The effects of time management on the Academic performance of students

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Time management is an important skill that students need to do well in school. Every day,
students have many tasks to complete such as assignments, projects, quizzes, and other
school activities. Because of these responsibilities, students must learn how to manage and use
their time wisely. However, some students find it difficult to do this because of procrastination,
distractions from gadgets, and lack of proper planning. As a result, they often cram, submit
requirements late, and get low grades.

Nowadays, with the wide use of social media, online games, and other forms of entertainment, it
has become even harder for students to focus on their studies. Because of this, it is important to
examine how time management affects the academic performance of students and how good
time management can help them achieve better results in school.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Students today have many responsibilities not only in school but also at home. Aside from
studying, some students also do household chores, part-time jobs, and other personal activities.
Due to poor time management, many students experience problems such as late submission of
requirements, studying only before exams, and feeling too much stress and pressure.

Several studies show that students who plan their time well are more organized, less anxious,
and perform better in school. Students who set goals, follow schedules, and avoid distractions
usually get higher grades. On the other hand, students with poor time management often miss
deadlines, submit incomplete work, and lose motivation to study.

In the Philippines, this problem is more common especially now with blended and online
learning. This type of learning requires more self-discipline and responsibility from students.

Because of these situations, the researchers decided to conduct this study to determine how
time management affects the academic performance of students. The results of this study may
help students become more aware of the importance of managing their time and develop better
study habits for their success.

Statement of the Problem

Students today face different challenges in managing their time because of increasing academic
workloads, extracurricular activities, family responsibilities, and distractions from gadgets and
social media. Since time management plays an important role in helping students accomplish
their school requirements, many researchers have studied its influence on students' learning
and academic achievement. However, there is still a need to determine how students manage
their time and whether it has an effect on their academic performance. Therefore, this study
aims to examine the effects of time management on the academic performance of students. The
findings of this study may help students realize the importance of using their time effectively to
improve their academic performance.

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. How do students manage their time in completing their academic responsibilities?

2. What factors affect the students' time management?

3. How does time management affect the academic performance of students?

4. Is there a significant relationship between time management and the academic performance
of students?

HYPOTHESIS

This study aims to determine the effects of time management on the academic performance of
students. Based on the problem stated, the researchers came up with the following hypothesis.

Null Hypothesis (H0)

There is no significant relationship between time management and the academic performance
of students. This means that whether students manage their time well or not, it does not affect
their grades in school.

Alternative Hypothesis (H1)

There is a significant relationship between time management and the academic performance of
students. This means that students who manage their time effectively are more likely to achieve
better academic performance compared to those who do not.

In other words, the researchers believe that good time management practices such as planning,
prioritizing tasks, and avoiding distractions can help students get higher grades and perform
better in school.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
This study is grounded on the Time Management Theory by Macan, Shahani, Dipboye, and
Phillips in 1990. The theory explains that effective time management involves three main
behaviors. First is setting clear goals and priorities. Second is making a schedule and following
it. Third is having the preference to stay organized and avoid wasting time.

According to this theory, when students manage their time well, they experience less pressure
and anxiety in school. As a result, they can focus better on their lessons, submit requirements
on time, and achieve higher academic performance. In contrast, students with poor time
management tend to procrastinate, cram, and perform poorly because they lack preparation.

This study is also supported by the Self-Regulated Learning Theory by Zimmerman in 2002 This
theory states that academic success depends on how students control their own learning
process. Self-regulated learners know how to plan their study time, monitor their progress, and
adjust their strategies when needed.

Time management is a key part of self-regulation. Students who can regulate their time and
effort are more likely to stay motivated and perform well in school.

Grade 12 students both theories suggest that there is a direct connection between time
management and academic performance. Students who practice good time management and
can regulate their learning behavior are expected to have better grades compared to those who
do not.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This study aims to determine the effects of time management on the academic performance of
Grade 12 students. This study uses the Input-Process-Output model* to show the relationship
between the variables.

The Input includes the time management practices of the students. This covers how students
plan their daily tasks, avoid delaying schoolwork, and control distractions like cellphones and
social media while studying.

The Process involves the collection of data through a survey questionnaire. The researchers will
ask the respondents about their time management habits and will also get their grades to
measure academic performance. The gathered data will be tallied, analyzed, and interpreted to
find the relationship between the two variables.

The Output of this study is the academic performance of the students. This refers to the grades
of the Grade 12 student respondents. Through this, the researchers will know if students who
manage their time well have better academic results than those who do not.
Overall, this framework shows that time management practices can influence the academic
performance of students.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study aims to find out the effects of time management on the academic performance of
Grade 12 students The results of this study will be useful to the following:

To the Students. This study will help students understand why time management is important in
school. It may encourage them to plan their time wisely, avoid cramming, and focus more on
their studies. In this way, they can improve their grades and reduce stress.

To the [Link] study can help teachers know the common time management problems of
students. Through this, they can give guidance and activities that will teach students how to
organize their time and become more responsible in doing school tasks.

To the Parents. The findings of this study will give parents an idea on how they can support their
children in managing time at home. They can help their children set a study schedule and limit
distractions like gadgets and social media.

To the School Administrators This study may help the school create programs or workshops that
teach students proper time management and study skills. This can help improve the overall
academic performance of the students.

To Future Researchers This study can be used as a reference by other researchers who want to
study about time management and academic performance. It may also serve as a guide for
them to explore other related topics.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study focuses on determining the effects of time management on the academic
performance of students*. Specifically, it will look into how students plan their time, set priorities,
and avoid distractions, and how these practices are related to their grades and school
performance.

The respondents of this study will be the students Only the students currently enrolled in Grade
12 will be included because they are experiencing a heavier workload and more responsibilities
compared to lower grade levels.
The study will use a survey questionnaire to gather data about the students' time management
habits and will use their recent grades or general average as the measure of academic
performance.

However, this study will not cover other factors that may also affect academic performance such
as family background, financial status, teaching methods, and learning environment. The study
will also be limited only to students and will not include students from other schools or grade
levels. Therefore, the results of this study may only be applied to the respondents involved in
this research.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

For better understanding of this study, the following terms are defined conceptually and
operationally.

Time Management

Conceptual Time management is the skill of planning and organizing how a person uses their
time to finish tasks.
Operational In this study, time management refers to how Grade 12 students of Abcca schedule
their activities, set priorities, and control distractions to complete school requirements.

Academic Performance

Conceptual Academic performance refers to the level of achievement or output of a student in

school.
Operational In this study, academic performance refers to the grades or general average of the
Grade 12 student respondents for students

Procrastination

Conceptual Procrastination is the habit of delaying important tasks and doing them at the last
minute.
Operational In this study, procrastination refers to students who tend to study only before exams
or submit requirements past the deadline.

Distraction

Conceptual Distraction is anything that diverts a person's attention from the task they are
supposed to do.
Operational In this study, distraction refers to social media, mobile games, and other online
activities that affect students' focus in studying.
Study Habits

Conceptual Study habits are the regular practices or routines that students follow when learning.
Operational In this study, study habits refer to how students organize their study time and
prepare for their school tasks.