnel-shaped bulk storage structures; the gate at the bottom outlet
pers/Silos controls/regulates the rate and start-stop of discharge.
Classication & Specied by BIS (IS 8730)  covers classication of bulk materials by
Codication size, shape, density, owability, abrasiveness.
Economy in Han- Achieved by minimising handling distance/time, avoiding re-handling,
dling mechanised/continuous systems, route planning, standardised pallets,
reduced manual labour.

0.25 Erecting Light-Weight Components & Support Structures

Tall structures use tower cranes, climbing cranes (occasionally helicopters) to erect light-weight cladding/roof
components. Support structures for heavy equipment & conveyors: steel trestles, gantries, pipe racks
designed for dynamic and static loads.

0.26 Erection of Articulated Structures, Braced Domes & Space Decks

Articulated Structures: Assemblies with pin/hinge connections allowing relative rotation  erected
via sequential jointing and temporary props.

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Building Construction Practice CE(PE)602A  MAKAUT

Space Decks: Prefabricated modular space-frame roong units (pyramidal units bolted on the ground,
then lifted or erected piece by piece)  large-span, lightweight, factory-quality roofs.

0.27 Lifts (Elevators) & Lift Modernization

ˆ Lift Modernization
Upgrading old lift systems (drive, controller, door operator, car interior, safety devices) to improve
speed, energy eciency, safety compliance, and ride comfort without full shaft replacement.

ˆ Steps: Traditional → Modern Lift

1. Condition survey & feasibility study of existing shaft/machine room

2. Replace geared with gearless/regenerative drive

3. Upgrade controller to microprocessor-based system

4. Install automatic door operators & safety sensors (light curtains)

5. Replace old wiring/ropes with modern high-tensile ropes/belts

6. Refurbish car interior (nishes, lighting, display)

7. Add destination control / access control systems

8. Commission & test as per IS 14665

0.28 Demolition Techniques

ˆ Demolition Ball
A heavy steel wrecking ball suspended from a crane and swung/dropped repeatedly against a
structure to break it down by impact. Used for low-rise, isolated structures away from sensitive
neighbours (noise/vibration/debris scatter are drawbacks).

ˆ Pusher Arm Method

Demolition using a hydraulic excavator/crawler tractor tted with a pusher arm (ram/boom) that
pushes over weak/damaged structures (up to ∼23 storeys)  controlled, progressive, avoids wide
debris scatter, used where working space is limited.

0.29 Composite Members & Structural Joints

ˆ Composite Member
A structural member made of two or more dierent materials (e.g., steel + concrete with shear
connectors) acting together to combine steel's tension/ductility with concrete's compression/re
resistance.

ˆ Requirements of an ideal structural joint

ˆ Adequate strength to transfer design forces (axial, shear, moment)

ˆ Sucient stiness/rigidity as assumed in analysis

ˆ Ductility for force redistribution (especially in seismic zones)

ˆ Ease of fabrication & erection

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Building Construction Practice CE(PE)602A  MAKAUT

ˆ Durability/corrosion resistance

ˆ Economy

ˆ Accessibility for inspection & maintenance

PYQ Bank  CE(PE)602A (Last 2 Years)

202324 Paper (UPID 006737)

Group A (1×10): stone dressing (RRM) · shield tunnel lining material · PSC bridge deck members
· rubble masonry categories · tunnel lining thickness formula · post-tensioning suitability · int type
· caisson material (Open Well) · need for high strength concrete in PSC · stone for industrial towns ·
electro-osmosis developer · simultaneous batching eect.
Group B (5×3): Oshore platform · Stone ooring · Bored tunnel method · Pre-tensioning ·
Diaphragm wall.
Group C (15×3):
ˆ Precautions in sheet piling (5) + Well point dewatering method (10)

ˆ Braced domes: meaning (5), types (5), advantages (5)

ˆ Factors for ooring material selection (6) + Asphalt & rubber ooring (9)

