DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background:
With the changing living style, increasing population and with increasing pollution
environment are soaring day by day. The hospital building provides medical service to the
people. The main propose of our project to provides medical needs of [Link] structures
are subjected to various loads like concentrated loads, uniformly distributed loads, uniformly
varying loads, random loads, internal or earthquake load and dynamic loads. The structure
transfers its load to the supports and ultimately to the ground. While transferring the loads
acting on the structure, the members of structure are subjected to internal forces like axial
forces, shear forces, bending and torsion moments.
Structure Analysis deals with analyzing these internal forces in the members of the structures.
Structural Design deals with sizing various members of the structure to resist the internal
forces to which they are subjected in course of their life cycle. Unless the proper Structural
Detailing method is adopted, the structural design will be more effective and for our purpose
minimally. The Indian Standard Code of Practice should be thoroughly implemented for
proper analysis, design and detailing with respect to safety, economy, stability, strength.
The project selected by our group is structural design of apartment complex being
constructed in Birgunj, Parsa. The building consists of 7 stories (Basement +Ground Floor
and 5 storey). The total height of the building is 24.1 m. The total area covered by the
building is 5414.75 sq ft. It consists of 18 columns, main beam arrangements. The building
has the projections in Western part. The building consists of Basement for parking. In each
floor there are for medical purpose for people. The soil bearing capacity of the site as per soil
investigation report is 87 KN/m2 . As the location is in the earthquake prone region (Zone
V), the building is to be analyzed statically and dynamically.
Structural design with the use of sound knowledge of structural engineering determines the
sizes of members like beam, column, slab, raft foundation,Pile, rebar arrangements and others
. These structures are subjected to various loads like concentrated loads, uniformly distributed
loads or earthquake load. The structure transfer its load to the support and ultimately to the
ground below the structure. While transferring the loads acting on the structure, the members
of the structures are subjected to internal forces like axial force, shear force, bending and
torsional moments. Structural analysis deals with analyzing these internal forces in the
members of the structure.
The project report has been prepared in complete conformity with various stipulations in
Indian standards, code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete IS 456:2000, design aids
for reinforced concrete to SP-16, criteria earthquake resistant design structure IS 1893:2002,
ductile detailing of reinforced concrete structures subjected to seismic forces-codes of
practice IS 13920-1993, handbook on concrete reinforced and detailing SP-34. Use of these
codes have emphasized on providing sufficient safety, strength, economy and ductility
besides satisfactory serviceability requirements of cracking and deflection in concrete
structures. The design are based on principles of Limit State of Design.
This report presents the structure analysis and design of Commercial Building. The building
is Special Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) type of building. It is
designed to meet both strength and serviceability requirements when subjected to gravity and

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

earthquake loads.

The analysis and design has been based on IS codes that are in practice in Nepal.
This report consists of the design assumptions, design methodology, design inputs
and outputs, and sample design of structural members.

1.2 Objective and scope:

1.2.1 Objective
The main aim of project work under the title is to acquire knowledge and skill with an
emphasis on practical application of the structural design of Hospital with the consideration
of the response spectrum. Besides the utilization of analytical methods and design;
approaches, exposures and application of various available codes of practice is another aim of
the work.
The project work entitled “Analysis and Design of Building (High Rise Building)” assigned
to us is as per the course of syllabus for B.E. Civil Engineering fourth year second part for
academic purpose. It enables us to use the theoretical knowledge gained in previous
semesters. The project work will assist in gaining knowledge about detail analysis and design
of framed structure and develops confidence on student. The project work comprises of parts,
namely:
a. Identification of structural arrangement
b. Modeling of the building for structural analysis
c. Detail Structural analysis using structural analysis program (Etabs-2017).
d. Sectional design of structural components
e. Structural detailing of members and system

Design of various structural members such as slab, beam, column, footing and staircase are
done in sequential manner in this project work. This project comprises of the method of
analysis, design and the working drawings details.

1.2.2 Scope
Because of repeated procedure, similar details and uneasiness in binding, limited time
available and power cutoff the project work is limited to
• Analysis using Etabs 2017
• Detailing of column and beam.
• Detailing of reinforcement for designed elements.

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

• Design of mat foundation and its reinforcement detailing

• Design of Pile

1.2.3 Identification of loads :

• Dead loads are calculated as per IS: 875 (Part 1) – 1987

• Imposed loads according to IS : 875 (Part 2) - 1987

• Seismic load according to IS: 1893 (Part 1): 2002 considering Kathmandu
located at Zone V

1.2.4 Methods Of Analysis:

Etabs 2017 is adopted as the basic tool for the analysis of the structure and this program is
based on finite element method. The stresses and displacement of various structural elements
of the building are obtained using this program which is used for the design of the members.
Staircases are analyzed separately.
IS 1893-2002 (part 1) is followed for the seismic analysis of the building. The fundamental
time period of the structure is calculated as specified in code.

1.2.5 Design:
Limit state method is used for the design of RC elements. The design is based on IS 456-
2000, SP-16 etc.
The following materials are adopted for the design of elements.
a. Grade of concrete M25 for Beam and slab & M25 for all column.
b. Grade of reinforced steel Fe 500 for longitudinal as well as for lateral bar.

1.2.6 Detailing:
The structure is designed with due consideration to provide ductile behavior and comply with
the requirements given in IS 13920:1993 and SP 34.
1.2.6 Site Condition
Type of soil : Type III, Poor soil as per IS 1893(Part 1): 2000
Allowable bearing pressure :As per soil report
Seismic zone factor : 0.36

2.0 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM AND LOADING

2.1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND DESIGN CRITERIA

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

Ground Motion
After completion of Architectural design, the layout of columns and beams are done without
affecting the Architectural functions of building so far. Structure is modeled using finite
element method. A three-dimensional beam element having 12 DOF with 6 DOFs at each
node were used for modeling beams and columns in the building, while 24 DOFs shell
element with 6 DOFs at each node were used to model slab wall.
The structure is analyzed by the linear elastic theory to calculate internal actions produced by
anticipated design loads. The analysis is carried out using state of art three-dimensional
structural analysis programs like ETABS 2016. The design loads considered as per the
relevant codes of practice comprise dead load due to permanent structures, live load due to
occupancy of the structure and seismic load due to anticipated earthquake possible at the
proposed location. Several load combinations are considered to obtain the maximum values
of design stresses.
Following considerations is made during modeling, analysis and design.
• The structures are Special Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF)
type. Beams and columns are considered as the structural load resisting elements.
Although non-structural components like wall plaster, infill walls, floor finishing
etc has comes effects on structural performance, they are considered only as
loading.
• For all structural elements, M25 grade concrete are used.

• Centre-line dimensions are followed for modeling, analysis and design.

• Floor slabs are assumed to be rigid in their own plane. The slab action has been
modeled by rigid floor diaphragms. Slabs are also considered in modeling. Slab is
modeled as shellelement.
• Beam and columns are modeled as frame elements.
• The main beams rest centrally on columns to avoid local
eccentricity. Foundation isassumed to be fully rigid at the plinth
level.
• The beam-column joint is not modeled in detail.
• Preliminary sizes of structural components are assumed by experience.
• Seismic loads were considered acting in the horizontal direction (along either of
the twoorthogonal directions of building) and not along the vertical direction,
since it is not considered to be significant for design of structural members
suitable load combinationsas suggested by IS 1893– 2002 are used.

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

2.2. STRUCTURAL PLANNING

The purpose of this project is to use manual with general structural requirements for the
better behavior of the structure dynamics loading and to spell out the assumption is adopted
in manuals.
The building in question is analyzed and designed as a Bare Moment Resisting Ductile
Frame; participation of randomly placed brick infill walls in structure performance and
behaviors is not taken care of. Only load of this wall is considered in the design. The staircase
is positively isolated from main structural system by incorporating construction gap between
waist slab and floor/roof slab. Otherwise, the staircase flight may behave like an inclined strut
and may damage primary the structure as well as itself. It is open well type.
It is a good practice to keep the size of basic vertical component same through out the height.
So we have kept same column size though out the entire height.
For better beam- column joint behavior, relatively larger column and smaller beam is
recommended. It helps to carry all the beam bars through the column core. This enhances the
confinement of joint and also helps in better joint detailing. It is bad to joggle beam bars in
the joint as it causes secondary stresses on column bars

