NEET Minor Test #05 — Zoology Detailed Solutions

Body Fluids and Circulation | Questions 136 to 180

Q136. Evaluation of Cardiac Statements Correct Option: (b)

Statement A: Correct. Chordae tendinae attach the free edges of AV valve cusps to papillary muscles in ventricular walls.
Statement B: Correct. Tunica media consists of smooth muscle fibers and elastic fibers.
Statement C: Incorrect. SAN is the primary pacemaker (AVN is secondary).
Statement D: Incorrect. Total cardiac cycle = 0.8 s; ventricular systole = 0.3 s, so ventricular diastole = 0.5 s (not 0.7 s).
Thus, A & B are correct, C & D are incorrect.

Q137. Abundance of Stained Leukocytes Correct Option: (a)

Hematoxylin stains cell nuclei. Neutrophils constitute the largest proportion of total WBCs (60–65%), followed by lymphocytes (20–
25%), monocytes (6–8%), eosinophils (2–3%), and basophils (0.5–1%).

Q138. Function of Chordae Tendinae of Tricuspid Valve Correct Option: (c)

Injury to the chordae tendinae of the tricuspid valve prevents complete valve closure during right ventricular systole, allowing blood to
backflow into the right atrium. Consequently, the volume of blood ejected into the pulmonary artery is reduced.

Q139. Number of Cardiac Cycles per Minute Correct Option: (d)

In a normal resting adult human, the heart beats approximately 72 times per minute. Each beat represents one complete cardiac cycle
involving double circulation.

Q140. Sequential Stages in Cardiac Cycle Correct Option: (a)

Diagram B represents Atrial Systole (blood pushed from atria to ventricles), C represents Ventricular Systole (semilunar valves open,
blood pumped into major arteries), and A represents Joint Diastole (passive filling of all chambers). The sequence is B → C → A.

Q141. Saline Water in Hypertension Correct Option: (c)

Assertion: True. Saline contains high $ ext{Na}^+$ ions which increase blood volume and vascular resistance, further elevating blood
pressure.
Reason: False. Saline intake expands extracellular fluid volume and raises BP rather than dropping it or causing cardiac arrest via
vomiting.

Q142. Incorrect Statements Regarding Blood Components Correct Option: (c)

(I) Incorrect: Plasma makes up 55% of total blood volume (not 90%; 90–92% of plasma itself is water).
(II) Correct: Albumins maintain oncotic/osmotic pressure.
(III) Correct: Fibrinogen is essential for blood clotting.
(IV) Incorrect: Serum is plasma without clotting factors (not plasma without cells; plasma as a whole lacks blood cells). Thus,
statements I and IV are incorrect.

Q143. Matching Standard ECG Waves Correct Option: (c)

P-wave: Depolarisation of atria (iv).
QRS complex: Depolarisation of ventricles (i).
T-wave: Repolarisation of ventricles (ii).
Reduction in size of T-wave: Indicates insufficient oxygen to heart muscle i.e. Coronary ischemia (iii).
Match: (a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii).

Q144. Accuracy of Cardiac System Statements Correct Option: (d)

(i) Incorrect: Heart is mesodermal in origin.
(ii) Incorrect: Mitral (bicuspid) valve guards the left atrioventricular opening.
(iii) Incorrect: SAN is located in the right upper corner of the right atrium.
(iv) Correct: $ ext{Cardiac Output} = ext{Stroke Volume} (70 ext{ mL}) imes ext{Heart Rate} (72/ ext{min}) pprox 5000 ext{ mL/min}$.
Q145. Factors Increasing Heart Rate Correct Option: (a)
Heart rate is accelerated by sympathetic neural stimulation (i), adrenal medullary hormones adrenaline/noradrenaline (iii), and
thyroxine/T3 hormone (v). Parasympathetic signals and vagus nerve stimulation decrease heart rate.

Q146. Matching WBC Types with Percentages Correct Option: (c)

Eosinophils (A): 2–3% (II).
Lymphocytes (B): 20–25% (III).
Neutrophils (C): 60–65% (IV).
Monocytes (D): 6–8% (I).
Match: (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I).

Q147. Double Circulation Vessels & Oxygenation Status Correct Option: (d)
Vessel A (Pulmonary Artery): Carries deoxygenated blood from Right Ventricle to Lungs (A is correct).
Vessel B (Pulmonary Vein): Carries oxygenated blood from Lungs to Left Atrium (B is incorrect).
Vessel C (Vena Cava): Carries deoxygenated blood from Body Organs to Right Atrium (C is incorrect).
Vessel D (Dorsal Aorta): Carries oxygenated blood from Left Ventricle to Body Organs (D is correct).

Q148. Histology of Blood Vessel Walls Correct Option: (b)

Tunica media is composed of smooth muscle fibers and elastic fibers, not skeletal muscle. Thus, option (b) is incorrect.