ˆ Main types of caisson foundation (3) + brief on each (12)

ˆ Acoustic material (5) + Fire protection (10)

202425 Paper (UPID 006737)

Group A (1×10): EOT crane arrangement · robotic handling system · belt conveyor orientation ·
forklift stability · economy in material handling · BIS code for bulk material classication (IS 8730) ·
sot of arch · quoin · winders · raft slab projection · auger boring unsuitability · brick bat.
Group B (5×3): Purpose of winch · Motions of wharf crane · Where EOT crane is used ·
Advantages of EOT crane · Function of hopper/silo gate.
Group C (15×3):
ˆ Fork lift trucks (7) + Walkie truck (8)

ˆ Simple vs multiple pulley  notes (8) + dierence (7)

ˆ Lift modernization (5) + traditional→modern steps (10)

ˆ Composite member (5) + requirements of ideal structural joint (10)

ˆ Demolition ball (7) + Pusher arm method (8)

Quick-Fire Revision  Fill in the Blanks Master List

# Statement Answer
1 Face stones in random rubble masonry are ___ Hammer/rough dressed
dressed
2 Lining for sub-aqueous shield tunnels Cast iron / precast concrete seg-
ments

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Building Construction Practice CE(PE)602A  MAKAUT

# Statement Answer
3 PSC bridge decks comprise Precast prestressed seg-
ments/girders
4 Rubble masonry categories Random, Squared, Polygonal
(+Flint, Rock)
5 Tunnel lining thickness formula t = D/20 + 200 mm
6 Post-tensioning ideal for Long-span/heavy in-situ & high-
rise members
7 Flint used in int rubble masonry Knapped/split int
8 Suitable for Open Well caissons RCC steining
9 High strength concrete needed in PSC due to High compressive stress, reduced
losses
10 Stone for industrial towns Granite
11 Electro-osmosis dewatering developed by L. Casagrande
12 Simultaneous batching of cement, FA, CA improves Workability/mixing eciency
13 EOT crane has Bridge & trolley arrangement
14 Robotic handling system is Automated/programmed han-
dling
15 Belt conveyors operate in Horizontal/inclined direction
16 Forklift stability via Rear counterweight
17 Economy in handling via Minimising distance/re-handling,
mechanization
18 BIS code for bulk material classication IS 8730
19 Under-surface of arch Sot/Intrados
20 Exterior angle between wall faces Quoin
21 Angular stair-direction steps Winders
22 Raft slab projects beyond walls as Toe/edge projection
23 Auger boring unsuitable for Coarse/gravelly, caving, below-
water-table soils
24 Portion of brick cut across width Bat (half bat)

Topic-wise Weightage

Topic Area Relative Weightage %

Material Handling Equipment 30%

Masonry & Stone Work 20%

Sub-structure (Tun- 18%

nels/Caissons)

Flooring & Finishes 12%

Prestressing/Superstructure 10%

Demolition & Lifts 8%

Misc. (arches, stairs, raft) 5%

High-Priority Topics for Exam

1. Material handling equipment  EOT crane, wharf crane, forklift, pulleys, conveyors, hoppers ⋆⋆⋆

2. Well point dewatering & sheet piling precautions ⋆⋆⋆

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Building Construction Practice CE(PE)602A  MAKAUT

3. Caisson types & sinking ⋆⋆⋆

4. Braced domes & space decks ⋆⋆

5. Flooring materials (stone, asphalt, rubber) ⋆⋆

6. Prestressing (pre- vs post-tensioning) ⋆⋆

7. Demolition methods (ball & pusher arm) ⋆⋆

8. Tunnelling & lining ⋆⋆

Reference Books: Building Construction  Varghese, P.C.; Construction

Technology  Chudley, R.; National Building Code (BIS); Construction Planning,
Methods and Equipment  Peurifoy, R.L.

⋆ End of Notes  Good Luck! ⋆

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