2.3. LIMITATIONS

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

Structure can be mathematically modeled only under some assumptions. The effect of this
assumption on the behavior of a structure and how they can be approximately taken care of
have also been dealt.
All structures behave as a space frame and their behavior can be assessed only by a space
frame analysis. But here the torsion stiffness is ignored .But as the torsion stiffness of the
members is not considered; it will lead to higher bending moments in member of frame.
ASSESMENT OF LOADS
Dead load
These are to be chosen from codes as IS: 875(part 1). The correct assessment and calculation
of dead loads is a most important step. This can be done precisely if the architectural
drawings are complete and include the roof, ceiling, floor, wall finishes, parapet and railings,
overhead water storage tanks placed on the roof, position thickness and specifications of
fixed partitions, etc
The correct thickness/size of structural member (i.e. slab, beams and columns) cannot be
ascertained before the structural analysis and design are finalized. Thus , some sizes need to
be assigned by experience and architectural considerations to begin with, checked and
modified during preliminary design, and finalized during analysis and checking.
Live load
These are to be chosen from codes as IS: 875(part 2) for carious occupancies where required.
These codes permit certain modifications in the load intensities where large contributory
areas are involved, or when the building consists of many stories. For economy in design,
such reductions should be utilized. Lateral and vertical loads on parapets and railings, and
higher loads intensities on entrance halls, stairs, must be considered. It will be useful to mark
the design load classes or intensities on small- scale.
Earthquake load
This load on a structure is a function of the site dependent probable maximum earthquake
intensity or string ground- motion and the local soil, the stiffness, and its orientation in
relation to the incident seismic waves. For designing purpose, the resultant effects are usually
represented by the horizontal and vertical seismic coefficient αh, αv. Alternatively, a
dynamics analysis of the building is required under the action of the specified ground motion
or design response spectra. Since the probable maximum earthquake occurrences are not so
frequent, designing building for such earthquake so as to ensure that they remain elastic and
damage- free is not considered economically prudent. Instead, reliance is placed on kinetic
energy dissipation in the structure through plastic deformation of elements and joints. Thus,
the philosophy of a seismic design is to obtain no collapse of structure rather than a no
damage of structure. This is a sound economic proposition for only the poor developing
countries, but even for the developed one as well. To achieve a greater degree of protection,
the critical and important buildings are designed for higher seismic factors by using an
important factor I, (IS: 1893-[Link], table 4). Also the effect of local soils and the type of
different structural systems have showed varied behavior during past earthquakes, a
performance factor k, is also introduced (IS: 1893-[Link], table 5)
Thus, there is a lot of possible variation on specifying the design seismic values for building
in various seismic countries of the world, the Nepal has to make a choice depending on her
economical situation, skills in design, and their construction practice.
Earthquake causes impulsive ground motion, which is complex and irregular in character,
changing in period and amplitude, each lasting for small duration, horizontal components of
the ground motion are generally more intense than vertical. The ground motion is random in
nature. A qualitative schematization of earthquake effects is divided into different zones
indicating intensity of damage or frequency of earthquake occurrence. Suitable seismic
coefficients were assigned based on an engineering judgment of the likely intensity in each

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

zone and variation of these coefficients according to the ground condition. Through a
reasonable estimate of the portable maximum is unit of the tectonic.

2.4. Study of the Building

2.4.1 Structural and Architectural Study of the Building
1. Type of the building Specialist Hospital Building
2. Location Birgunj,Kathmandu
3. Area 5514.75
4. Structural system Framed structure
5. Soil type Poor Soil
6. Seismic zone Zone V
7. Foundation Mat foundation
8. Number of storey Seven(Basement+ ground floor+5floors)
9. Ground storey height 3.5 m
10. Floor to floor height 3.3m
11. Size of building: Maximum length 26.79 m
Maximum breadth 24.15 m
12. Number of columns:
Basement 18 nos
Ground Floor 18 nos.
First floor 18 nos.
Second floor 18 nos.
Third floor 18 nos
Fourth floor 18 nos.
Fifth Floor 18 nos.

13. Number of Beam: 49 nos. in every floor

14. Slab thickness 150 mm
15. Wall thickness;
Main Wall 230mm
[Link] Open Well
[Link] floor Finish
(Ground Floor to Sixth Floor)
PCC 25 mm
Marble Flooring 18 mm
Ceiling Plaster 12.5mm
[Link] floor Finish( Terrace)
Plain Cement Concrete 30 mm
Ceiling Plaster 12.5mm
[Link]. Preliminary Design:
For analysis of the building, it requires the rough idea on the member sizes used in the
building as beam, column and slab. According to which the contributed dead load of the
member to the structure could be estimatedThe size of the members is dependent on the limit
state of serviceability on deflection and cracking. For this, the IS code 456-2000 is referred to
make sure.

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

For analysis of the building, it requires the rough idea on the member sizes used in the
building as beam, column and slab. According to which the contributed dead load of the
member to the structure could be estimated.

2.6.1 Slab
Each floor slabs are divided into different types as per end conditions defined in
IS 456:2000.
• Design of General use Slab type –S5

Size of slab = 4.877 X 5.639 m2

Ly 5.639
= = 1.156 < 2
Lx 4.877
∴ The slab is two-way slab.
Calculating, depth of slab
span
d= ( IS 456:2000, 23.2)
αβγδλ
where,
α = basic value of span to effective depth ratios
β = a factor which accounts for correction in the values of 𝛼 for spans ………
………...greater than 10 m
γ = a factor which depends on the stress at service and amount of steel for ………
………...tension reinforcement
For fy = 415,
0.58 fy ×Area of cross section of steel required
fs = ( IS 456:2000, 23.2)
Area of cross section provide
δ = a factor which depends on the area of compression reinforcement
λ = a factor for flanged beams which depends on the ratio of web width to ………
……….. flange width
Since, span > 3.5 m, according to IS 456:2000
span
d= ( IS 456:2000, 23.2)
αβγδλ
4877
or, d =
26×1×1.3×1×1
∴ d = 144.29 mm
Taking effective cover of 20 mm , D=164.29 mm
Hence, adopting, D=150 mm and d= 130 mm
• Design of General use Slab type –S7

Size of slab = 3.759 X 3.81 m2

Ly 3.81
= = 1.01 <2
Lx 3.759
∴ The slab is two-way slab.
Calculating, depth of slab
Since, span >3.5 m, according to IS 456:2000
span
d= ( IS 456:2000, 23.2)
αβγδλ
3759
or, d =
26×1×1.3×1×1
∴ d = 111.21 mm
Taking effective cover of 20 mm , D=131.21 mm
Hence, adopting, D=150 mm and d= 130 mm
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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

• Design of General use Slab type –S8

Size of slab = 3.81 X 4.877 m2

Ly 4.877
= = 1.28 <2
Lx 3.81
∴ The slab is two-way slab.

Calculating, depth of slab

Since, span >3.5 m, according to IS 456:2000
span
d= ( IS 456:2000, 23.2)
αβγδλ
3810
or, d =
26×1×1.3×1×1
∴ d = 112.72 mm
Taking effective cover of 20 mm , D=132.72 mm
Hence, adopting, D=150 mm and d= 130 mm
Taking effective cover of 20 mm , D=78.61 mm. Hence, adopting, D=150 mm .
Providing, slab of D=150 mm
2.6.2 BEAM

• Depth of beam – BC(1-2)

We have,
1 1
dbeam= to of span ( IS 456:2000, 23.2)
12th 15th

d 1 1
Along C, (7-8), = to
2134 12 15

∴ d = 177.83 to 142 mm

• Depth of beam – BC(2-3)

We have,
1 1
dbeam= to of span ( IS 456:2000, 23.2)
12th 15th

d 1 1
Along A, (6 -7), = to
4877 12 15

∴ d = 406.42 to 325.13 mm

• Depth of beam – B6(A-B)

We have,
1 1
dbeam= to of span ( IS 456:2000, 23.2)
12th 15th

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

d 1 1
Along 7, (A-B), = to
3505 12 15

∴ d = 292.08 to 233.67 mm

• Depth of beam – B6(B-C)

We have,
1 1
dbeam= to of span ( IS 456:2000, 23.2)
12th 15th

d 1 1
Along 7, (C-D), = to
5639 12 15

∴ d = 469.92 to 375.93 mm

• Depth of beam – B6(E-F)

We have,
1 1
dbeam= to of span ( IS 456:2000, 23.2)
12th 15th

d 1 1
Along 3, (E-F), = to
1981 12 15

∴ d = 165.08 to 132.07 mm

Adopt d = 470 mm and providing effective cover = 30 mm

Therefore , D= 500 mm

• Width of beam

We have,
1 2
b= to of depth
2 3

∴ b = 235 to 313.33 mm

∴ Adopt b = 300 mm for all beams.

∴ D= 500 mm , d = 470 mm , b = 300 mm

•
• Check for slenderness limits for beams to ensure lateral stability

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

According to IS: 456-2000, cl. 23.3, pg. 39,

We have,
250 b2
Span ≤ 60b or,
d
Along 2,
200×3002
5029 ≤ 60 × 300 or,
500
≤ 18,000 or, 40,000 O.K.
Along C,
200×3002
4877 ≤ 60 × 300 or,
500
≤ 18,000 or, 40,000 O.K.

