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Seminar

The document discusses the Rhesus (Rh) factor, an antigen in red blood cells that can lead to Rh incompatibility during pregnancy when an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive baby. It outlines the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of Rh incompatibility, emphasizing the importance of administering Rh immunoglobulin to prevent maternal immune reactions. Additionally, it mentions erythroblastosis fetalis as a severe consequence of this condition, highlighting its symptoms.

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2 views9 pages

Seminar

The document discusses the Rhesus (Rh) factor, an antigen in red blood cells that can lead to Rh incompatibility during pregnancy when an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive baby. It outlines the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of Rh incompatibility, emphasizing the importance of administering Rh immunoglobulin to prevent maternal immune reactions. Additionally, it mentions erythroblastosis fetalis as a severe consequence of this condition, highlighting its symptoms.

Uploaded by

souvikkar920
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Under the guidance of :

[Link] Sardar MD(HOM)


Reader & HOD Department of Human Physiology & Biochemistry
[Link] Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital (UG & PG)

Presented by : Tanu Maji


Roll-11
Class-1st BHMS
Session- 2025-26
The Rhesus (Rh) Factor
‣ Rh factor is an antigen present in RBC.
‣ It was discovered by Landsteiner & Wiener in Rhesus monkey.
‣ It is an inherited dominant factor.
‣ Includes C,c,D,d,E and e [Link] D
antigen is the most signi cant in Rh
incompatibility.

‣ Among world population 85% people are


Rh positive (may be homozygous DD or
heterozygous Dd)15% are Rh
negative(complete absence of D).
fi
DEFINITION & OVERVIEW
What is Rh Incompatibility?

When a Rh-negative woman carries


a Rh-positive pregnancy, the baby's
red blood cells are attacked by the
mother's immune system, resulting in
Rh illness. The risk increases in
subsequent pregnancies as the
woman develops antibodies against
the Rh factor, although the rst
pregnancy is usually unaffected.
fi
๏ CAUSES:
• A di erence in blood type between pregnant
woman and her baby causes Rh
incompatibility. The condition occurs if a
woman in Rh-negative and her baby is Rh-
positive.

• During childbirth,some Rh-positive red cells of


the baby gain entry into mother’s circulation
through placental wound
ff
DIAGNOSIS
‣ Blood grouping of mother & father.
‣ Indirect Coombs test(detects maternal
antibodies).
‣ Direct Coombs test(detects antibodies on fetal
RBCs).
‣ Ultrasound of fetal anemia .
‣ Bilirubin - direct and indirect.
TREATMENT
๏ Rh incompatibility is treated with Rh immunoglobulin,
especially administered during the seventh month of
pregnancy and within 72 hours post-delivery.
๏ The treatment aims to ensure the baby's health and reduce
risks in future pregnancies.
๏ The medication contains Rh antibodies that prevent the
mother's immune system from reacting to the baby's Rh-
positive cells, thereby avoiding the formation of Rh antibodies.
๏ Timely administration is crucial, as once Rh antibodies are
formed, the treatment is ineffective.
๏ The injection can cause mild side effects such as injection site
soreness and slight fever. 7
Erythroblastosis fetalis
A blood disorder or hemolytic disease of the foetus and
newborn(HDFN).

SYMPTOMS
• Severe anemia (>13), jaundice, pale
skin.

• Hepatosplenomegaly.
• Hydrops fetalis.
• Respiratory distress.
• Kernicterus ( In severe cases high
bilirubin can cause nerve cell
degeneration).
THANK YOU

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