TRlBHUVAN LINIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERTNG
i I*x!-, - +-BE I rutt nraits
T_8_q=
Examination Control Division i Prograrnme
j ece :l
p"-, [Link] i lz i

2078 Bhadra y::y rsf-it",-t-

l ---_-:i:iF__ -__} $; :i
ng (CE 704)
CandiCates are rcquired tc give their answers in their ''vords as lar as Bractjcable.
':)wn
Attentpr
-{he
A! questions.
figure-s in the margin inclicate Futt Mmks.
A-tsume suitsble data if necessary.

l. a) Ansrverthe followings:
(i) What are the top three hydropower producing counrrlr in the world
tili 2020?
(ii) what are rhe thrce existing largest pow"r plant in Nepai (with -
(iii)What are the first tll'ee hydroporaer plani (capacity and yeari"t;.i,yt,
n,,* iti* history of
Nepal?
W)
b) A peaking ROR [Link] in u'estern Nepal with net tread of'250nr has fcilowing
---- ---eriver
flowciata: {1-1
Month t12)
Jan Feb Mar Apr I\{av iut-l JUr Aus Seo Oct Not I;ec
ruYerilOw
(m31s) i00 80 80 105 200 ,s0c i 100 12AA 80c i 350 2AA i20
The storage capacity avaliable for this pioject is 1100 miliian mr. This storage
capacity is utilized for dry montirs $lov-h{ar') during rvhich the plani
is used as ,oeak
operating 4 hours a day. considering*,iesign floiv as
ioad pla:lt
eis, calculate
maxirium power generation (in \4W) and ratic of rvet ,J"=on €neigy to dry
season
energy.
2. a) The discharge of water over a spiilr,r,ay l2m rvide is 300m3/s into sriiling basin of the
same n'idth. The iake level behind the spilhvay has an eievation
of 5iim and river
watersurface elerration downstream of stiliing basin is 25i:r. Assume
a 10% energy
loss in flow dorvn ihe spillwal'. find invert level elevation of the florv
of the stilling
basin so that hydraulic jump fonns in the hasin. Select an a;propriate
USBR stiliilg
basin and list all the dimcnsions.
ll0l
b) W}at is economic diameter of penstcck'/ A steel penstock with an iniemai
diameter of
1'25m, supplies water at a head equivalent to lSkg/cm2" Ttreie is a possibility
of a
20% increase in pressure due to transiert conditians. Tlie design stress
and efficiency
of the joint mav be assumed [Link] l025kgl"*t*J aizl..p""[Link]
the
thickness of the penstock required.
L2+41
3' a) Design and draw section of a sirle intake for a project in which river hed leriel is
3315.0 masl. Weir crest level is fired to 3317.5 *uri. Th. highest
fir,cd ievei in iC0
years retumed period is 11319.55 nusl. lhe canal water level
i.s fixed as i3l?.3 masl.
Thc turbiae diseharge cf a period is i.45m3is. Assume other suitahle
data. Takc
cylindrical trashrack bar n ith r Omm thick and r ccrnm spacing.
iii i
b) Detemine the basewirlth of a ZAm high trapr:;6idal concrete dii;:.
i:;rving a ,",efticai
upstream face anel tcr; "rridth of 5n:. llesi;:n vn'ater depft is 1Bm.
T'here iri nl: .t;:i water
Ignore earthquake, siit and ice ioads. Tai:e e=876, cconcre(e-_t ][Link],
oriiuirdarion -
80MPa- r, : 6Mpa. specific weights of rvater and concrete **
i0k),i,,,, ir*jiilNj*,
respeciively. Assume suitable data, if necessary. [6]
 c) For emiral,':nrent dam on pervious fcrund;rii,ri:.
soir scepa_ge undemrathrhe cam poses
probrem. Briefly discirss r!:e consequences
:J_,::# of rhis prctrlcrn and how it is
a) Draw a ia1'[Link] (plan :nd section) of
ROR hyclru projcct for follorring cises:
r41

{ i) Aligrir,..'nt u'ith prrssure tunnel

{61
(iii,,r,itli iiee strrface flow
Name s:riient features alsr, ([Link] [Link], ieriescntative ccntours).
b) Design a
'seiii:rg iiasin (i) rt:il' [Link] (ii) continuous flushing
hydrcelectric ria"r.t b1, using i.:,.: simple far a
trr*oly) rrr.-i*rign discharge of the
plant is 5nr3,'s anc riepth oirhe leyti:ns
rr*rio is 3.20. iake w=[Link] and l"=r.5.
and,i [Link] t, the resulr. Assurne r 5yo fl [Link] compare
riiscrrarge a,rl' [Link]"y : 90%.
5. lt0l
' i"Tr*;rf*1,::i?,1f,,,,' '*"'-:et p*lirn whee! u'ith Farameters and operating
H,.-l,i : l00in t8l
Flovr,'rate : 4m3r's
i{czzle velociil, co:fflcient : r,9g
Wheeldia, = l.47rri
Ideclranical efficienci, = SSIA
l}iade speed to jet speed ratio = A.4j
.iet dia. to rvheei dia. ratio = fi.l li

(i) Calculate the wherl rotaiional speed (revrrxin).

(ii) Calculate the pcwei 6rrpur (lU!Vl.
(iii)Detcnr:ine no. of noz, r+.equired.
(iv)Caleuiate specifrc sp eed oi.m*chi;re.
b) Explain the generar arangcment i,rr
a pow*r house. How wourd you fix the
appropriate diinensions of a power liousc?
c) Discuss difi'erent {2+2}
rypes of inrakcs ,r"tli srJrage
hydel piants.
t2+2]
 TRIBHUYAN [Link] I{xarn. -.'..; ,:-:, .:. . : rReq1lafiiir:, ,. ,

E{STITUTE OF ENGINEERING Leve! BE n'ull Marks 80

Examination Control Division Programme BCE Pass Marks 3).

2076 Chaitra Year / Part ryiI Tinre 3 hrs.

{!!!_iw!.:_Lty{_qp_g.gtpn_e_+_e_el$g_r_q_E,rAl*_*
{ Candidates arc required to give their ans*'ers in their or,','n [Link] as far
I Afiempt 4J! quesiiorts.
{ The -figures in the rnargin indicste Fult fufarks.
{ Assurne suitable Cata if necessary.