For cantilever,
1000 b2
L ≤ 25 × 3000 or,
d

L ≤ 7,500 or, 18,000

• Ductility check:

From IS 13920:1993, cl. 6.1.2, pg.3

b
> 0.3
D

300
Check, = 0.6 > 0.3 O.K.
500
From 1IS 13920:1993 ,cl. 6.1.4, pg. 3
1
D< of clear span
4
1
= × 2301
4
= 575.25 mm O.K.

2.6.3 COLUMN
Pu = 0.4 fck Ac + 0.67 fy Asc
= 0.4 × 25 × (Ag – 0.0.2 Ag) + 0.67 × 415 × Ag × 0.02
= 15.61 Ag
≈ 16 Ag
Pu
i.e. = 16
Ag

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

Design Data
S.N. Materials/Items Unit wt.
1 Cement Mortar 20.40 KN/m2
2 Plaster 20.40 KN/m2
3 Marble 26.7 KN/m2
4 RCC 25 KN/m3

[Link]. General load calculation for terracing

1) Dead Load
i) Self weight of slab (150 mm) =25 × 0.15 = 3.75 KN /m2
ii) Finishing load
• Load of 5 mm thick cement punning (PCC ) = 20.40×0.005
= 0.102 KN/ m2
• Load of 25 mm thick cement screeding(PCC) = 20.40×0.025
= 0.51 KN/m2
• Load of ceiling plaster(12.5 mm) =20.40×0.0125
2
= 0.255 KN/m
Total Dead Load with 150 mm RCC slab = 4.617 KN/m2

iii) Beam load = 0.5 ×25

= 12.5 KN/m2

iv) Parapet wall load = 20.40×1.5= 30.6 KN/m2

2) Live Load = 1.5 KN/m2

[Link]. General calculation for intermediate storey

1) Dead Load
i) Self weight of slab (150 mm) =25 × 0.15 = 3.75 KN /m2
ii) Finishing load
• Load of 25 mm thick cement screeding(PCC) = 20.40×0.025
= 0.51 KN/m2
• Load of 18 mm thick marble flooring = 26.7 ×0.018
2
= 0.481 KN/ m
• Load of ceiling plaster(12.5 mm) =20.40×0.0125
2
= 0.255 KN/m
Total Dead Load with 150 mm RCC slab = 4.996 KN/m2

iii) Beam load = 0.5 ×25

= 12.5 KN/m2

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

iv) Partition wall load = 1.2 KN/m2

v) Wall load

• Brick load = 3×18.85 = 56.55 KN/m2

• Plaster load = 3×20.40 =61.2 KN/m2
2) Live Load
i) Slab for rooms , kitchen, bathroom , toilet = 2 KN/m2
ii) Slab for corridors , staircases, passages,
balconies, fire escapes = 3 KN/m2

Load in column C3C

2.82m
2.515m

2.439m 1.88m

Column holding terrace slab

1) Dead Load

i)Self weight of slab along with floor finish = 5.335×4.585×4.617

= 112.936 KN
ii)Self weight of beam = 12.5 × 9.654×0.3
= 36.203 KN
iii)Parapet wall load =30.6×0.23× 4.395 m
= 30.932 KN
Total dead load = 180.071 KN
Assuming 10% of total dead load on column =18.007 KN

Therefore, total dead load on column =198.078 KN

2) Live Load = 1.5×5.335×4.585

=36.691 KN

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

Terrace load =198.078 +36.691

=234.769 KN
Due to earthquake provision, increase 30%, i.e. P =305.12 KN
Adopting 1.5 as factor of safety, Pu =1.5×305.12
=457.68 KN

Column holding intermediate slab

1) Dead Load
i)Self weight of slab along with floor finish =5.335×4.585×4.996
= 122.207 KN
ii)Self weight of beam = 12.5 × 9.654 ×0.3
= 36.203 KN
iii)Partition wall =1.2×3×9.654
=34.754 KN
iv) Wall load
• Brick load =56.55×0.23×4.395
=57.164 KN
• Plaster load =61.2×0.0125×4.395
=3.362 KN
Total dead load =253.69 KN
Assuming 10% of total dead load on column =25.369 KN

Therefore, total dead load on column =279.059 KN

2) Live Load = 2×5.335×4.585

=48.922 KN
Intermediate load =279.059+48.922
=327.981 KN
Due to earthquake provision, increase 30%, i.e. P =426.375 KN
Adopting 1.5 as factor of safety, Pu =1.5×426.375
=639.563 KN

Total load in 7 storey = (457.68 +639.563×6 )KN

= 4295.058 KN
Pu
We know, . = 16
Ag
4295.058
or, Ag= ×1000
16
Therefore, Ag = 268,441.125 mm2
Thus, adopting 550×550 mm i.e. Ag = 302,500 mm2

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

Load in column C6D

1.905m
2.82m
1.88m 2.439m

Column holding terrace slab

1) Dead Load

i)Self weight of slab along with floor finish =4.319×4.725×4.617

= 94.22 KN
ii)Self weight of beam = 12.5 × 9.044 ×0.3
= 33.915 KN
Total dead load =128.135 KN
Assuming 10% of total dead load on column =12.814 KN
Therefore, total dead load on column =140.949 KN
2) Live Load = 1.5×4.319×4.725
=30.61 KN
Terrace load =140.949 +30.61
=171.559 KN
Due to earthquake provision, increase 30%, i.e. P =223.027 KN
Adopting 1.5 as factor of safety, Pu =1.5×223.027
=334.54 KN
Column holding intermediate slab
1) Dead Load

i)Self weight of slab along with floor finish =4.319×4.725×4.996

= 101.955 KN
ii)Self weight of beam =12.5 ×0.3 × 9.044
= 33.915 KN
iii)Partition wall =1.2×3× 9.044
=32.558 KN
Total dead load =168.428KN
Assuming 10% of total dead load on column =16.843 KN

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

Therefore, total dead load on column =185.271KN

2) Live Load = 2×4.319×4.725

=40.815KN
Intermediate load =185.271+40.815
=226.086KN
Due to earthquake provision, increase 30%, i.e. P =293.912KN
Adopting 1.5 as factor of safety, Pu =1.5×293.912
=440.868KN

Total load in 7 storey = (334.54 +440.868×6 )KN

= 2979.748 KN
Pu
We know, . = 16
Ag
2979.748
or, Ag= ×1000
16
Therefore, Ag = 186,234.253 mm2
Thus, adopting 550×550 mm i.e. Ag = 302,500 mm2

Load in column C6F

0.991 m

1.88m 2.439m

Column holding terrace slab

1) Dead Load
i)Self weight of slab along with floor finish = 4.319×0.991×4.617
= 19.761KN
ii)Self weight of beam = 12.5 × 0.3 × 5.31
= 19.913 KN
iii) Parapet wall load =30.6×0.23× 4.319 m
=30.397 KN
Total dead load = 70.071 KN
Assuming 10% of total dead load on column =7.007 KN
Therefore, total dead load on column = 77.078 KN

2) Live Load = 1.5×4.319×0.991

=6.42 KN
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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

Terrace load =77.078 +6.42

=83.498 KN
Due to earthquake provision, increase 30%, i.e. P =108.548 KN
Adopting 1.5 as factor of safety, Pu =1.5×108.548
=162.821 KN
Column holding intermediate slab
1) Dead Load

i)Self weight of slab along with floor finish = 4.319×0.991×4.996

= 21.384 KN
ii)Self weight of beam = 12.5×0.3 × 5.31
= 19.913KN
iii)Partition wall =1.2×3× 5 .31
=19.116KN

iv) Wall load

• Brick load =56.55×0.23×4.319
=56.175 KN
• Plaster load =61.2×0.0125×4.319
=3.304 KN
Total dead load =119.892 KN
Assuming 10% of total dead load on column =11.989 KN
Therefore, total dead load on column =131.881 KN

2) Live Load = 2×4.319×0.991

=8.56KN
Intermediate load =131.881+8.56
=140.441 KN
Due to earthquake provision, increase 30%, i.e. P =182.574 KN
Adopting 1.5 as factor of safety, Pu =1.5×182.574
=273.86 KN

Total load in 7 storey = (162.821 +273.86 ×6 )KN

= 1805.981 KN
Pu
We know, . = 16
Ag
1805.981
or, Ag= ×1000
16
Therefore, Ag = 112,873.813m2
Thus, adopting 350× 350mm i.e. Ag = 122,500 mm2
Hence provide 550 ×550 mm2 internal columns and 350×350mm2 column along
periphery.

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

2.7. load calculation:

Loading pattern
Loading pattern from slab to beam is obtained by drawing bisecting angle from each
corner. The obtained triangular or trapezoidal loadings are converted into equivalent
uniformly distributed load in the following way:

Loading intensity per unit length, w = DL or LL of slab per sq. unit  h

w h

L L
Physical Geometry
Loading Geometry
A) Vertical Load
B) Lateral Load

A. Vertical load

a) General load calculation for terracing

1) Dead Load
i) Self weight of slab (150 mm) =25 × 0.15 = 3.75 KN /m2
ii) Finishing load
• Load of 5 mm thick cement punning (PCC ) = 20.40×0.005
= 0.102 KN/ m2
• Load of 25 mm thick cement screeding(PCC) = 20.40×0.025
= 0.51 KN/m2
• Load of ceiling plaster(12.5 mm) =20.40×0.0125
2
= 0.255 KN/m
Total Dead Load with 150 mm RCC slab = 4.617 KN/m2

iii) Beam load = 0.5 ×25

= 12.5 KN/m2

iv) Parapet wall load = 20.40×1.5= 30.6 KN/m2

2) Live Load = 1.5 KN/m2

b) General calculation for intermediate storey

1) Dead Load
i) Self weight of slab (150 mm) =25 × 0.15 = 3.75 KN /m2
ii) Finishing load
• Load of 25 mm thick cement screeding(PCC) = 20.40×0.025
= 0.51 KN/m2
• Load of 18 mm thick marble flooring = 26.7 ×0.018

