REVISION EXERCISE: LINEAR FUNCTION
1) Draw a neat sketch graph of each of the following on separate axes.
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥
b) 𝑔(𝑥) = 2 + 𝑥
c) ℎ(𝑥) = 2 − 2𝑥
2) For each of the functions below, state whether the sign of 𝑎 and 𝑞 is positive, negative or
zero.
a) 𝑦 b) 𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑞
𝑥
𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑞
c) 𝑦 d) 𝑦
𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑞
𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑞
PRE-CHAPTER SUMMARY: LINEAR FUNCTION
𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒄
𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏
𝒎=
𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏
𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 = 𝒎(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 )
𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕
𝒙 = 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕
𝒎𝟏 = 𝒎𝟐
𝒎𝟏 × 𝒎𝟐 = −𝟏
PRE-CHAPTER SUMMARY: QUADRATIC FUNCTION
𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄
𝒚 = 𝒂(𝒙 − 𝒑)𝟐 + 𝒒
(𝒑; 𝒒)
−𝒃
𝒑=
𝟐𝒂
Converting from standard to Vertex Form
Standard form: 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 Vertex form: 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑝)2 + 𝑞
Option 1: Factorise
Option 2: Complete the square
Option 3: Axis of symmetry
Examples:
Write each of the equations in vertex form. Give the vertex and describe how
the function has shifted from the origin.
1) 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟗
Option 1: 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 3)
∴ 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 3)2
6 2 6 2
Option 2: 𝑦 − 9 + ( ) = 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + ( )
2 2
𝑦 − 9 + 9 = (𝑥 + 3)2
𝑦 = (𝑥 + 3)2
Option 3: 𝑎 = 1
−𝑏 −6
𝑝: 𝑥 = = = −3
2𝑎 2(1)
𝑞: 𝑦 = (−3)2 + 6(−3) + 9
=0
∴ 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 3)2
∴ Vertex: (−3; 0)
∴ Moved 3 units left from the origin
2) 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔
3) 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒
4) 𝒚 = −𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏
HOMEWORK:
In each of the following questions, complete the square to write each of the
equations in vertex form. Give the vertex and describe how the function has
shifted from the origin.
1) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1
2) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 8
3) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 16
4) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9
5) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 4
6) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 9
1
7) 𝑦 = 𝑥² + 5𝑥 + 4
2
Converting from vertex to Standard and 𝒙-intercept Form
Standard form: 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 Vertex form: 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑝)2 + 𝑞
𝑥-intercept form: 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥 − 𝑥2 )
Examples:
Write each of the equations in standard and 𝑥-intercept form. Give the vertex
and describe how the function has shifted from the origin.
1) 𝒚 = (𝒙 − 𝟒)𝟐 − 𝟗
𝑦 = (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 − 4) − 9
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 16 − 9
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 7 Standard form
𝑦 = (𝑥 − 7)(𝑥 − 1) x-intercept form
∴ Vertex: (4; −9)
∴ Shifted: 4 units right and 9 units down.
2) 𝒚 = 𝟒(𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 − 𝟏
3) 𝒚 = −(𝒙 + 𝟓)𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔
4) 𝒚 = (𝒙 − 𝟑)𝟐 − 𝟒
HOMEWORK:
Write each of the equations in standard and x-intercept form. Give the vertex
and describe how the function has shifted from the origin.
1) 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2)2 − 4
1
2) 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2)2 − 32
2
3) 𝑦 = −2(𝑥 + 4)2 + 8
4) 𝑦 = 3(𝑥 − 4)2 − 12
SKETCHING THE QUADRATIC FUNCTION (Parabola)
Sketch the graphs of the following functions on separate axes. Clearly indicate
the axis of symmetry, the coordinates of the intercepts with the axes and the
turning point. Then write down the domain and range, minimum and/or
maximum of the functions, and state for which values of 𝑥 the function will be
increasing or decreasing.
a) ℎ(𝑥) = −2𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 8
b) 𝑓(𝑥) = −4𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 4
Homework questions:
Sketch the graphs of the following functions on separate axes. Clearly indicate
the axis of symmetry, the coordinates of the intercepts with the axes and the
turning point. Then write down the domain and range, minimum and/or
maximum of the functions, and state for which values of 𝑥 the function will be
increasing or decreasing.