1. a) The monthly florv-" of a stream over thc perioci of the ciriest

shorlr below: +i+?l
- ,-l

Mcnttr .I F I!1 1a I\,{ J J n. S o N D

Flcw
4.0 z.2s 5.0 t.25 0.5 0.7s 0.5 4"75 i "25 1.25 5.0 6.2s
(*1o5m3)

(i) Estimate the maximum possible unifonn drarv-off from this stream and deterniine
the reservoir capacily to achieve tire uniform dra*'off arrci the rlinirnun: initial
storage to maintain ttre demand.
. iii) If tlre reservoir has only a total capacity of 8*106m3 rvith an initial storage of
4r,L0om', dctemine (a) the rna,'<imum possible uniform drarv-oif and (b) the
spillage.
b) I)escribe various tlpes of hydroeleciric scherne based on h;;ciraulic characteristics. i4]
a) Dcternrine thc principal stresses at tlis toe and heei of the dam sho'*'n in figure for the
reservoir fuil conditions. Consider ihe foilowing forces: [1 0]
(i) Seif weight (w.:25kN/m3)
(ii) Water pressure f,l-1OkN/rn3)
{iii)Uplift pressure
(iv)Silt pressure the depth of silt as 20ni
(v) Earihquake forces, cxr=0.1
 b) Detern:i'e the niaxitn"rm i*,d mininum r,,efiicai
the dam wili be subjr:cted
stresses i,l which the ictrndalion of
fiom the [Link] data:
Total overiuming rroment abr:ut ioe(IMo1=j.2y
i C6 kN-sl
. Total resisring :romeut about toe (XIvfEi
= 2.5* l0u ki;"
Tctai vertical force above rhe hase
Brst r','idrii of dam = i5m-
i:vi = O" i$i i.t1
Siope cri#s face : 0.8:1
Also calculaie the n:axitnum princii;ai
stress at the toe. Neglect tail *,ater
rleptir. lz42+zJ
3' a) \\rliat are the niairt parts of non-pressurizeci anri pressurized
ROF- intake? preseut the
arrrrrrgement of sucir inta-kes ie
-rer.:erar a neat proporiionate skc,tches.
b'i Find o*i the dimension of a setting i:asin witn 12+61
iurbulence fia-r.v for a high hydropor,r,er
plant' i'r'hich utiiizes a dischargesii
oir *%;;.'n ;r-il**, particies coarser
0.2rnin (fari verccity w;1.5 .,i/...7 ihan
have ,u rr"'r;;;;;flie b*sin. Draw
section showing pran and
rnajor compcnents and tlushing qrr('tt5Lrrls,t, neat
^-""'""'b arrz)ngernent,
prononionatelv. Ilcal anci

4' In a pumped -
stomge hyriropower prqect, rvater is
cielivered from the upper irnpoundiirg
[4=4.,
;csen'oir through a low-pressure tucnei
four high;;;;;re penstoctrrs to the four
pump-rurbine .and
units. The eie'ation of the impounding
the ele'ation of the clolrnstream reservoir
;;r;;;;;
v_,arer revel is 500m, :.nd
[Link] le',.,el is 200m. The rraximunr
slorage can be utilized continuously for a periocl
[Link]*,oir
"r'hich *r+ur ir'r sr."1ffi"'"""'"r?lr* :+?+Z)
tunnei is consrrucred as foiion's; Iength
l;;"'r:;:ffi;sure - 4k;n; diameter=Bm; friction

1'hs high pressure penstocks (4 nos)

are constructed as fullows:
lengtir cf each pensiock = 50dm;
,r'l .moto- - alii,
l^.
lrictioir fa,ctcr. f :0.016:
[Link] elfrciencr., rvhen gcueiating
90%; :
gcneretcr eiiciencl, (16 poles, 50I{z) gC%;
=
turbin-: elfrcrency .,rhen pumpi,rg= iAo/r;
baror::etnc pressure: 10.3m of ivater;
f itoma's cavitation coefficienr, o 0.043 : OIr/-I 00)2.
a) Deternine the maxirnum power output
frorn tire installation
b) Esrinrare rhe specific speei and,p..ify
the type of tirrbilre
c) Determine the [Link] setting relative
tothe dorqrstream reserr.,oir waier le'el.
i]) Iia simpie surge charnber 6m iridiameter is provideci
at tiie"end of t1e lou,.pressure
tunnel. estirnale:
,', upsurge and dounsurge in rhe surge
chamber for suriden rejeciion
:}r"nffi;u1x
(ii) the maximum cioualsurge for a sudden
demand of one unit.
). a) write do"[Link] acivantages anri suitability of
chutc type spillway, shait spiir*ay, ogee
rlpe spilirval,and roller gate.
{2+2+2+2}
b) \1ihi' is verrical .lrift,*Tulsement preferred
wtilc ral,ing
pcr=erhouse? Expiain briefly.
rsrv'rv o,u
--r---r turbine and geirerator ln a
SLriuriltui in
c) Staie ihe [Link],es ofthe current I{ydroporver
t1]
Dcvelppmgnt policy of Nepal. I)iscuss
rhe rrer:ersa$ amendrnent required io
inipi-ove trr* scenario ur
DLlrrarru *rlrirg
of the
tt1(
H:'drcpor.v,;r Deveiopmeirt sectoi.
e+21
***
I'
TRIBHWAI,IUNIVERSTTY Exam. .;.:,., Back
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marks 80
Examination Control Division Programrne BCE PassMarks 32
2076 Ashrvin Ycar /Part ry/r Time 3 hrs.

r' candidates are required to give tlreir answers in their o*o *6a, as far as
{ AnemptAll questiow. i

/ Assyme suitable dua if necessary.

;
1.4 During a low water week a river has an average daily flow of 40 m3ls iilm-;
!rytu1lio1 during the-day- required a pondage capacrty oi approxim ately 30vo of the
daily discharge. A hydroelectric plant is to be located tn tfre river which will
operate
6 days a week, 24 hours a day, but wiil supply power at a varying rate
such that the
daily load factor is 50%on correspolding to wtri"t the pondage requirec is
equal to
0.2 times the mean flow to the turbine. On Saturday all ihe nolw ponded
is for use on
t"*t
lh3 |f-fu duYt. If the effective head on the tubines when the pond is full is to be
25 m and the maximum allowable of fluctuation in pond level is lm,
find
() trre surface area of the pond to satisfy ail the operating conditions
(ii) the weekly output at the switch board in kwh.-Assum-e turbine
efficiency g0% and
gcnerator efficiency 90%
[5+5]
b) Expfain the working principle of RoR, pRoR and sT plants with
the help of figures.
Also commcnt on the suitability ofthose plants in the context of Nepal. 16]
2. a) An eartiren dam of homogeneous materials with a drain pipe is shown in
figure.
Determine the co-ordinate of phreatic line and specific discharge passing
body of dam. coefficient of permeability = 1, ipn m/s.
--e Arougf,
----v- '---
tne
" t6I

l* tom _*l
b) Explain the neeessity of grouting anrl drainage galleries in conqete gravity
dam.
Draw an elevation view of a concrete gravity dam showing the
alignment of drainage
galleries and series ofgrout holes.
Drawing a section-of concrete gravity dam show arrangement
of vertical formed
drain, trap drain and drainage hole. L2+4+41
3' a) Design a settling basin for a high head project in a river which utilizes 60 m3/s
' discharge and gross head of 300 m. The sediment particles
.
larger than 0.15 mm (fall
 [Link] = 1-5 cm/s) need to be trap in the basin. Consider effect ofturbulence
as well.
AIso drawplan and section of the basin showing major componeats. [g+4]
b) Explain various remedial measures that help to control the deposition of sediments
in
RoRproject.
t4I
4. a) A penstock carries'8 m3/s of water at head of 25m. The cast efgipe line in place is
given by us$2J0hd2 per meter_length, wfrere h = head
fi a= ffi"t.i oi-tfftipr.
Annual fixed charges are 8% of the pipe line cost. The gstimated tread loss in frittion
.
is
0.02502
m length of the pipe. Efficiency of the turbine is S31o and selling price
ffiner
of the power is US$500 per kW per annum. Calculate the most w*omic diameter of
the perstock
tgl
b) It is proposed tl foy a hydraulic jump in a stilling basin to dissipate the energy
below- s-pillway. Dgnth of flow changes from I .5m to 4m. Calculaterhe aimrr*j"
or"t
ttre spillway ifthe length ofthe crest is I20m.
t3l
c) Mention the forS different types of spillway and describe each of&em in short. AIso