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

= 0.481 KN/ m2
• Load of ceiling plaster(12.5 mm) =20.40×0.0125
2
= 0.255 KN/m
Total Dead Load with 150 mm RCC slab = 4.996 KN/m2

iii) Beam load = 0.5 ×25

= 12.5 KN/m2

iv) Partition wall load = 1.2 KN/m2

v) Wall load

• Brick load = 3×18.85 = 56.55 KN/m2

• Plaster load = 3×20.40 =61.2 KN/m2
2) Live Load
i) Slab for rooms , kitchen, bathroom , toilet = 2 KN/m2
ii) Slab for corridors , staircases, passages,
balconies, fire escapes = 3 KN/m2

Load calculation of slab in terrace

i) Slab 1(150 mm)

1
Load in trapezoid portion=2× ×(1.372+4.877) ×4.617×1.753
2
=50.577 KN
1
Load in triangular portion=2× ×3.505 ×4.617×1.753
2
=28.368 KN
Total load =78.945 KN
ii) Slab 2 (150 mm)
1
Load in trapezoid portion=2× ×(0.152+5.029) ×4.617×2.439
2
=58.343 KN
1
Load in triangular portion=2× ×4.877 ×4.617×2.439
2
=54.919 KN
Total load =113.262 KN
iii) Slab 3 (150 mm)
1
Load in trapezoid portion=2× ×(2.895+5.029) ×4.617×1.067
2
=39.036KN
1
Load in triangular portion=2× ×1.067 ×4.617×2.134
2
=10.513 KN
Total load =49.549 KN
iv) Slab 4 (150 mm)
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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

1
Load in trapezoid portion=2× ×(1.88+5.639) ×4.617×1. 88
2
…………………………...=65.265 KN
1
Load in triangular portion=2× ×1.88 ×4.617×3.759
2
=32.628 KN
Total load =97.893 KN
v) Slab 5 (150 mm)
1
Load in trapezoid portion=2× ×(0.762+5.639) ×4.617×2.439
2
=72.081 KN
1
Load in triangular portion=2× ×4.877 ×4.617×2.439
2
=54.919 KN
Total load =127 KN

vi) Slab 6 (150 mm)

1
Load in trapezoid portion=2× ×(0.533+4.343) ×4.617×1.905
2
=42.886 KN
1
Load in triangular portion=2× 2 ×3.81 ×4.617×1.905
=33.51KN
Total load =76.396 KN

vii) Slab 7 (150 mm)

1
Load in trapezoid portion=2× ×(0.051+3.81) ×4.617×1.88
2
=33.513 KN
1
Load in triangular portion=2× ×3.759×4.617×1.88
2
=32.628 KN
Total load =66.141 KN
viii) Slab 8 (150 mm)
1
Load in trapezoid portion=2× ×(1.067+4.877) ×4.617×1.905
2
=52.28 KN
1
Load in triangular portion=2× ×3.81 ×4.617×1.905
2
=33.51 KN
Total load = 85.79 KN
ix) Slab 9 (150 mm)
1
Load in trapezoid portion=2× ×(3.81+1.676) ×4.617×1.067
2
=27.026 KN

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

1
Load in triangular portion=2× ×1.067 ×4.617×2.134
2
=10.513 KN
Total load =37.539 KN
x) Slab 10 (150 mm)
1
Load in trapezoid portion=2× ×(3.759+1.778) ×4.617×0.991
2
=25.334 KN
1
Load in triangular portion=2× ×0.991 ×4.617×1.981
2
=9.064 KN
Total load =34.398 KN
xi) Slab 11 (150 mm)
1
Load in trapezoid portion=2× ×(4.877+2.896) ×4.617×0.991
2
=35.565 KN
1
Load in triangular portion=2× ×1.981 ×4.617×0.991
2
=9.064 KN
Total load =44.629 KN

Load calculation of intermediate slab

i) Slab 1(150 mm)
1
Load in trapezoid portion=2× ×(1.372+4.877) ×4.996×1.753
2
=54.729 KN
1
Load in triangular portion=2× ×3.505 ×4.996×1.753
2
=30.697 KN
Total load =85.426 KN

ii) Slab 2 (150 mm)

1
Load in trapezoid portion=2× ×(0.152+5.029) ×4.996×2.439
2
=63.132 KN
1
Load in triangular portion=2× ×4.877 ×4.996×2.439
2
=59.427 KN
Total load =122.559 KN
iii) Slab 3 (150 mm)
1
Load in trapezoid portion=2× ×(2.895+5.029) ×4.996×1.067
2
=42.241 KN
1
Load in triangular portion=2× ×1.067 ×4.996×2.134
2
=11.376 KN

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

Total load =53.617 KN

iv) Slab 4 (150 mm)

1
Load in trapezoid portion =2× ×(1.88+5.639) ×4.996×1.88
2
…………………………...=70.622 KN
1
Load in triangular portion=2× ×1.88 ×4.996×3.759
2
=35.306 KN
Total load =105.928 KN

v) Slab 5 (150 mm)

1
Load in trapezoid portion=2× ×(0.762+5.639) ×4.996×2.439
2
=77.998KN
1
Load in triangular portion=2× ×4.877 ×4.996×2.439
2
=59.427 KN
Total load =137.425 KN
vi) Slab 6 (150 mm)
1
Load in trapezoid portion=2× ×(0.533+4.343) ×4.996×1.905
2
=46.407 KN
1
Load in triangular portion=2× ×3.81 ×4.996×1.905
2
=36.261KN
Total load =82.668 KN
vii) Slab 7 (150 mm)
1
Load in trapezoid portion=2× ×(0.051+3.81) ×4.996×1.88
2
=36.264 KN
1
Load in triangular portion=2× ×3.759×4.996×1.88
2
=35.306 KN
Total load =71.57 KN
viii) Slab 8 (150 mm)
1
Load in trapezoid portion=2× ×(1.067+4.877) ×4.996×1.905
2
=56.571 KN
1
Load in triangular portion=2× ×3.81 ×4.996×1.905
2
=36.261 KN
Total load = 92.832 KN
ix) Slab 9 (150 mm)
1
Load in trapezoid portion=2× ×(3.81+1.676) ×4.996×1.067
2

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

=29.244 KN
1
Load in triangular portion=2× ×1.067 ×4.996×2.134
2
=11.376 KN
Total load =40.62 KN
x) Slab 10 (150 mm)
1
Load in trapezoid portion=2× ×(3.759+1.778) ×4.996×0.991
2
=27.414 KN
1
Load in triangular portion=2× ×0.991 ×4.996×1.981
2
=9.808 KN
Total load =37.222 KN

xi) Slab 11 (150 mm)

1
Load in trapezoid portion=2× ×(4.877+2.896) ×4.996×0.991
2
=38.484 KN
1
Load in triangular portion=2× ×1.981 ×4.996×0.991
2
=9.808KN
Total load =48.292 KN
Load calculation

Beam

Terrace Intermediate
S.N Grid Weight of Grid Weight of Grid Weight of Grid Weight of
Line beams Line beams Line beams Line beams
1 A-A 36.578 1-1 33.146 A-A 36.578 1-1 33.146
2 B-B 52.583 2-2 74.865 B-B 52.583 2-2 74.865
3 C-C 97.061 3-3 74.865 C-C 97.061 3-3 74.865
4 D-D 97.061 4-4 42.863 D-D 97.061 4-4 42.863
5 E-E 97.061 5-5 42.863 E-E 97.061 5-5 42.863
6 F-F 64.77 6-6 74.865 F-F 64.77 6-6 74.865
7 7-7 74.865 7-7 74.865
8 8-8 33.146 8-8 33.146

Column

S.N
Grid Line Weight of columns Grid Line Weight of columns

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

1 1-1 27 A-A 27
2 2-2 104.25 B-B 104.25
3 3-3 104.25 C-C 149.625
4 4-4 74.813 D-D 149.625
5 5-5 74.813 E-E 149.625
6 6-6 104.25 F-F 27
7 7-7 104.25
8 8-8 27

Slab

Slab Mass Location Load in Slab(KN)

Mass (m)
Slab 1 (150) Slab 12-3(150) 78.945
Slab 1 (150) Slab 16-7(150) 78.945
Slab 2(150) Slab 22-3(150) 113.262
Slab 2(150) Slab 26-7(150) 113.262
Slab 3 (150) Slab 31-2(150) 49.549
Slab 3 (150) Slab 37-8(150) 49.549
Slab 4 (150) Slab 43-4(150) 54.916
Slab 4 (150) Slab 45-6(150) 54.916
Slab 5 (150) Slab 52-3(150) 97.893
Slab 5 (150) Slab 56-7(150) 97.893
Slab 6 (150) Slab 64-5(150) 127
Slab 7 (150) Slab 73-4(150) 76.396
Slab 7 (150) Slab 75-6(150) 76.396
Slab 8 (150) Slab 82-3(150) 182.605
Slab 8 (150) Slab 86-7(150) 182.605

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

Slab 9 (150) Slab 91-2(150) 85.79

Slab 9 (150) Slab 97-8(150) 85.79
Slab 10 (150) Slab 103-4(150) 68.856
Slab 10 (150) Slab 105-6(150) 68.856
Slab 11 (150) Slab 112-3(150) 34.398
Slab 11 (150) Slab 116-7(150) 34.398

2.8. Lateral load calculation (Seismic Load):

Seismic load:
Seismic weight is the total dead load plus approximate amount of specified imposed load.
While computing the seismic weight of each floor, the weight of columns and walls in any
storey shall be equally distributed to the floors above and below the storey. The seismic
weight of the whole building is the sum of the seismic weights of all the floors. It has been
calculated according to IS 1893 (part I) - 2002.

