Semester 2 Final Exam Name__________________

Read all instructions carefully. Must show all work for full credit. Don’t forget to have
units and the correct number of significant figures.

1. Why is it important to perform stoichiometry with moles instead of grams?

____2. According to the reaction: 2 C + 3 H2 C2H6 , how many moles of ethane, C2H6, will be
created if 12 moles of hydrogen gas is reacted with excess carbon?

a. 2 mol C2H6
b. 3 mol C2H6
c. 4 mol C2H6
d. 6 mol C2H6

3. Nitrogen gas can be prepared by passing gaseous ammonia over solid copper (II) oxide.
___NH3 + ___CuO → ____N2 + ____Cu + ____H2O
a. Balance the reaction

For the reaction, 18.1 g of NH3 are added to 90.4 g of CuO

b. Which reactant is the limiting reactant?

c. How many grams of copper will be produced?

d. What is the percent yield if 24.6 g of copper was produced?

 e. How many grams of excess reactant remain?

4. A gaseous mixture made up only of 4.0 moles of hydrogen and 6.0 moles of neon with a total
pressure of 12.6 atm. What is the partial pressure of each gas?

5. At a constant volume, a gas initially at STP is heated up to 237oC. What is the new pressure?

6. Use the following equation

___Mg(s) + ___O2 (g)→ ___MgO(s)

a. Balance the reaction

b. If 2.34g of MgO was produced, determine the volume of O2? The temperature was 24.0oC and
the pressure was 0.988 atm.
___7. During a dilution, what stays the same before and after?
a. Moles of solvent
b. Moles of solute
c. Volume of solution
d. Molarity of solvent

___8. What is the conjugate acid of HCO3-?

a. H2CO3-
b. H2CO3
c. CO3-
d. CO32-
9. Identify the bronsted lowry acid (BLA), bronsted lowry base (BLB), conjugate acid (CA), and
conjugate base (CB).
HSO4- + HNO2 ⇌ NO2- + H2SO4

10. What is the primary purpose of a buffer?

11. The molarity of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)) is 0.0000294 M. What is the pH, pOH,
[H+], and [OH-]?

12. The titration of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) follows
the reaction
____Ca(OH)2 + ____H3PO4 → ___H2O + ___Ca3(PO4)2

a. Balance the reaction

For the titration, 92.5 mL of 0.482 M Ca(OH)2 is needed to neutralize 63.4 mL of
phosphoric acid (don’t forget to consider the stoichiometry).

b. What is the molarity of phosphoric acid?

13. Calculate the equilibrium constant for this reaction:

2 PO2Br (aq) ⮀ 2 PO2 (aq) + Br2 (aq)

Given: [PO2Br] = 0.0255M, [PO2] = 0.155M, and [Br2] = 0.00351M at equilibrium.

14. A solution is prepared having the following initial concentrations:

[Fe3+] = [Hg22+] = 0.5000 M; [Fe2+] = [Hg2+] = 0.03000 M

The following reaction occurs among the ions at a certain temperature.

2Fe3+(aq) + Hg22+(aq) ⇔ 2Fe2+(aq) + 2Hg2+(aq) K = 9.14 x 10-8

Which way will the reaction shift? Hint, find the reaction quotient!
15. Using the following reaction, determine which way the reaction shift under different
stresses and explain why it shifts in that direction or doesn’t shift.

4HCl (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2Cl2 (g) + 2H2O (g)

a. Add H2O

b. Decrease the volume

___16. A substance releases heat energy when it changes from…

a. A solid to a liquid
b. A solid to a gas
c. A liquid to a solid
d. A liquid to a gas

Questions 17 – 20 refer to the following heating curve

___17. In what parts of the heating curve is some (not only) liquid present?
a. Region A
b. Region B
c. Region C
d. All of the above

____18. In what parts of the heating curve is only solid present?

a. Region A
b. Region B
c. Region C
d. Regions A and B only
____19. What is occurring on the molecular level during region B

a. The temperature of the compound is increasing, this increases the average

kinetic energy of the particles and the particles move faster
b. The temperature of the compound is constant, energy provided is being
used to weaken intermolecular forces
c. The temperature of the compound is constant, energy provided is being
used to break intermolecular forces
d. All of the above

____20. What is occurring on the molecular level during region C

a. The temperature of the compound is increasing, this increases the average

kinetic energy of the particles and the particles move faster
b. The temperature of the compound is constant, energy provided is being
used to weaken intermolecular forces
c. The temperature of the compound is constant, energy provided is being
used to break intermolecular forces
d. All of the above

21. A 28.4 g block of metal has an original temperature of 17.0°C and final temperature
of 34.20 C. The specific heat was 0.450 J/g °C. How much heat is produced?