5. a) What are the opportunities and challenges for Hydropower de@pment in Nepal?
write your comments on the Hy&opower Developmeni policy
-s0i of Nepal. Vnl
b) A Francis turbine works under a head of 25m and produces l lT6S fu\M while running
at 120 rpm. The turbine has been installed at a staiion where atmryheric pr.r.*,
10 m of water and_vapour pressure is 0.20 m of water. Calc,ulatefum*i*u*
i,
height
ofthe straight draft tube for the turbine.
16I
c) Draw a section of vertical a:<is Francis turbine in a powerho.'w ahowing different
parts ofpowerhouse.
14l
!t{<*
 ,/\
TRIBHWAN UNIVERSITY Exam. '. ' Reeular/Back'
INST]TUTE OF ENGIN EERING Level BE FulI Marks 80
Examin ation Control Division Programme BCE Pass Marks 32
2075 Chaitra Year / Part TV/I Time 3 hrs-

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as
Attempt All questions.
The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks.
Assume suitable data if necessary-

1. a) A run-of-river hydroelectric porver station is proposed across a river at a site where a

net head of 30m is available on the turbine. The river carries a sustained minimum
florv of 25 m3ls in dry rveather and behind the power station sufficient pondage is
provided to supply daily peak load of demand with a load factor of 65%. Assuming
the plant efficiency of 60Ya, determine the maximum [Link] capacity of the
generator to be installed at the power house. If the daily loai pattem indicates 20
hours average load and 4 hrs of peak load, determine the volume of pondage to be
provided to supply the daily demand.
[4+4]
b) You are developing 300 Mw reservoir type project in a river basin of Nepal. Briefly
mention what steps you would follow frcm planning to cornmissioning of the project-
t5l
c) what do you mean by pumped storage power plant? Hou,, it can benefit the Nepal,s
po\ .er sector? t3]
7. a) Deiive the equations for principal stress and shear stress at toe and heel of a gravity
dam with taii rvater present and also considering hydrodynamic pressure produced by
an earthquake. tgl
b) Drarving section of concrete gravity dam sholv arrangements of vertical formed drain,
trap drain and drainage hole. What are the general criteria for size, depth and pattern
of grout holes for certain grouting in gravity dam founrlation.
[Z+Z)
c) Find the seepage discharge tluough the homogenous earlhen embankment dam with
3m rvidth of central impervious core as shorvn in figure- Given:
(i) Height of the dam :45m with free boarC as 3m,
(ii) Upstream v,,ater level :42m, top rvidth of the dam : gm,
(iii)U/S and D/S side slope of the dam = lV:3H
(iv)coefficient or perrneabilit-v of the dam material : 4 x 10-6 m/s and that of
impervious core:5 xl0-8 m/s.
t4l
a

I ,=,ro* I I sr] i

r-l,-
1r* v tTl$fr
I
I I
I I
I l
I I
, t

, - -.
'tu I -\r-3u I xa I

l*
lr'!l
|[ h--+ L-.-.--.----'-.__- - t
1,.\rq_l !

fig: IarrLeo Dau rr lih irnpenious f_'cre

 )

river
3. a) Find the dimensions of the settling basin for a high head project of Himalayan
of 30 m3/s and a gross head of 100m. The sediment size to be
which carry adischarge
removed is up to 0.20mm and fall velocity ro = 2 cm/sec'
If the turbulence is considered, what will be the dimension of the basin? check" the
lengfi of settling basin using Velikanov's method given correction factor l-
: 1.5- t8]

b) What clo you mean by intake? Write down its functions' U+2]

c) Determine the necessary length of a rack of a bottom intake with the intercepted
flow
of g m3/s and width oi the-rack is 10m. lnclination of the rack is 30". Thickness,
spacing and contraction factor of the bars are 10 mm, 15 mm and 0.82; respectively' t5]
the
4. a) What are the functions of a Surge tank? Write down the formulas to,calcul-a1e
*[Link] upsurge and down surge, time of oscillation and minimum area of Surge
tank with usual notations. t6l
:
b) Estimate the minimum length of the concrete apron (So 0.001) for stilling basin
downstream from an overflow spillway. The spillway crest is i5m long and consider a
discharge of 115 m3is. Manning's roughness factor n = 0.025. Assume the stilling
basin ii the same width as tha spillway crest. Assume any other suitable data if
necessary. Refer figure below. [10]
.t-

Froude nurnbdr
5. a) A Peliol turbine has to be designed for the following data. Power developed = 6867
KW. net head - 350m, Overali efficiency : 80%, Speed : 550 rpm, coefficient of
velocity 0(r) : 0.98 and speed ratio (Ku) : 0.46. Ratio of jet dia to [Link] dia

I lL i=i:12. F-ind discharge, number o{'jets, dianeler ofjet and diarneter of u'heel. t6]
\D)
b) Name the major insiitutions involved in hy'dropower developmcnt sector in Nepal.
Briefly outiine the h1'diopcu'er dn'eiopment poiic,v of i\epal. 14)

c) In a h,vdroporver project thc available river discirarge is 300 m3/s ancl the ltct hcad is
iC 6t. Ij't1te s1:cr:rl ot-ihe i,-ri'bine is to bc 166.? rpni and ihe overall efficisrlcv is 88')'i,,
de.,[Link]:tc rhe nrrnLrer rr{'[Link]-Ls [Link] for thc ttlrbinc clses given belos'. [j+3j
(i) Francls tL:ii.'iil.s r','[Link] s;lgcilic :;i,'eed not exce cCing 267 rpm.
{iitKr;.a:r i',t:ai;:';:: u'i"1t s;-'ccliiic spcccl llot ex:ceii:ll (:5[t rl:nl.
a.

l
l
I
E
t
''t
TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
I}ISTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Exarnination Control Division
2075 Ashrvin

s"W"-t::uv!:PPYYYEYEY-e:YYs!c-A!-
practicable.
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as
Attempt All questions.
Thefigures in the margin indicate FuU Marks'
Assume su:itable data if necessary.