Seismic load or earthquake load on a building depends upon its geographical location, lateral
stiffness and mass, and is reversible. Its effect should be considered along both axes of
building taken at a time. A force is defined as the product of mass and acceleration. During
an earthquake, the mass is imparted by the building whereas the acceleration is imparted by
the ground disturbance. In order to have minimum force, the mass of the building should be
as low as possible. The point of application of this inertial force is the centre of gravity of the
mass on each floor of the building.
There are two methods to determine the earthquake force in a building:
a) Seismic coefficient method or static method
b) Response spectrum method or modal analysis method of spectral acceleration method or
dynamic method
The seismic coefficient method is generally applicable to buildings up to 40m in height and
those are more or less symmetrical in plan and elevation.

A building may be modeled as a series of 2D plane frames into orthogonal direction. Each
node will have 3 degrees of freedom: two translations and one rotation. Alternatively, a
building may be modeled as a 3D space frame. Each node will have 6 degrees of freedom: 3
translations and 3 rotations.

Response Spectrum
The representation of the maximum response of idealized single degree of freedom system
having certain period of vibration and damping during earthquake is referred to as response
spectrum. The maximum response, i.e., maximum absolute acceleration, maximum velocity

Page 25
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

or maximum relative displacement of the single degree of freedom system is plotted against
the undamped natural period and for various damping values.

2.8.1. Calculation Of Fundamental Natural Period (Ta):

The approximate fundamental natural period of vibration (Ta) in seconds, of a moment
resisting frame building without brick infill panels may be estimated by the empirical
expression:
Ta = 0.075h 0.75 (code IS 1893:2002 clause 7.6.1)
Where,
h = Height of building in m. This excludes the basement storeys, where
basement walls are connected with the ground floor deck or fitted between the
building columns but it includes the basement storeys, when they are not so
connected.

Calculation:
Storey height = 3 m
Z = Zone factor
= 0.36(From Table 2) clause 6.4.2
For zone V (very severe)
I = Importance factor = 1.5 (Table 6, s1 No. 1( i )) clause 6.4.2
R = Response reduction factor = 5.0
Assuming the frame to be special moment resisting (table 7)
For medium soil sites
1 + 15T 0.00  T  0.10
Sa  
=  2.5 0.10  T  0.55
g  1.36
0.55  T  4.00
 T 

a) By clause 7.6.1
Ta = 0.075h 0.75 (assuming no brick infill faces)
or,Ta=0.075×210.75
∴ Ta = 0.736 sec ....................... (i)
b) By clause 7.6.2 (IS 1893:2000 clause 7.6.2)
d1= 25.883 m (Total span in x- direction)
d2 = 19.964 m (Total span in y- direction)
0.09  h
(Ta ) x =
d1
0.09  21
=
25.883
= 0.371 sec ....................... (ii)

And

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

0.09  h
(Ta ) y =
d2
0.09  21
=
19.964
= 0.423 sec ....................... (iii)
Taking minimum of (i),(ii) and (iii),
The fundamental time period of vibration
Ta=0.371 sec

Hence,
For, (Ta)x=0.371 s
For medium soil,
Here, Z = 0.36 (V zone)
I=1
R= 5 (SMRF)

Sa
= 2.50
g
ZISa
Ahx= (IS 1893:2000 clause 6.4.2)
2Rg
0.36 1
= × ×2.50
2 5
= 0.09

For, (Ta)y=0.423 s
For medium soil,
Sa
= 2.50
g
ZISa
Ahy= (IS 1893:2000 clause 6.4.2)
2Rg
0.36 1
= × ×2.50
2 5
= 0.09
Calculation of base shear and design lateral force
Seismic Base Shear

Vb=Ah×W
Here, W=3981.183+5543.775* 6 = 37243.833 KN
( Since,W=dead load + imposed load and imposed load for roof is nil)

(Vb )x = (A h )x  W
= 0.09  37243.833 = 3351.945 KN
(Vb )y = (A h )y  W
= 0.09  37243.833 = 3351.945 KN

Page 27
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

Hei Qi=VB Qi=VB Storey Storey

ght (Wi x (Wi x Force Force
Seism 2 2
fro Hi ) / Hi ) / (KN) (KN)
ic
Dead Live m Σ(Wi x Σ(Wi x = A = A
S. Stor Weig (Wi x
Load Load Bas Hi2 ) Hi2 ) *Wi *Wi
N ey ht Hi2 )
(KN) (KN) e (through (through (throu (throu
(Wi)
Lev x- y- gh x- gh y-
(KN)
el directio directio directi directi Rem
(Hi) n) n) on) on) ark

3981. 545. 3981. 1755701 913.880 913.880 358.3 358.3

1 Top 183 159 183 21 .83 4536 4536 06 06
5543. 701. 5719. 1852966 964.509 964.509 514.7 514.7
2 6 775 036 034 18 .983 0513 0513 13 13
5543. 701. 5719. 1286782 669.797 669.797 514.7 514.7
3 5 775 036 034 15 .627 9523 9523 13 13
5543. 701. 5719. 823540. 428.670 428.670 514.7 514.7
4 4 775 036 034 12 881 6895 6895 13 13
5543. 701. 5719. 463241. 241.127 241.127 514.7 514.7
5 3 775 036 034 9 745 2628 2628 13 13
5543. 701. 5719. 205885. 107.167 107.167 514.7 514.7
6 2 775 036 034 6 220 6724 6724 13 13
5543. 701. 5719. 51471.3 26.7919 26.7919 514.7 514.7
7 1 775 036 034 3 05 1809 1809 13 13
Bott 5543. 701. 5719. 514.7 514.7
8 om 775 036 034 0 0 0 0 13 13
3351.94 3351.94
Σ= 5 5

Ajay Kumar Yadav(380240), Kabita Kumari Yadav(380254)

Rabbu Kumar Mandal(380260),Saroj Kumar Thakur(380271) Page 27
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

2.9. DETERMINATION OF CENTRE OF MASS AND STIFFNESS

CENTRE OF MASS
For terrace (In X- direction)

Grid Weight Weight Weight Total Space*

S.N Line of beams of slab of walls Live load weight space Total wt.
1 1-1 33.146 33.031 64.244 10.731 141.152 0.000 0.000
2 2-2 74.865 133.713 39.874 32.711 281.163 2.134 600.001
3 3-3 74.865 150.071 62.027 50.229 337.192 7.011 2364.055
4 4-4 42.863 70.676 14.398 39.711 167.648 10.770 1805.573
5 5-5 42.863 70.676 14.398 39.711 167.648 15.113 2533.670
6 6-6 74.865 150.071 62.027 50.229 337.192 18.872 6363.492
7 7-7 74.865 133.713 39.874 32.711 281.163 23.749 6677.331
8 8-8 33.146 33.031 64.244 10.731 141.152 25.883 3653.439
Σ= 1854.311 23997.561
0×141.152+2.134×281.163+7.011×337.192+10.77×167.648+15.113×167.648+
Cmx=
1
+18.872 × 337.192 + 23.749 × 281.163 + 25.883 × 141.152
1854.311
S. Grid Weight Weight wt of Weight Partiti Live Total spa Space*
N Line of beams of slab column of walls on wall load weight ce Total wt.
14.3 247.2 0.0
1 1-1 33.146 35.742 27.000 128.488 8.585 06 67 00 0.000
144.69 104.25 43.6 481.9 2.1 1028.41
2 2-2 74.865 0 0 79.747 34.754 14 20 34 8
157.63 104.25 66.9 567.9 7.0 3981.96
3 3-3 74.865 5 0 124.054 40.183 72 59 11 4
10.
49.3 290.6 77 3130.18
4 4-4 42.863 76.478 74.813 28.797 18.369 19 39 0 0
S Weight wt of Partiti Total sp Space*
. Grid of Weight colum Weight on Live weigh ac Total
N Line beams of slab ns of walls wall load t e wt.
15.
49.3 290.6 11 4392.42
5 5-5 42.863 76.478 74.813 28.797 18.369 19 39 3 4
18.
157.63 104.25 66.9 567.9 87 10718.5
6 6-6 74.865 5 0 124.054 40.183 72 59 2 32
23.
144.69 104.25 43.6 481.9 74 11445.1
7 7-7 74.865 0 0 79.747 34.754 14 20 9 24

Ajay Kumar Yadav(380240), Kabita Kumari Yadav(380254)

Rabbu Kumar Mandal(380260),Saroj Kumar Thakur(380271) Page 28
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