Q149. Pathophysiology of Erythroblastosis Foetalis Correct Option: (c)

Maternal anti-Rh IgG antibodies cross the placenta into Rh-positive fetal circulation and destroy fetal RBCs, causing severe anemia,
jaundice, and potential fetal mortality.

Q150. Correct Statements Regarding Lymph Correct Option: (c)

(A) Correct: Colourless fluid rich in specialized lymphocytes.
(B) Correct: Important carrier for nutrients and hormones.
(C) Correct: Contains fibrinogen and can clot.
(D) Incorrect: Lymph lacks RBCs and platelets, but contains WBCs (lymphocytes).
(E) Correct: Major medium for exchange between blood and tissues.
(F) Incorrect: Total WBC count in lymph is lower than blood overall, though proportion of lymphocytes is high.
Four statements (A, B, C, E) are correct.

Q151. Sequence of Pulmonary Circulation Correct Option: (a)

Pulmonary circulation pathway: Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Artery (deoxygenated blood) → Lungs (oxygenation) → Pulmonary Vein
(oxygenated blood) → Left Atrium.

Q152. Parasympathetic Nervous System Effects on Heart Correct Option: (c)

Parasympathetic neural signals (via vagus nerve) release acetylcholine, which decreases heart rate (B), slows conduction speed of
action potentials (D), and reduces cardiac output (F).

Q153. Mechanical Event Onset in Standard ECG Correct Option: (b)

The QRS complex represents electrical ventricular depolarisation. The actual mechanical contraction (ventricular systole) begins
shortly after the Q wave.

Q154. Events During Ventricular Systole Correct Option: (c)

During ventricular systole, intraventricular pressure rises sharply, causing immediate closure of the tricuspid and bicuspid (AV) valves
to prevent backflow into atria (generating the $S_1$ 'lubb' sound).
Q155. Symmetry of Ventricular Output Correct Option: (a)
To maintain systemic and pulmonary balance, both the right and left ventricles must pump out equal stroke volumes (~70 mL) during
each cardiac cycle.

Q156. Composition of Lymph Correct Option: (b)

Lymph is interstitial fluid containing all soluble components of blood plasma except RBCs, blood platelets, and large plasma proteins
that cannot pass through capillary walls.

Q157. Incorrect Statements Regarding Erythrocytes Correct Option: (d)

A, B, D: Correct statements.
C: Incorrect statement. In healthy adults, RBCs are produced in the red bone marrow (hepatic erythropoiesis occurs during embryonic
development). One statement is incorrect.

Q158. Prevention of Erythroblastosis Foetalis Correct Option: (c)

Administering anti-Rh antibodies (RhoGAM) to an $ ext{Rh}^-$ mother immediately after the birth of her first $ ext{Rh}^+$ child
destroys fetal $ ext{Rh}^+$ RBCs in maternal blood before her immune system can sensitize and produce anti-Rh antibodies.

Q159. Atrial Failure & Ventricular Filling Dynamics Correct Option: (a)
Assertion: True. At rest, loss of atrial contraction causes minimal impairment.
Reason: True. Approximately 70% of ventricular filling occurs passively during joint diastole (atrial diastole) before atrial contraction
occurs.
Reason correctly explains the Assertion.

Q160. Pressure Gradients in Ventricular Diastole Correct Option: (a)

Assertion: True. Ventricles receive blood from atria during diastole.
Reason: True. As ventricles relax, intraventricular pressure drops below atrial pressure, opening AV valves and driving rapid inflow
into ventricles. Reason correctly explains Assertion.

Q161. Neural and Hormonal Control of Cardiac Output Correct Option: (b)
Assertion: True. Sympathetic stimulation increases rate and force of contraction.
Reason: True. Adrenal hormones (epinephrine/norepinephrine) also independently increase cardiac output.
Both are correct facts, but the Reason describes a endocrine pathway and is not the physiological explanation for how sympathetic
neural pathways operate.

Q162. Mechanism of First Pregnancy Safety in Rh Incompatibility Correct Option: (c)

Fetal and maternal blood are normally kept separate by the placental barrier during pregnancy. Sensitization occurs during parturition
when fetal RBCs mix with maternal blood, causing anti-Rh antibody production only after delivery.

Q163. Universal Emergency Blood Transfusion Correct Option: (d)

$ ext{O Rh}^-$ ($ ext{O negative}$) blood lacks A, B, and Rh antigens on its RBCs, preventing agglutination reactions in recipients of
any blood type.

Q164. Comparison of Arterial vs Venous pH Correct Option: (a)

Arterial blood has a higher pH (~7.40) than venous blood (~7.35). Venous blood carries more $ ext{CO}_2$, which forms carbonic
acid ($ ext{H}_2 ext{CO}_3$) and dissociates into $ ext{H}^+$ ions, lowering pH.