Write
1. What are the opportunities and challenges for Hydropower development in Nepal?
your comrnents on the Hydropower Development Policy-2001 of Nepal. 14+21

Sketch and explain layouts of the run of river plant. Also explain the importance
of
storage hydropower plants cver run of river plant. [3+3]

3. a) RoR plant has a minimum flow of 30 m3ls and net head of 70 m. The overall
' Aefficiency' of plant is 85%. Calculate the installed capacity of the plant (i) Without
porrdageldesigned for pure RoR plant) and (ii) If the plant is designed for a
peaking
two set of unit such that one unit tull
irf*t iliti, 6 iours peaking. The plant has of
iapacrty ifoperating during offpeak hour. Total evaporation and other losses is 5%
the stored water. t6l

b)' Monthly flow volumes feeding a reservoir are given in the table. Determine the
storage capacity required to suppty the mean annual flow' t4]

Month
I
I 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 9 10 u 12

Volume i10"m') 296 386 504 714 810 lls4 746 I 158 348 150 223 182

4. a) Write about the "Middle third rule" in the design of concrete gravity dam? Describe
with necessary derivation. t6l

b) A concrete gravity dam of given profile is purposed b{ 1t:igtst for implementation.

The unit shear resistan"" uia anlte of resistanc.e is SbO KMm2 and 35o respectively.
y*" =24KN/m3, check the stability of dam against flotation, overturning and
sliding. . l8l

{- zam 1
5. a) Design a settling basin for a high head project in a river which utilizes 60 m3/s
discharge and gross head of 300 m. The sediment particle largertlran 0.15 mm (fall
velocity = 1.5 cm/s) need to be trap irr the basin. Consider effect ofturtulence as well. l7l
b) Design a hydraulic jump stilling basin for the flcod discharge 28 m3/s/m flowing from
an ogee spillway with the spillway crest 55 m above the downstrem gravel river bed
with a slope l:1000 and Manning's roughness coefficient 0.028- Assrxne coefficients
of discharge, depth and length arc A.75,1.2 and 4.5 respectively. Also assume [Link] of
sediment as2.65. [10]
6_ Describe with goveming equations the procedure to obtain the specif* diwharge through
the body of earthen dam with horizontal drain. t6l
7. a) Find out the dimension of a forebay which accommodates a stor€e for 3 minutes of
operation for a hydropower plant having following data: t3l
Design discharge = 20 m3/s
Length ofpenstock = 300 m
Diameter of penstock :2.24 m
b) Discuss the various factors which govem the determination ofmomicdiameter of a
penstock. Find the wall thickness of penstock pipe if the intmd dirneter is 3,0 m
which supplies water from a head of 220 m with a possibility of *wse in pressure
upto 40Yo due to transit condition. Take c,t =1400kg/cm3 d efficiency of
joint:0.95. i 12+31

8. Determine the diameter of Francis turbine for a site where the nct &eari is 110 m and
discharge 140 m3/sec having efficiency of 90o/a. Determine also th e.le6isn of turbine
with reference to the water surface in tailrace. Assume the turbineqdil hmre to drive a 50
cycle generator. t8l
9. Explain the different types of porver house use in hydropower prci€cL t5l
!t r$+
 TRIBHUVAN LINIVERSTI"T
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division
2A74 Ashrvin

Sylbi_e91;_fydropo*ye1E1gi!:9y1ng,(cE'za+)
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable'
Attempt AII questions.
Thefigures in the margin indicate FuIl Marks.
Assume suitable data if necessary.

1. Discuss about the Hydropower Development Policy 2058 of Nepal' [6]

2. What are the various stages of hydropower planning? If you have been appointed as a
water resources engineer in Water Resources Ministry and you are assigned to undertake
various investigations related to water resources field. Discuss field investigations you
carry out at various stages ofthe Hydropower project. [2+6]
3. The hydrograph of a typical river of Nepal follows the equation as:

et =5.589t2 -51.275t+139.94; where Ql is mean rnonthly discharge in rnr/s and't'is

time in months counted as October as the I't month and so on. A hydropower plant has to
develop in this river with net head of 150m and overall efficiency as 85% and the
environmental flow is not considered. [3+3+4]

a) Calgulate the installed capacity and firm enelgy for RoR Project that will be
developed for design discharge as Qao.

b) If the project has to design as a Peaking Run of the river (PRoR) Project for 6 hrs
daily peaking (3hrs in morning and 3hrs in evening) and with design discharge tr Q+0.
What is the installed capacity of the PRoR Project? Assume that the project is
designed such a way that 50% ofavaitable flow is used during the offpeak hours and
remaining 50% of available flow is stored for peak hour generation. Neglect all the
losses.
A
a) Check the stability of the overflo',,t, section of the gravity dam shown in figure'
Assume the weight of concrete, gates, piers and weight of water over crest, Wroral
:
3.0x1041:1.1. Moment of weight of concrete, gates, piers and water above crest etc.
about toe Mto. : 106 kN-m. Neglect all forces other than weight, uplift pressure and
water pressure. Also check for tension. Take p = 0.75 and q: 1400 kN/m'. [10]

RL 160.0m -*

RL 140.0m

I
lw
nv
:
RL l00.0m
:i9m,. az- tl
'.*
b) Design a hydraulic jurnp stilling basin for the maximum discharge of 25m3s-rm-r
flowing from an overall spillway, with the spillway crest 50m above the downstream
gravel river bed with a slope So : 0.001 and n : 0.02g.
t6I
c) What are the purposes of spillway? What are the advantages of ogee shape spillway?
Explain
12+21
5 a) With considering turbulent effect, design a settting basin to remove the sediment size
greater than 0.3 mm diameter. Assume design discharge of the basin is 8m3/s
and trap
efificiency as90Yo.
t8l
b) Differentiate between pressurized and non-pressurized intakes.
14l
6, a) A hydropower plant has planned to use a steel penstock pipe of length 600m having a
diameter of 0.8m to carry a discharge of 5m3/s. The static head available is 80m. The
wave. velocjtl, stress and joint effrciency for the penstock pipe are l200mls,
{e_siSn
1326kglcm' and 85% respectively. what thickness of the penstock pipe would you
recomrnend for the power plant if the gate closure time is 30 seconds?
t8l
b) Discuss various shape of tunnel with their advantages.
t4l
7. a) A hydropower plant has design discharge of 60 m3/s and net head of 90m. Design
Francis turbine for this power plant (number of turbine, specific speed, diameter
aid
setting ofturbine). Take turbine efficiency 94o/o.
{61
b) What are the functions of draft tube?
t2l
Write about the structure and dimensioning of the power house?
[2+2]
'.* 04 TRIBHWAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division
2073 Shrawan

P v (e
-g"i. :-liv-4:qpgv-"-t .Plerrygllg !l-a
4)

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Anempt 4ll questions.
The figtres in the margin indicate Fall lfiarks.
Assume suitable data dnecessary.