25.
14.3 247.2 88 6400.01
8 8-8 33.146 35.742 27.000 128.488 8.585 06 67 3 5
3175. 41096.6
Σ= 57 56

23997.561
=
1854.311
.˙. Cmx = 12.942 m
For intermediate

0×247.267+2.134×481.920+7.011×567.959+10.77×290.639+15.113×290.639
Cmx=
1
+18.872 × 567.959 + 23.749 × 481.920 + 25.883 × 247.267
3175.571
41096.656
=
3175.57
.˙. Cmx = 12.942 m
In Y- direction
For terrace

Grid Weight Weight Weight Total Space*

S.N Line of beams of slab of walls Live load weight space Total wt.
1 A-A 36.578 50.576 70.895 16.431 174.480 0.000 0.000
2 B-B 52.583 116.008 31.021 37.689 237.301 3.505 831.740
3 C-C 97.061 152.980 31.021 49.701 330.763 8.534 2822.731
4 D-D 97.061 204.411 31.021 87.311 419.804 14.173 5949.881
5 E-E 97.061 177.761 31.021 73.065 378.908 17.983 6813.901
6 F-F 64.770 60.898 125.537 14.198 265.403 19.964 5298.510
Σ= 1806.658 21716.761

Cmy=
0×174.480+3.505×237.301+8.534×330.763+14.173×419.804+17.983×378.908+19.964×265.403
1806.658
21716.761
=
1806.658
.˙. Cmy = 11.911 m

Ajay Kumar Yadav(380240), Kabita Kumari Yadav(380254)

Rabbu Kumar Mandal(380260),Saroj Kumar Thakur(380271) Page 29
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074
S. Colum Ixx IYY
Size Xg Yg Remark
N n/ Stiffness *Xg *Yg

For intermediate
Weigh Weigh wt of Weigh Total
S. Grid t of t of column t of Partitio Live weigh spac Space*
N Line beams slab s walls n wall load t e Total wt.
54.72 27.00 13.1 0.00
1 A-A 36.578 8 0 141.789 46 21.908 295.149 0 0.000
125.5 104.2 30.1 3.50
2 B-B 52.583 32 50 62.042 52 50.252 424.811 5 1488.962
165.5 149.6 39.7 8.53
3 C-C 97.061 38 25 62.042 60 66.268 580.294 4 4952.227
221.1 149.6 53.1 107.12 14.1
4 D-D 97.061 91 25 62.042 27 5 690.171 73 9781.790
192.3 149.6 46.1 17.9
5 E-E 97.061 55 25 62.042 01 88.131 635.315 83 11424.866
65.89 27.00 15.8 19.9
6 F-F 64.770 8 0 251.074 28 18.930 443.500 64 8854.043
3069.24
Σ= 0 36501.888

Cmy=
0 × 295.149 + 3.505 × 424.811 + 8.534 × 580.294 + 14.173 × 690.171 + 17.983 × 635.315 + 19.964 × 443.5
3069.240
36501.888
=
3069.240
.˙. Cmy = 11.893 m

CENTRE OF STIFFNES

Ajay Kumar Yadav(380240), Kabita Kumari Yadav(380254)

Rabbu Kumar Mandal(380260),Saroj Kumar Thakur(380271) Page 30
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

Shear
Wall Ixx Iyy
ID B D (BD3/12 (DB3/12
) )

1 C2A 0.3 0.3 0.00125 0.00125 2.13 0.002 0.000

5 5 1 1 4 0 669 000

2 C3A 0.3 0.3 0.00125 0.00125 7.01 0.008 0.000

5 5 1 1 1 0 767 000

3 C6A 0.3 0.3 0.00125 0.00125 18.8 0.023 0.000

5 5 1 1 72 0 600 000

4 C7A 0.3 0.3 0.00125 0.00125 23.7 0.029 0.000

5 5 1 1 49 0 699 000

5 C1B 0.3 0.3 0.00125 0.00125 3.5 0.000 0.004

5 5 1 1 0 05 000 383

Colum
Size Stiffness
n/
S. Ixx IYY
Shear Xg Yg Remark
N *Xg *Yg
Wall Ixx Iyy
ID B D (BD3/12 (DB3/12
) )

6 C2B 0.5 0.5 0.00762 0.00762 2.13 3.5 0.016 0.026

5 5 6 6 4 05 273 727

7 C3B 0.5 0.5 0.00762 0.00762 7.01 3.5 0.053 0.026

5 5 6 6 1 05 463 727

8 C6B 0.5 0.5 0.00762 0.00762 18.8 3.5 0.143 0.026

5 5 6 6 72 05 909 727

9 C7B 0.5 0.5 0.00762 0.00762 23.7 3.5 0.181 0.026

5 5 6 6 49 05 098 727
1 0.3 0.3 0.00125 0.00125 25.8 3.5 0.032 0.004
C8B
0 5 5 1 1 83 05 367 383
1 0.3 0.3 0.00125 0.00125 8.5 0.000 0.010
C1C
1 5 5 1 1 0 34 000 672
1 0.5 0.5 0.00762 0.00762 2.13 8.5 0.016 0.065
C2C
2 5 5 6 6 4 34 273 076
1 0.5 0.5 0.00762 0.00762 7.01 8.5 0.053 0.065
C3C
3 5 5 6 6 1 34 463 076
1 0.5 0.5 0.00762 0.00762 10.7 8.5 0.082 0.065
C4C
4 5 5 6 6 7 34 127 076

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1 0.5 0.5 0.00762 0.00762 15.1 8.5 0.115 0.065

C5C
5 5 5 6 6 13 34 244 076
1 0.5 0.5 0.00762 0.00762 18.8 8.5 0.143 0.065
C6C
6 5 5 6 6 72 34 909 076
1 0.5 0.5 0.00762 0.00762 23.7 8.5 0.181 0.065
C7C
7 5 5 6 6 49 34 098 076

1
C8C
8
0.3 0.3 0.00125 0.00125 25.8 8.5 0.032 0.010
5 5 1 1 83 34 367 672
1 0.3 0.3 0.00125 0.00125 14. 0.000 0.017
C1D
9 5 5 1 1 0 17 000 724
2 0.5 0.5 0.00762 0.00762 2.13 14. 0.016 0.108
C2D
0 5 5 6 6 4 17 273 077
2 0.5 0.5 0.00762 0.00762 7.01 14. 0.053 0.108
C3D
1 5 5 6 6 1 17 463 077
2 0.5 0.5 0.00762 0.00762 10.7 14. 0.082 0.108
C4D
2 5 5 6 6 7 17 127 077
2 0.5 0.5 0.00762 0.00762 15.1 14. 0.115 0.108
C5D
3 5 5 6 6 13 17 244 077
2 0.5 0.5 0.00762 0.00762 18.8 14. 0.143 0.108
C6D
4 5 5 6 6 72 17 909 077
2 0.5 0.5 0.00762 0.00762 23.7 14. 0.181 0.108
C7D
5 5 5 6 6 49 17 098 077
2 0.3 0.3 0.00125 0.00125 25.8 14. 0.032 0.017
C8D
6 5 5 1 1 83 17 367 724
2 0.3 0.3 0.00125 0.00125 17. 0.000 0.022
C1E
7 5 5 1 1 0 98 000 488
2 0.5 0.5 0.00762 0.00762 2.13 17. 0.016 0.137
C2E
8 5 5 6 6 4 98 273 130
2 0.5 0.5 0.00762 0.00762 7.01 17. 0.053 0.137
C3E
9 5 5 6 6 1 98 463 130
3 0.5 0.5 0.00762 0.00762 10.7 17. 0.082 0.137
C4E
0 5 5 6 6 7 98 127 130
3 0.5 0.5 0.00762 0.00762 15.1 17. 0.115 0.137
C5E
1 5 5 6 6 13 98 244 130

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3 0.5 0.5 0.00762 0.00762 18.8 17. 0.143 0.137

C6E
2 5 5 6 6 72 98 909 130
3 0.5 0.5 0.00762 0.00762 23.7 17. 0.181 0.137
C7E
3 5 5 6 6 49 98 098 130
3 0.3 0.3 0.00125 0.00125 25.8 17. 0.032 0.022
C8E
4 5 5 1 1 83 98 367 488
3 0.3 0.3 0.00125 0.00125 2.13 19. 0.002 0.024
C2F
5 5 5 1 1 4 96 669 965
3 0.3 0.3 0.00125 0.00125 7.01 19. 0.008 0.024
C3F
6 5 5 1 1 1 96 767 965
3 0.3 0.3 0.00125 0.00125 10.7 19. 0.013 0.024
C4F
7 5 5 1 1 7 96 468 965

3
C5F
8
0.3 0.3 0.00125 0.00125 15.1 19. 0.018 0.024
5 5 1 1 13 96 899 965
3 0.3 0.3 0.00125 0.00125 18.8 19. 0.023 0.024
C6F
9 5 5 1 1 72 96 600 965
4 0.3 0.3 0.00125 0.00125 23.7 19. 0.029 0.024
C7F
0 5 5 1 1 49 96 699 965

Σ 0.19027 0.19027 2.462 2.228

1 1 390 930

2.462390
.˙.Crx = = 12.942
0.190271
2.228930
.˙.Cry = = 11.715
0.190271
[Link] of eccentricity

For terrace, Eccentricity through X-axis = | Cmx - Crx | = 0

For intermediate, Eccentricity through X-axis = | Cmx - Crx | = 0

For terrace , Eccentricity through Y-axis = | Cmy - Cry | = 0.196

For intermediate, Eccentricity through Y-axis = | Cmy - Cry | = 0.178These eccentricities
were with in the permissible limit i.e. 5% of its lateral dimensions. Hence we have not to
locate the extra shear wall to minimize the eccentricities.