22. 84.0g of a metal is heated to 112.0ºC, and then placed in a coffee cup calorimeter
containing 60.0g of water at 32.0ºC. The final temperature in the calorimeter is 42.0ºC.
What is the specific heat of the metal? Specific heat of water is 4.184 J/(g* oC)
23. Calculate the heat of formation for the equation:

B2H6 (g) + 3O2 (g) → B2O3 (s) + 3H2O (l), given the following information

2B (s) + 3H2 (g) → B2H6 (g) ΔH1 = 36.0 kJ

H2 (g) + ½ O2 (g) → H2O (l) ΔH2 = -286.0 kJ
4B (s) + 3O2 (g) → 2B2O3 (s) ΔH3 = -2548.0 kJ

24. Calculate the heat of reaction for the following reaction

3NO2 (g) + H2O (l) → 2HNO3 (aq) + NO (g)

25. Balance the following reactions and identify them as synthesis, decomposition,
single replacement, double replacement, and combustion reactions this year.

Reaction Reaction Type

___CH4 + ____ O2 ____ CO2 + ____ H2O A.

____ Al(OH)3 + ____ HCl  ____ AlCl3 + ____ H2O B.

____ AgNO3 + ____ H2SO4  ____ Ag2SO4 + ____ HNO3 C.

____ FeO + ____ O2  ____ Fe2O3 D.

____ KClO3  ____KCl + ____ O2 E.

26. What does the salt K3PO4 dissociate into when it dissolves in water?

27. Below are the reactants for 5 reactions that we learned during the acid/base unit.
Determine the products. Don’t forget to balance the reactions!

Reactants Products

HBr + Ba(OH)2 

CaO + HBr 

CaCO3 + HBr 

NaHCO3 + HBr 

Mg + HBr 

28. Fill in the table below with the appropriate empirical formula given the molecular
formula.

Molecular Formula Empirical Formula

C4H6O2
C8H10N4O2
H2O2
CoC4O4

29. Arrange the following in order of increased mass percent of carbon and justify
your answer:

a) Caffeine, C8H10N4O2

b) Sucrose, C12H22O11

c) Ethanol, C2H5OH
30. Find the percent compositions of all the of elements in the compound formaldehyde,
CH2O.
Equation Sheet and Constants

Compound ΔHf (kJ/mol) Compoun ΔHf (kJ/mol)

d
CH4(g) -74.8 HCl(g) -92.3

CO2(g) -393.5 H2O(g) -241.8

NaCl(s) -411.0 SO2(g) -296.1

H2O(l) -285.8 NH4Cl(s) -315.4

H2S(g) -20.1 NO(g) +90.4

H2SO4(l) -811.3 NO2(g) +33.9

MgSO4(s) -1278.2 SnCl4(l) -545.2

MnO(s) -384.9 SnO(s) -286.2

MnO2(s) -519.7 SnO2(s) -580.7

NaCl(s) -411.0 SO2(g) -296.1

NaF(s) -569.0 SO3(g) -395.2

NaOH(s) -426.7 ZnO(s) -348.0

NH3(g) -46.2 ZnS(s) -202.9

CO(g) -110.5

HNO3 (aq) -135

Temperature in Kelvin = 273.15 + Temperature in Celsius

P1V1 = P2V2
V1 /T1 = V2/ T2
P1 /T1 = P2/ T2
V1 /n1 = V2/ n2
P1V1 /T1 = P2V2/ T2
PV = nRT;
R = 0.08206 L atm/mol K
ΧA = nA / nT = PA/PT
M=n/V
M1V1 = M2V2
pH = -log [H+]
pOH = -log [OH-]
pH + pOH = 14
[H+] = 10-pH
[OH-] = 10-pOH
q = m x CP x ΔT
ΔHrxn = ΣΔH°f(products) - ΣΔH°f(reactants)

Percent yield = (actual/theoretical) x 100%