1
l. Describe briefly the provision for licencing of Hydropower according to Hydropower
Development Policy Nepal, 2058. t6l
2. Lists out the minimurn Checklist for Reconnaissance, prefeasibility and feasibility studies
for hydropower development. t7l
The power supplied by the state electricity authority throughout the year by steam power
piant are as shown in table below. [5+5]

But &e flffient demand forsed them to have loadshedding. To minimize the toadshedding by
providing at least power equivalent to Magh month through6r$ the year, Afihority has decid€d to
inport power from neighbouring counfy for on$ 3 montbs i.e. Falgun, Chaita ad Baisakh as 50
MW, 55 MW and 100lvfW respectively.
a) Despite importing pow€r, authority f€lt frat they caa not pmvide uaiform power of lv{a&
tbrougLor*. So they decide CI have a diesel plant for deficit. Estimate the minimurn @acity
of diesel plmt. (Use load duratioa cuwe for analysis)
b) If inst€ad of above systsm (Stearn plant +importdiesel plan$, Auftority has planned to
provide the power in near future by constnrcting ROR hydropower plant by ils oqm to
substitute the current model. Derive the Flow dr:rdion curve for such new hydro project to
supply the power demand given in Able. Aszume power demand is constant in future.
 4. a) Check the stability of dam against overtuming, sliding and material failure (stresses)
r.* with respect to worst location assuming that [Link] to selfweidfi"zs% of mass of
dam will act as horizontal compenent (from upstrearrl side), whereas l5Yo as upward
vertical component as seismic load and will act at the CG of the section.
Assume unit weight of the concrete as24 kN/m3, Assume unit weight of the concrete
as 24 kN/m3, allowabie compressive stress in foundation and concrete as 2,500 kNim'
and 3,000 kN m2, angle of friction between concrete and foundation as 36o and unit
shear resistance between foundation and dam as 700 kN/m'?.' t4+4+2]
150.0
6.0
t<+

b) Write with neat sketch, expressions for computing seepage and phreatic surface in _

Earthen dams for two cases; homogeneous and v*"ithout drain and dam with toe drain. I2+3J

c) Draw a neat sketch of side intake with all components. How do you calculate
hydraulic loss at trash rack? [3+2]
5. a) What dg you mean by sediment flushing in settling basin? Briefly explain the
different type of flushing system used in hydropower in Nepal. [2+4]
b) turbulent effect, desigrr a settling basin to remove the sediment
With considering-O.f size
greater tfran mm diameter. Assume design discharge of the basin is I m3/s and
trap efficiencY as 9070. t6l
6. a) Derive an expression for minimum upsurge without damping effect in the surge
chamber using continuity and momentum equations' [3+7]
.fn s sforage plan! water is delivered &om r4per imlounding reservoir$rough low
pressure h&drace trirnet ana three high pressure penstocks to three francis urrbine [Link] elevation
of toe"roi. and tailwats level me 320 m and 200 m above datum respectively. It is decided to design
a simple sgrge tank between headrace tmnel and p€n$tod$ for sudden rejectign or leryq{ of two
[Link] the maximum and rrinimum water lwel elevation in the surge tank is limit€d to 330 m and
310 m above datgm respectivety due to topography and constnrction difficulty' determine the
minimum aea of surge tank and permissible length of low pfessure headmce tmnel io fuIfiIl the
design objective.
Given datar
Discharge intunnel: 100 msls
Head ra& tunnel rtiameter-? m and head loss in tunael= 10 7o of gross head Of systenn.
Pefftocks: each length 500 m, ditrneter 2.5 4
f = 0.016

b) Write procedwe to compute the dimensions of the forebay and wite the equations
used for such purpose. I3l
7. Drawing efficiency curves, discuss the perforrnance characteristics ofPelton and Francis
Turbines. What is thq advantage of pelton turbine over Francis? Write down the principle
behind setting of Francis turbine relative to the tail water level. [2+2+2+2)

8. Draw plan and sections of a powerhouse showing various components. Assume a Francis
Trubine is used in this powerhouse to generate the electricity cf l0 MW. t4l
 03 TRIBHUVAN TJNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING j Level : BE
-.*j-'---' -'*'-"*i I
Full Marks i 80
Examination Control Division i-Pig-ql-1Tg-"- -B-9!- - -.l"':Ig"S J?
2072 Chaitrn LY-"eri!gt-.=Ull - -.TS--
i-].!t"

Suhject: - Hydropower Engineering (C8704)

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Attempt All questions.
r' Thefigures in the margin indicate FulI Marks.
Assume suitsble data if necessary.

l. Discuss about the objectives and strategies of the Hydropower Development Policy-2041
(2058 BS) of Nepal. l6l
2. Highlight the major studies and investigations carried out during reconnaissance,
prefeasibility and feasibility studies. i8l
3. A hydropower plant is to be planned in a Nepalese river, where the mean monlhly flows
for a typical year are as follows:

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aus Sep Oct Nov Dec
Q( m'/s) 4.4 3.9 3.4 4.2 5.6 16.5 78.1 108.9 52.8 22.4 9.9 6.4

Other data pertaining to the plant are as follows:

. Design Discharge = 18 m'/s
. Full Supply l-evel = 2250 masl
. Turbine Center line = 1650 masl
. Dia of 4.0 km longtunnel : 3.0 m,/=0.014
. Dia of 1.0 krn longpenstock = 2.2m,f :0.412
. Hydraulic Efficiency,95%; turbine effrciency, 93%; Generator Efiiciency; Transformer
efficiency,99r'o
Considering bniy Frictional loss,
'
4' Computc.,installEd capacity, primary and secondary enerry to be produ0ed from the power
. plant assuming that 10% minimum flow to be reieased downstream. What is plant factor [5+2] ?
b) The developer is interested to develop a daily peaking reservoir for 4 hours. What will be
the capacity of the reservoir to satisf daily peaking requirement?' ' t3l

4. a) A concrete gravity dam shown in figure beiow was constructed for deveioprnent of
hydropower project. The dam has a vefiical upstream and inclined downstream face.
The highest regulated water level (HRWL) of the dam is fixed at I m below the top
crest level. At HRWL, the storage capacity of resen'oir created by the dam is 60 mill
m3. The reservoir capacity curve of the dam is shown in figure below. In a flood.
situation the 80 m k:ng dam creat can serve as a spiliway to discharge the flood.
Assume density of concrete Tc: 24 KN/m' and the &iction angle between the dam
and [Link]". [3+5+3+5]
 7fr
735
73{l
s 725
72q
€
3 715
E [Link]
t{5
:uric
6i5
0 20 .40 6{} .80 r00 120
VotrichMi$nit