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3.0 ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE

3.1. ANALYSIS OF VERTICAL LOADS
An Approximate method used for analyzing such reinforced concrete members is to use a
substitute frame model. A substitute frame consists of beams at a given floor level together
with columns above and below with their far end fixed. The arrangement of live loads to
cause maximum effect at a given section is equally applicable here.
3.2. ANALYSIS FOR LATERAL LOADS
A building should be carefully designed for lateral forces because not only buildings must
have sufficient lateral resistance to prevent overturning, hence failure, but they also must
have sufficient lateral resistance to deflections so as satisfy the limit state of serviceability.
Approximate analysis of buildings frames can be carried out by portal method. The portal
method is supposed to be satisfactory for most buildings up to about 25 storeys.
3.3. ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE BY COMPUTER SOFTWARE
SAP2000
Structure Analysis Program is a computer program for analysis of structure. Various method
of analysis is available in SAP and we have adopted Linear Static Method of structure
analysis.
Frame and loads are derived from idealized frame, idealized load and calculated earthquake
load as lateral load. Materials used in the column concrete and beam concrete were defined
with their corresponding unit weight and stress as 25 Mpa and 20 Mpa respectively.
Frame section properties were also defined as per the preliminary design with their
dimensions. Also, area sections for slab was defined. Load pattern and combination was
defined. For the dynamic analysis of the building we define the response spectrum function
with soil type II, function damping ratio 0.05 having seismic zone factor [Link] the graph of
function there was the maximum value of 0.9 , z takes value of 0.36.
After all assignment of loads then the model was run. Analyzed result was derived in excel.
From the selection of Load cases, shear force and moment were taken for the analysis of
column and beam.
3.4 MODAL PARTICIPATING MASS RATIOS
Modal participation factor of mode k of vibration is the amount by which mode k contributes
to the overall vibration of the structure under horizontal and vertical earthquake ground
motions. Since the amplitudes of 95 percent mode shapes can be scaled arbitrarily, the value
of this factor depends on the scaling used for mode shapes.

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TABLE: Modal Participating Mass

Ratios
Output Step Step
Case Type Num Period UX UY UZ SumUX SumUY
Unitles
Text Text s Sec Unitless Unitless Unitless Unitless Unitless
MODA Mod 0.97531 0.8081
L e 1 7 0 0.80817 4.336E-07 0 7
MODA Mod 0.39760 0.8081
L e 2 2 0.80086 0 0 0.80086 7
MODA Mod 0.8081
L e 3 0.38878 0.01061 0 0 0.81147 7
MODA Mod 0.32251 0.00000447 0.9189
L e 4 9 1.527E-17 0.1108 7 0.81147 6
MODA Mod 0.22069 2.915E- 0.9189
L e 5 2 0.10735 18 2.508E-17 0.91882 6
MODA Mod 0.21732 1.498E- 0.9189
L e 6 8 0.00149 17 2.281E-17 0.92032 6
MODA Mod 0.18980 0.00000502 0.9587
L e 7 5 1.391E-15 0.03975 2 0.92032 1
MODA Mod 0.14879 0.9587
L e 8 6 0.03854 3.91E-15 1.888E-14 0.95886 1
MODA Mod 0.14741 0.9587
L e 9 1 0.0008 1.25E-15 2.931E-15 0.95966 1
MODA Mod 0.13500 0.9799
L e 10 8 6.452E-15 0.02123 0.0000874 0.95966 4
MODA Mod 0.12611 2.455E- 0.9799
L e 11 5 0.0198 15 8.236E-15 0.97946 4
MODA Mod 0.11345 4.151E- 0.9799
L e 12 6 0.00107 14 1.104E-13 0.98053 4

SOME FIGURES OF MODEL AND OUTPUT IN SAP

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

Figure:3D-Modelling

Figure: Bending Moment Diagram

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

Figure: Shearforce Diagram

Figure: Deformed Shape

.

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

4.0 STRUCTURAL DESIGN

The structure should be designed in such a way that it fulfills the targeted requirement
throughout its life. The objective of structural design is to design such kind of building that
gives complete resonance with safety (in terms of strength ,stability and structural
integrity),adequate serviceability (in terms of deflection and crack) and economy.

It is necessary that reinforced concrete structure should satisfy the serviceability limit state,
i.e. if a section is of sufficient strength to support the design loads, there should not be
excessive deformation, deflection, cracking etc, which may affect its appearance. Safety
implies that the likelihood of (partial or total) collapse of the structure is acceptably low not
only under the normal expected loads (service load) but also under abnormal but probable
overloads (such as earthquake or extreme wind). The objective here is to minimize the
likelihood of progressive collapse.

But through the increment of design margins we can resist the problem regarding structural
failure but at the same time cost also increases with the increase in design margins for safety
and serviceability. So, considering overall economy the cost associated with increased safety
and serviceability should be weighed against the potential losses and the best cost is selected.

[Link] STATE METHOD OF DESIGN :

The limit state method of design is based on the behavior or structure at different limit state
insuring adequate safety against each limit state. The two principle limit states are the
ultimate limit state and the serviceability limit state. The ultimate limit state is reached when
the structure collapses. It requires that structure must withstand the load for which it is
designed with adequate factor of safety without collapse.

The limit state of serviceability corresponds to development of excessive deformation and

is used for checking members in which magnitude of deformation may limit the use of
structure or its components .The limit state corresponds to deflection, cracking and
vibration. It requires that the appearance, durability and of structure must not be effected by
deflection and cracking.
4.2. ASSUMPTIONS FOR FLEXURE MEMBERS :( IS 456:2000, CLAUSE 38.1)
a. Plane sections normal to the axis of the member remain plane after bending.
[Link] maximum strain in concrete at the outer most compression fiber is 0.0035
c. The relationship between the compressive stress distribution in concrete and the strain in
concrete may be assumed to be rectangle, trapezoid, parabola or any other shape which
results in prediction of strength in substantial agreement with the results of text. For design
purposes, the compressive strength of concrete in the structure shall be assumed to be 0.67
times the characteristics strength .The partial safety fact γm = 1.5 shall be applied in
addition to this .
[Link] tensile strength of concrete is ignored.

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e. The stresses in the reinforcement are derived from representative stress-strain curve for
the type of steel used. For the design purposes the partial safety factor γm = 1.15 shall be
applied.
f. The maximum strain in the tension reinforcement in the section at failure shall not be
less than:
0.002+0.87 fy/Es
Where,
fy = characteristics strength of steel
Es = modulus of elasticity of steel

4.3 ASSUMPTIONS FOR FLEXURE MEMBERS (IS 13920 :1993, CLAUSE 6.1)
These requirements apply to frame members resisting earthquake induced forces and
designed to resist flexure. These members shall satisfy the following requirements.
a) The factored axial stress on the member under earthquake loading shall not exceed
0.1 fck.
b) The member shall preferably have a width to depth ratio of more than 0.3.
c) The width of the member shall not be less than 200 mm.
d) The depth d of the member shall preferably be not more than ¼ of the clear span.

4.4 LIMIT STATE OF COLLAPSE FOR COMPRESSION : (IS 456:2000, CLAUSE 39.1)
ASSUMPTIONS:
In addition to the assumptions given above from a to e for flexure, the following shall be
assumed:
a. The maximum compressive strain in concrete in axial compression is taken as 0.002
[Link] maximum compressive strain at the highly compressed extreme fiber in concrete
subjected to axial compression and bending and when there is no tension on the section
shall be 0.0035 minus 0.75 times the strain at the least compressed extreme fiber.
[Link] OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS
A) SLAB

All the slabs are designed as two way slab as the ratio ly/lx is less than 2 ex . Since the load
plan and floor are identical all floor slabs are designed once.
Important information regarding design of slab according to IS 456:2000
1. Slab is design for 1m wide strip
2. Ast (min) = 0.12% for deformed bars (Cl.[Link])
3. Nominal Cover < 40mm ( Cl.26.4.1)
4. If Ly/Lx>2, one way slab is designed
If Ly/Lx≤2, two way slab is designed
Design step for two way restrained slab

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1. Effective depth (d) is taken from the preliminary design

2. Find out the loading
3. Bending moment is calculated according to Annex D IS 456-2000
Mux = αx wu (lx) 2
Muy = αy wu (lx) 2
[Link] for depth
Mu=0.138fckbd2
5. Find out the area of steel
Mu = 0.87fy Ast (d-(fyAst/fckb)
6. Find out the spacing for arrangement of steel
1000×π×ϕ2
Sv =
4×Ast
7. Check for development length according to Cl 26.2.1, IS 456: 2000.
8. Check for deflection according to Cl 23.2.1, IS 456:2000
9. Check for shear according to Cl [Link], IS456:2000
[Link] for corner reinforcement.
The detail calculation is given in annex