Q165. Parent Rh Genotype Hazard for Fetus Correct Option: (b)

Erythroblastosis foetalis occurs specifically when an $ ext{Rh}^+$ man marries an $ ext{Rh}^-$ woman, resulting in an $ ext{Rh}^+$
fetus susceptible to maternal anti-Rh antibodies.
Q166. Anatomical Cause of Large Venous Lumen Correct Option: (d)
Veins possess a significantly thinner tunica media (middle smooth muscle layer) than arteries, giving them a larger, collapsible lumen.

Q167. Myogenic Heart Autorhythmicity Correct Option: (c)

The human heart is myogenic; impulse generation originates intrinsically from the Sinoatrial Node (SAN). Cutting sympathetic and
parasympathetic cardiac nerves leaves automatic, rhythmic beating intact.

Q168. Incompatibility in Same ABO Group Transfusion Correct Option: (a)

Even within identical ABO groups, transfusion causes agglutination if donor X is $ ext{Rh}^+$ and recipient Y is $ ext{Rh}^-$ with pre-
existing anti-Rh antibodies.

Q169. Autonomic Reflex Response to High BP Correct Option: (d)

Baroreceptor activation during high BP signals the medulla oblongata to stimulate cardio-inhibitory centers (slowing heart rate) and
vasodilator centers (reducing peripheral resistance).

Q170. Identification of Hepatic Blood Vessels Correct Option: (c) or (a)

Structure 'd' represents the Hepatic Portal Vein (carrying nutrient-rich blood from gut to liver) and 'f'/'e' represents the Hepatic Vein
carrying blood away from liver to inferior vena cava.

Q171. Clinical Purpose of Coronary Angiogram Correct Option: (c)

Angiography/Angioplasty is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure to locate, visualize, and crack/bypass atherosclerotic plaques
blocking coronary arteries.

Q172. Identification of Blood Smear Cells Correct Option: (c)

a: Eosinophil (bilobed nucleus).
b: Monocyte (kidney/bean-shaped nucleus).
c: Neutrophil (multilobed nucleus).
d: Lymphocyte (large round nucleus).

Q173. Basophil Features and Abundance Correct Option: (b)

Basophils make up 0.5–1.0% of total WBCs and secrete histamine, serotonin, and heparin during inflammatory reactions.

Q174. Radial Pulse & SAN Impulse Generation Correct Option: (b)
Assertion: True. Radial artery pulse reflects wave of pressure created by left ventricular ejection.
Reason: True. Heart beats originate intrinsically at the SAN.
Both are true, but arterial wall expansion (pulse wave) is directly caused by left ventricular systole pushing blood into aorta, not simply
the origination of impulses at SAN.

Q175. Accuracy of Cardiac Regulation Statements Correct Option: (d)

Adrenal medullary hormones (adrenaline and noradrenaline) increase heart rate, strength of contraction, and overall cardiac output.
(Option a is incorrect because human heart is myogenic, not neurogenic; c is incorrect because parasympathetic signals decrease
heart rate).

Q176. ABO Antigen, Antibody, and Donor Matrix Correct Option: (c)
For AB blood group: RBC Antigens = A, B (X = A,B).
For O blood group: Plasma Antibodies = anti-A, anti-B (Y = anti-A, anti-B).
AB group can receive blood from: AB, A, B, O (Z = universal recipient).
Q177. Matching Cardiac Pathologies Correct Option: (c)
Cardiac Arrest (A): Heart stops beating (iv).
Heart Failure (B): Heart not pumping blood effectively (i).
Heart Attack (C): Heart muscle is suddenly damaged due to inadequate blood supply (ii).
Angina (D): Acute chest pain (iii).
Match: A-(iv), B-(i), C-(ii), D-(iii).

Q178. False Event in Cardiac Cycle Dynamics Correct Option: (b)

During ventricular diastole, intraventricular pressure drops (falls below arterial pressure), causing the semilunar valves to snap shut
($S_2$ sound). Statement (b) claims pressure rises, which is incorrect.

Q179. ABO Transfusion Compatibility Scheme Correct Option: (b)

Blood group O is the universal donor (pumps blood to A, B, AB, and O). AB is the universal recipient (receives from A, B, O, and AB).
Diagram (b) correctly depicts O donating to A, B, AB, and AB receiving from A, B, O.

Q180. Evaluation of Anatomic Diagram Statements Correct Option: (c)

Label A: Pulmonary Artery (deoxygenated blood).
Label B: Pulmonary Vein (oxygenated blood). (Statement I is false).
Labels D & C: Tricuspid & Bicuspid valves close at start of ventricular systole (Statement II is false).
Labels E & F: Semilunar valves close at start of ventricular diastole (Statement III is false).
None of the three statements are true.

NEET Minor Test #05 Solutions • Zoology Section (Q136 - Q180)