a) Find all main forces acting on the dam when the water level in'the reservoir
is at HRWL. Give your
answer in terrrs of base $'idth "Bu.
b) Find the bottom ui'dth nB" and downstreaur inclined angle c,, if dam is at state of moment
equilibrium with respect to doumsream dan toe. Use a factoiof safety
against ouoto*iog as 1.4.
c) is the dam free from tensile stress? Find the required unit shear resistance (cohesion)
if the strear
saf€ty factor of the dam is Fsr:2.5.
d)
F u flood eve4!"$.[Link].S.o,[Link]-figure o,vqft,o.t+cd bstdidnt,[Link]:rr discharge-over rhe
dam sest was estimated to 320 m3ls. During tnii tini, the reservoir
*"to iarJ *u, oir.a 722.s 6
masl(m above sea lwel). Find the discharge coefficie,nt and gve your
comme,nts ofthevalue..
b) Drawing a nea! sketch of Hydropower Intake, show major components. How
do you
minimize headloss in intake?
[3+l]
5' Draw a neat sketch of ROR plant Headworks showing each component clearly
in plan
and section. Describe the general requirementJ cf such headworks for opimum
lriefly
functions for sediment loaded rivers.
- -{ ---
16+6]
6. a) Discuss various tururelling methods used in Hydropower projects. why do you
provide tunnel supports? How are they realized?
[4+2+2]
b) Explain with mathematical expression the optimization of penstock. I4l
7) AFrancisunbineworksunderaheadof 40manddischargee= 10m%.
tneqpdoftherunner
is 300 rpm- Ar the inlst tip of the ru$ler vrrne, th9
Wee<l riioi
K{.Ss anO n6w ratio E.+.:.
&e overall eFcitacy and nyatuutic efficiency of turbine ae 80d ffin g}%[Link] lt
discr*iige efiie iititld il iEdiirt ririd veli#if -- ii citiisriiiit
'----r ttfftii,v
Detssire: ' [2+2+l+2+l+4]
a)pW:&veioped inKW.
b) n*'re*erand width ofrunner at inl€t
cl vane angle at inlet.
dlgrsific speed of turbine.
$j?iiemeter of runner at outlet.
suitably the powerhouse (lengtll breadth and heiehr) with sketc\
$i*Y
t#p"'q{[Link]€[Link]-e suitably 4ny,roqqirementslor calculations. '
if tlree such hrbifes
 t- .'

03 TRIBHWAT{UNTYERSITY Exam. Ngv llacli (2(166 & Latcr lSltch)

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING LeVeI BE FuIl Marks ir0

Examination Control Division Programme BCE PassMarks 32

2072 Kartik Year/ Part ry/I Time 3 hrs.

Subiect: - Hydropower Engineering (C8704)

r' Candidates are required to grve their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
{ Auempt4lquestiotu.
{ The figwes in the mwgin indtcate Full Mdrks.
{ ,Lssume suttable data ifiecessary.

:'
1. Discuss about the advantages and disadvantages of hydropower projects comparing to
other sornces of energies t6I
2 What are the different stages of hydropower development? Explain the working principle
of peaking run offriver plant and show general arrangements of components with neat
sketches. [2+3+3J
3. a) What do you mean by sediment yield and life of a reservoir? Explain various remedial
measures that help to reduce the reservoir sedimentation [1+3J
b) A hydropower plant receives desigrr discharge of 25 m3/s from l'50 m height. The
annual output of the plant is 220 GWh. If he peak load demand is 30 MW, det€rnine
(i) annuat load factor (ii) Capacity factor and (iii) Utiliz4ion factor. Assme overall
efficiency of the plant equals to 85% and neglect headloss in the penstock. 12+2+21
4. a) Following Figure shows the cross-section of an earthen darn having coefficient of
' permeaUitity I * t 0{ nr/s. Calculate the seepage discharge throug} ttre toay of tbe dam
with the help ofphreatic line. t8I
*le, L

, r.o*l
|l.--170rq-:J
b) Write the purpose of use of filter material in earthen darn. Explain its design principle. I4I
c) What are the factors to be considered in the dam site evaluation? Describe the
different failure modes of a gravity dam? [4+4]
5. a) Find the dimensions of a settling ^basin for a high head project of Himalayan River
which utilizes a discharge of 60 mrls and a gross head of 100m. The sediment size to
be removed is up to 0.15 mm. Consider the turbulence effect also. Draw the plan and
section. )
ls+21
b) What are the requirements of good intake? Explain different types of intake used in
hydropower projects in Nepal with neat sketches. 12+31
 I

6, a) Describe advantages and disadvantages of different tunnel shapes based on geometry

with neat sketches. t4l
b) In a hydropower projecl the headrace tunnel of 4.5 m diameter and 2,500 m length
carries 25 nf ls discharges to the surge ank of t0 m diamef,er. The pefistock from
surge tank to lrcwer house has 3.5 m diameter and 1000 m length. Considering the t
I

case of instantaneous closure, find the ma:<imurr height of surge tank required and
time period of oscillation of wave. Assume friction factor = 0.02. t8I
7. a) Determine the size and setting height of the Francis turbine for a site having net head
of lS0m,dischargeis l60m'/sandefiiciencyof85%. t4l I

b) Water is being supplied to a pelton wheel under a head of 300 t through d 100 mm
diameter pipes. If the quantity of water supplied to the wheel ii 1.50 m3/s, find the
oi5ets in the wlreel. Assume coeffiJiint of velocity is 0.96. t4I
8. What are the different types of power houses used in hydropower? Explain their relative
suitabihty considering the field conditions. t4l I

+*+
I
I

i
:
i

I
 03 TRIBHWA].| LINwERSITY ' 1::.\i
Exam. llcgulltr
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING LcveI BE f,'u[Martrs 8o
Examination Control Division Pnogramme BCE Pass lfiarks 32
207l Chaitra Yerr/Part ry/I Time 3 hrs.

r' Candidates are required to give their answers in their ovvn worrds as far as practicable.
r' Animpt All questiotts-
{ Thteigwes i4the marginindicate Fatl Marlrs.
{ Asiie suttable datalf necessty.--

1r Discuss the advantages and disadvahtages of hydropower over other sorrces of energy. [3+3J
2., Diffenentiate bet\ileen pre-feasibility and feasibility studies of a hydropower project with
explainingthe sile specifichydrological andtopographical investigations. t8I
3. a) A hydropower project is planried to develop in a Nepatese River having net head of
{ 150 rn, turbine efficiency of 90% and generator efficiency of 95o/o with the monthly
hydrrograph as shown below: L3+2+31

Months Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jtm Jul Aug sep
Q (m%ec) 100 80 60 50 40 30 40 50 70 Ir0 150 120
8n flow, aminirmrrr flow lV/o cach
.. :... :;
If thestorage Foject is designd with full regulation of aimual hydroerryh
. find out the cEiacity of the ressrvoii; installed capacity of the power plint, anO
annual energy generation.