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5
b) 𝑔(𝑥) = 8 − 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2
c) ℎ(𝑥) = 2(𝑥 + 3)2 − 8
d) 𝑦 = −(𝑥 + 2)2 + 1
DETERMINING THE EQUATION OF A PARABOLA
Example 1 (Given the 𝑥-intercepts and one point)
Determine the equation of a parabola that goes through the following points:
(2; 0); (−4; 0); (4; 8)
Example 2 (Given the vertex and 1 point)
Determine the equation of the parabola if it has a vertex (1; 2) and goes through
(2; −1)
Homework: Exercise 5 p.90
Graph Interpretation: Parabola
1) Given: 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 12
a) Write 𝑔(𝑥) in vertex form by completing the square
b) Write the turning point of 𝑔(𝑥) in the form (𝑝; 𝑞)
c) Determine the 𝑥-intercept of 𝑔(𝑥)
d) Sketch the graph of 𝑔(𝑥)
e) Sketch the graph of ℎ(𝑥) on the same axis if ℎ(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 3
f) Determine the
coordinates of the
intercepts of 𝑔 and ℎ
algebraically and
indicate it on the graph
g) Use the graph to determine the values of 𝑥 for which:
(i) 𝑔(𝑥 ) > ℎ(𝑥)
(ii) 𝑔(𝑥) ≤ 0
h) Determine the equation of 𝑝(𝑥) if 𝑝(𝑥) is the equation of 𝑔(𝑥 )
translated 2 units to the left and 1 unit up.
2) The graphs of 𝑓(𝑥 ) = −(𝑥 − 2)2 + 9 and 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑘
D is the turning point of 𝑓; DH∥ 𝑦-axis
2.1) Determine the lengths of:
a) OA
b) OC
c) OH
d) DH
2.2) Determine the values of 𝑚 and 𝑘
2.3) Determine the lengths of:
a) DP
b) QR if OK = 4
c) OG if EF = 4
PRE-CHAPTER SUMMARY: HYPERBOLA
GR10 GR11
𝒂 𝒂
𝒚= +𝒒 𝒚= +𝒒
𝒙 𝒙+𝒑
Sketching Hyperbolas (Gr11)
E.g.]
3
ℎ(𝑥) = −2
𝑥+1
Estimate Shape: Equation of Asymptotes:
Intercepts:
Axis of Symmetry: Sketch:
Domain: Range:
Increasing: Decreasing:
Finding the Equation – Hyperbola
Example:
𝑎
Find the values of 𝑎; 𝑝 and 𝑞 in 𝑦 = +𝑞
𝑥−𝑝
2 3
Homework: Exercise 8 p.99 #1-4
PRE-CHAPTER SUMMARY: EXPONENTIAL
GR10 GR11
𝒚 = 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒒 𝒚 = 𝒃𝒙−𝒑 + 𝒒
Sketching Exponential Functions
E.g.] Sketch the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 2. 2𝑥−1 − 4
Asymptote:
Intercepts:
Extra point(s):
Sketch:
Basic graph interpretation – Exponential
1) Finding the equation: 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑥+𝑝 + 𝑞
* Often given partial equation and a-value is usually given as 1 or -1.
Normally, the asymptote and a point will also be given
* Find p-value by knowing what the “mother function” looks like and how the
“new” graph has shifted (or p could be given)
* Solve for b-value.
Example: Determine the equation of 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑥+1 + 𝑞
𝑔(𝑥)
(−3; 2)
𝑦 = −2
2) Domain & Range:
Domain: 𝑥 ∈ ℝ (for all exponential functions)
Range: is limited by the asymptote
If 𝑎 > 0 If 𝑎 < 0
Then the range is > 𝑞-value Then the range is < 𝑞-value
3) Increasing and Decreasing:
Values of 𝑥 for which the graph is
Increasing:
When 𝑏 > 1 & 𝑎 < 0 then the function increases for 𝑥 ∈ ℝ
Decreasing:
When 𝑏 < 1 (fraction) and 𝑎 < 0 then the function decreases for 𝑥 ∈ ℝ
Homework: Exercise 6 (handout) a; d; e; h
Revision exercise:
Exercise 7 (handout) #1 a; d & #2