4. a) Desigt,an elernentary profile of a gra"vitydarn made of,stone masonry usiag following

r dam: t8I
RL of base of dam: 198 m
IIFL =228m
Sp. gravity of masonry = f.{
Safe compressive stefs in masonry = l20o ICrUmz
tan 0 = 0'70
Seepage coefficient: I
1b) Show with neet sketoh, various seepage contnol measures in embankment dam. t61

't , c) Discuss with sketch the anangement and suitability of 3 different tlpes of spillways
used in a headwo,rks. 12*31'
5. g) Ditr€rentiate between pressurized and non-preisr:rized intakes in RoR system. t3l
t-
,#E**ign the settling basin from the particle size and conccntration approach and t8l
calculate the trap efTiciency from the following data. (Refer figure 3 &4)
Design discharye = 80 m3A Number of basin=2 .

Instalted capacityoftheplant= ll0IvIS/' Waertemp€rature= l2oC

Particle size to be renioved= 0.2 mm Manning's constant (n) = 0.0t
Flushirg disdraige : I mrA (If flushing system is continuous)
.1.:,. Assume other nooessary data if needed. lf the flushing syst€m is changed to intermittent with
':i: :.' single basin what iirc the changes, describe with suitabte rcascin.

?
qc) What are minimurn perfonnanee standards of the sound headworks,
 6. a) Design a forebay using fotlowing data sets: i4I
r Q=15m'/s
Siorage require,mens 4 minutes :
I"ength ofpenstock = 500 m
Diameter of penstock 2 m :
b)- Discuss various hrnneling methods used in Hydropourcr projects. What is the prpose
I ofshotcreting?Discusstheprocedure. [4+2+2J

7. Desigp a pelton wheel trnbine for a hydropower plant having net head of 310 m and
r discharge if Sn3lr. Take the efficiency of the turbine as 90Yo. What will be the specific
speed oisuch trrbine? [7+U
S. Describe with sketch difrerent types of power house and their general arfiurgemetrt. t4]

,i'o
0.9

.0.8

.q.?

06
I
.E
co
o ?:1
E
TU [Link]

03
0.2
l!:-&t
o.l o

2 34 6E 2 34 68 ? 3168
utl 0.1 t.0 t0
-----* n:CrSngtuOrlenoe {
Figure 3: CampsDiagmm

---* Ar
I

't lilt II ,

I :
:. . .t : .Rr
F. I
Eu
Er.
'!'.t"
.'o
$r
+ttl--
Iill
It il
I
t.

7
r t.
i

En, lilt
.B
OB I
,ail illt -
|lr
w*- ilt

' oot
d .UI
hrOll-
Ht] Titr7
&t
!1
I
I lfl I

VebcttY, crn/s
,. :, r

ffuurc +: Fall velocity ofquam spheru in water and air after Rouse

il
I
I
I
 04 TRIBHUVAN I,JMVERSITY Exam.
INSTITI.'TE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marks 80

Examination Control Division Programme BCE PassPIarks 32

2070 Crlraitra Year I Part IV/I Time 3 hrs.

Sabject: - Hydropower Engineering (C8704)

/ Candidates are required to give their anlwers in their own words as far as practicable.
/ [Link].
r' Thefigres in the margin indicate Fult Marks.
{ Necessaw fipures are attached herewith.
/ Assume suitable data if necessary.

l. a) "Most of the potitical parties of Nepal are determined to avoid Load Sheding during 5
years in their menufesto" Do you agree with their commitment during this period?
What approach need to be taken for hydropower development in Nepal to meet the
dernandrate up to2020. [2+3]
b) Explain site sprcific hydrological, geological and topographical investigations to be
carried out during the pre feasibility study level of a hydropower project. t5I
2. Hydropower project is planned to develop in a river having net head of 100 m and overall
of 85o/o with the as shown

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aus Sep Oot Nov Dec
Discharge 100 120 140 300 320 1800 2000 2500 2100 900 500 300

D Calculate installed capacify, annual spill energy and firm energy if RoR project is
desigrred based on the 40% probability of exceedence flow. [2+2+21
ii) If the storage project is developed with full regulation of annual hydrograph (design
discharge is equal to average monthly flowi, Calculate the storage requirements. tZ)
iii) Calculate the installed capacity and ennual energy generation from the storage project
as mentioned in abov'e case. [2+21

3. a) Show that the resultant force in a concrete gravity dam should pass within the middle
third of the base width in order to avoid tension in the heel. t6]
hydraulic jump stilling basin at the toe of the spillway with the following
' b) Design.a
datq t9l
Discharge = 80 m3/s
Width of the spillway = 8m
Spillway crest level = 96.00m
River bed level :65.00m
Tril water level: ?1.00 m
Coefficient of discharge = 0-7
Downstream bed slope (i):l:500 and Manning's roughness coefficient = 0.016 and
ratio oflength ofstilling basin and sequent depth = 5. I
c) Explain very briefly three types of gates and its working mechanism with sketches
widely practiced in hydropower projects in Nepal. ll+31
d) Determine the seepage discharge for the earthen dam having 33 m total height w'ith
3m width imperviouscentral core. Take top width of the dam is 7m and freeboard 3m.
The coefficient of permeability of dam material is .txlO{ n/sec and that of
impervious corc is 4xl0-8 m/sec. The upstream and doumstream slope of the dam is
3:1 and 2.5:l respectively. tsl
4. a) Find but the dimension of a continuous flushing settling basin for a high head project
in Himalay-an River which utilizes a discharge of 60 m3/s and head of 300 m the
sediment particles larger than 0.15 mm have to be trapped efficiency 95% in the
basin. Consider tlre effect of the turbulence and check the length of basin using
Valikanov's relation of ttre density of the silty water of 1.105 ton/m3. Draw plan anri
section of the basin shorving majorcomponents. [6+3]
b) Explain the generai requirements of a functional ROR headworks. t3l
5. a) What do you mean by hydraulic design'of tunnel? Explain the selection criteria of
tunnel alignment. l2+2]
b) What are the design considerations of Forebay? Design a Forebay with tubine
discharge 12m3lsec, water is conveyed from Forebay to powerhouse by two number
of penstock of 2 m diameter each. Take retention time 3 minute and limiting velocity
0.2 m/sec. t2+41
c) Vy'hy restricted origice type is more efficient ttran simple cylindrical type. tZ)
6. a) Design specific speed, turbine diameter and setting of the Francis turbine in a
hydropow,er project having net head of 150 m and desigrr discharge of 25 m3isec.
Take turbine efficiency8lo%. [2+2+27
b) What are the conditions Francis *01"_._*" preferable than Pelton turbine? t4l
 lr

0l rnlbnuveN UNIVERSITY Exam. .' New:Bacl<,(2 )66 & Later:. Satch)

INSTITUTE OF ENGTNEERING Level BE FulI lVlarks 80

Examination Control Division Programme BCE PassMarks 5Z

2A7O Ashad Year / Part w/I Time 3 hrs.

/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
/ Attempt All questions.
'/ Thefigures in the margin indicate FuIl Marks.
/ Assume [Link] data if necessary.

I List outtttie;major features of Hydropower Development policy ZOOt. ls the policy able to
athact'pfivate sector? Write your comments. l6I
2. a) brawing neat sketch (plan and section with all components), discuss the principal
characteristics of diversion type storage hydropower plant. j - t4]
b) Highlight the major studies and investigations carried out during reconnaissance,
prefeasibility ar-rd feasibility studles- t4I
3. The mean monthly flow of a typical Nepalese river is as follows: L2+4+2)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr Mav Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
O (rn'/s) 80 44i 83 i00 130 222 600 800 590 244 120 100

i) Calculate the installed ofa based on minimum flow of the river without
for pure run wifi;eTFeEa of 200 m
of a plant is 85Yo.

ii) The plant has ihree sets'oi uliitd (turbinc anC generatcr) such tJrat one ,rrilt with fi{t
capacity is operated during off peak hour. if the plant is designed for a trieaking plant
with 4 hour peaking (moming 2 hour arid evening 2 hour), what will be the installed
capacity of a plant?
iii) What will be the increase in benefit from peaking if peak hour energy rate is Rs
lzlkwh and off peak energy rate is Rs 6/kWh during minim,rm flow month?
4. a) A concrete gravity dam on the'rocky foundation is acted by the upstream horizontal .
hydrostatic force of {.50 million KN and by the downstream the same qf 0.50 rq{lion- .

KN. Determine'the volun{e of concrete wprks ([Link] : 24 K-N/m3), ;;gb"ting b*d

stresS and up Iift force and takihg a factor ofsafety on the horizontal thrust of2.5 and '
a friction coefficient between the-concrete and rock of 0.65. t8l
b) Write witl-: necessary lketch and their-hydraulics, any three types of spillways used in
a head works of a hydropower plant.
: t6I
c) Explain causes of failure of earthen dam. What criteria do you adopt for safe [Link]
earthen damT' [2+4J
5. a) Discuss the requirements of a fimctionai RoR headvggrks. Drawin g a typical plan of
such headworks, discuss-hon'these reqtiirements are fulfilled. [2+-?]
b) Find out the dimension of a settling basin rzith ttubulent flort for a high-head'"
hydropower plant, which utilizes a discharge of 40 mr/s. The sediment particles
coarser than 0.15 mm (ro : i.5 cm/s) have to be trapped in the basin. Draw pian and
sections (cross and longitudinai) showing major components and flushing
arrangement [3+3]
c) lf you have allocated about.l09,{r volume for sediment storage and overall trapping
efficiencl, of settlinglasin i-j Oljl n$ out the frequency of fl-usbing of settling basin.
f
when the sedirnenr Jinceniiiriy,;.zOo0ppps.
' t"
t3l
4 r{r'{tr
6. a) The design discharge through the tuffrel of a hydropower project is 60 m3ls is
conveyed by three number of penstock to the turbine of 2 m diameter each. Take the
Iength of tunnel is 7 km, diameter of tunnel is l0 m, friction factor of tunnel is 0.016,
friction factor of penstock = 0.04 and velocity of wave in penstock = 1800 m/sec. If
the surge tank of 30 m diameter has been provided at the end of the tunnel, find the
following: (i) maximum up-surge and down-surge in the tank (ii) water hammers
pressure (iii) Time of oscillation of wave. L4+2+21
b) Discuss with sketch, types of hrnnel supports and their nEcessity? [3+U
7- What do you mean by setting of turbine? The pipe line 1200 meter supplies water to 3
single jet pelton wheels. The need above the nozzhe is 360 m. The velocity coeflicient for
the nozzle is 0.98 and the coefficient of the friction for the pipe line is 0.02. The turbine
effrciency is 0.85. The specific speed of turbine is 15.3 rpm and loss head is 18 meter in
pipeline due to friction. If the operating speed of each turbine is 560 rpm, determine (i)
Total power developed (ii) Discharge (iii) Diameter of each jet and diameter of pipe line. 12+61
8. Drawing a section of vertical axis Francis turbine in a powerhouse, show the different
parts of powerhouse structure. t4]
 01 ' TRIBHUVAN [Link] Exam. ('ll ll l'

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEzuNG Level BE fal.,TIlilt'iE m

Examination Control Division Programme BCE Pass Marls 32
2069 Chaitra Yoar /Part N tr Time 3 hrs.

Subject: - Hydropower Engineering (CE704)

/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
{ Attempt 4!l questions.
r' The Jigures in the margin indicate FuA Marls.
y' Assume suitable data if necessary.

J What are the objectives of Hydropower Development Policy 2001? Explain five main
features provisioned in Hydropower Development Policy 2001 for the development of
hydropower in Nepal. [3+3]
,-?/ a)- Prepare a three altemative layouts plan and sectional drawings of the ROR
'z Hydropower plants. t6I
!) What are the stages of hydropower development cycle? tzl
Z The stream flow record for a hydropower development site is given below. fhaw a flow
duration curve and determine firm and secondary energy if the available head is 60 m
is 45m3/s and overall is82%o. t8l
Months Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
O(m'ls) 30 38- 28 22 t6 32 56- 72u 54* 46* 38-- 36-
4. a) Draw uplift pressure diagram (i) for dam holding 50 m water depth at upsfream
>F,
vertical face with top and bottom width l0 m and 30 m respectively. Uplift may be
considered to be acting an 60% of the area of section. Tail water depth is 5 m- (ii) for
the same dam there is a drainage gallery at 6 m from'face. 13+21
b) The u/sandd/s slop-of a homogeneous earthen dam with l2m toe drain are 2:l and
3:1 (H:V) respectively. The water depth at u/s of dam is 50fn. The dam has a crest
width of 20m and free board is of 5m. The coefficient of perE'eability of dam material
is 2.5 cmlhr calculate (i) Specific discharge through the body of dam (ii) co-ordinate
of phreatic line. tl0I
c) With appropriate drawings illustrate the general ilrangement of intake for storage
plants. t5l
s. How are the control of bed load and floating debris in ROR intake done? Explain with
Jtr appropriate plan and sectional drawings of the system. t6l
b) Compute the dimension of peripdic type settling .basin considering and without
considering the turbulence effect .for a hydropower plant through settling theory.
Take, t8I
Settling velocity-: 6 cm/sec
Discharge = Smr/sec
Particle size to be removed =.0.2 mm
Depth of basin = 2.4 m
6. a) A power station is fed by a 4000m long concrete lined tunnel of 5.0 m dia and 600 m
long pressure shaft of 4.0 m dia operating under a gross head of 250 m. If the design
discharge of the plant is 60 m3/secand the friction factors in tunnel and pressure shaft
are 0.014 and 0.012 respectively,
i) Compute the sectional area required for mass oscillation in a surge tank t3I
ii) Maximum upsurge and downsurge levels t3I
iii) If the headwater level is 1048 m, find out the invert level of the headrace tunnel at
surge tank t3l
, b) Explain the importance of tunnel lining. s t3I
?. Discuss the various types of reaction and impulse turbines used in a hydropower plant.
i Discuss their suitability and major performance characteristics. t8l
b. Discus"s the arrangement in a typical surface powerhouse. How do you compute the basic
dimensions of such building? 12+27