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FLOWCHART OF SLAB DESIGN

Determine factored
load w=1.5(DL+LL)
wD= 1.5DL
wL=1.5LL

Determine ratio ly/lx

No
if ly/lx <2 One way slab

Yes
Determine moment coefficient
Two way slab IS code 456, Table 12

Determine type of panel

e.g. Two adjacent cont. edge Calculate moment at mid, edge
M=MD+ML
MD= αDwlx2
Determine moment ML= αLwlx2
coefficients, IS code 456,
Table 26, e.g. long, short span,
edge, mid

Ast>Astmin
Calculate Mx=αxwlx2 =0.12%bD
My= αywlx2

Calculate area of steel Ast

M = 0.87 fYAst (d-fY Ast / fck*b)

Determine spacing of bars Sv <300mm

Sv = Abar/Agross×1000 or 3d

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DESIGN OF SLAB

Ref Step Calculations Output

Slab ID S2 One long edge discontinious
(4.877×5.029) 1 Thickness of slab and durability consideration
Clean spans
Lx=4.877 +0.3 = 5.177 m
OR
Lx=4.877 +0.13=5.007 m (whichever is minimum)
IS456:2000 .˙. Lx=5.007 m
Clause 23.2.1 Ly=5.029 +0.3 = 5.329 m D= 150
OR mm
Ly=5.029 +0.13=5.159 m (whichever is minimum)
.˙. Ly=5.159 m d = 130
mm
Shorter span
Depth (d)=
(α×β×γ×δ×λ)
4877
= = 144.29 mm
26×1×1.3×1×1
Provide D= 150 mm
And clear cover = 20mm
d = 150 – 20 = 130 mm
Since,
Ly 5.029
=
Lx 4.877
= 1.030 < 2
(Design as two way slab)

2 Design load
Self weight of slab = 0.15×25
= 3.75 KN/m2

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Floor finish = 1.246 KN/m2

____________________________________
4.996 KN/m2
Live load = 2 KN/m2

Design load = 1.5 ×(DL + LL) w=

= 1.5× (4.996 + 2) 10.494
= 10.494 KN/m2 KN/m
Considering unit length of slab
w = 10.494 KN/m
3. Moment calculation
Ly
For = 1.030
Lx
-ve BM coefficient at continuous edge
IS 456, Table 26
αx(-ve ) = 0.039
αy(-ve ) = 0.037

+ve moment at mid span

αx(+ve ) = 0.03
αy(+ve ) = 0.028

IS 456, Annex
For shorter span,
Clause D.1.0
Support Moment Mx (-ve ) = αx× w×Lx2
= 0.039×10.494×5.0072
= 10.293 KNm
Mid span moment Mx(+ve ) = αx ×w× Lx2
= 0.03 ×10.494×5.0072
= 7.766 KNm

For larger span,

Support Moment My(-ve ) =αy ×w×Lx 2

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= 0.037×10.494×5.0072
= 9.734 KNm
Mid span moment My(+ve ) = αy ×w×Lx 2
= 0.028×10.494×5.0072
= 7.366 KNm

IS 456 :2000 4 Check for depth from moment consideration

Annex G.1.1 Mmax=0.36×Fck×b×0.48×0.798×dmin2
or, Mmax=0.138×Fck×b×dmin2

Mmax 10.293×106
or, dmin=√ =√
0.138×Fck ×b 0.138×20×1000

.˙. dmin = 61.069 mm > 130 mm

.
IS 456 Clause 5 Calculation of Area of steel
[Link] Minimum area of steel (Ast,min)= 0.12 % of bD

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= 180 mm2
For shorter span,
IS 456 :2000 Area of steel at support (Top bars)
Annex G.1.1 Ast×Fy
Mx (-ve ) = 0.87 ×fy× Ast × d× (1- )
b×d×Fck

.˙. Ast(-ve) = 227.562 mm2

Providing 8 mm bars,
At1 ×b
Spacing (s) = = 220.916 mm2
At

OR
s = 3d = 3×130 = 390 mm
OR
s = 300 mm (whichever is minimum)
.˙. Minimum spacing = s= 220 mm
Area provided =228.509 mm2

Area of steel at mid span,

Ast×Fy
Mx(+ve ) = 0.87 ×fy× Ast × d× (1- )
b×d×Fck

.˙. Ast(+ve) = 170.075 mm2

Providing 8 mm bars,
At1 ×b
Spacing (s) = = 295.588 mm2
At

OR
s = 3d = 3×130 = 390 mm
IS 456 :2000 OR
Annex G.1.1 s = 300 mm (whichever is minimum)
.˙. Minimum spacing = s= 290 mm
Area provided =173.352 mm2
For longer span at support,
Area of steel may be determined as ( for longer span)
Ast×Fy
My(-ve ) = 0.87 ×fy× Ast ×(( d – d1) - ))
b×Fck

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Where d1 is diameter of bar

.˙. Ast =229.982 mm2
Providing 8 mm bars,
At1 ×b
Spacing (s) = = 218.591 mm2
At

OR
s = 3d = 3×130 = 390 mm
OR
s = 300 mm (whichever is minimum)
.˙. Minimum spacing = s= 210 mm
Area provided =239.39 mm2

For longer span at mid span,

Area of steel may be determined as ( for longer span)
Ast×Fy
My(+ve ) = 0.87 ×fy× Ast ×(( d – d1) - )
b×Fck

Where d1 is diameter of bar

.˙. Ast =172.274 mm2
At1 ×b
Spacing (s) = = 291.814 mm2
At

Providing 8 mm bars,

OR
s = 3d = 3×130 = 390 mm
OR
s = 300 mm (whichever is minimum)
.˙. Minimum spacing = s= 290 mm
Area provided = 173.352 mm2

6 Check for shear

Vu = 0.5w Lx

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= 0.5×10.494 × 5.007
= 26.272 KN
For short span,
Vu
τv = = 0.202 N/mm2
bd
For Pt = 0.176 %
τc = 0.301 N/mm2
And K = 1.3
τc 1 = K τc = 0.391 N/mm2
For M20, τcmax = 2.8 N/mm2

Hence, τv < τc < τcmax

Hence, O.K.

For longer span,

IS 456, Vu
Table 19
τv = = 0.215 N/mm2
bd
Clause [Link] For Pt = 0.179 %
τc = 0.303 N/mm2
And K = 1.3
τc 1 = K τc = 0.394 N/mm2
For M20, τcmax = 2.8 N/mm2

Hence, τv < τc < τcmax

Hence, O.K.

7 Check for deflection

Since, both ends are continuous the basic value may
be taken as 26.
fs= 0.58 fy*Ast,req / Ast,prov
= 0.58 * 415 * 01.052
= 253.263 N/mm2
Pt = 0.179 %

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Modification factor (MF) = 2

l/dmax= 52 > lx/d = 38.515 mm OK.
IS 456, Clause 8 Check for development length
26.2.1 Ld= Φ σs/1.6*4 *τbd
= Φ * 0.87 * 415/1.6*4*1.2
= 47.012 Φ
Ld< Mi/Vu + Lo
IS 456, Clause For short span,
[Link] Ld=1.3 Mi/Vu + Lo
Or, 47.012 Φ = 608.707 + 0.13
.˙. Φ = 12.95 > 8 mm OK.

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

Grade of concrete = M20 Grade of steel = Fe 415

Ref Ste Calculations Output
p
Slab ID S5 One long edge discontinious
(4.877×5.639) 1 Thickness of slab and durability consideration
Clean spans
Lx=4.877 +0.3 = 5.177 m
OR
Lx=4.877 +0.13=5.007 m (whichever is minimum)
IS456:2000 .˙. Lx=5.007 m
Clause 23.2.1 Ly=5.639 +0.3 = 5.939 m D= 150
OR mm
Ly=5.639 +0.13=5.769 m (whichever is minimum)
.˙. Ly=5.769 m d = 130
mm
Shorter span
Depth (d)=
(α×β×γ×δ×λ)
4877
= = 144.29 mm
26×1×1.3×1×1
Provide D= 150 mm
And clear cover = 20mm
d = 150 – 20 = 130 mm
Since,
Ly 5.639
=
Lx 4.877
= 1.152 < 2
(Design as two way slab)

2 Design load
Self weight of slab = 0.15×25
= 3.75 KN/m2

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Floor finish = 1.246 KN/m2

= 4.996 KN/m2

Live load = 2 KN/m2

Design load = 1.5 ×(DL + LL) w=

= 1.5× (4.996 + 2) 10.494
= 10.494 KN/m2 KN/m
Considering unit length of slab
w = 10.494 KN/m
3. Moment calculation
Ly
For = 1.152
Lx
-ve BM coefficient at continuous edge
IS 456, Table
αx(-ve ) = 0.048
26
αy(-ve ) = 0.037

+ve moment at mid span

αx(+ve ) = 0.036
αy(+ve ) = 0.028

For shorter span,

IS 456, Annex
Support Moment Mx (-ve ) = αx× w×Lx2
Clause D.1.0
=
0.048×10.494×5.0072
= 12.674 KNm
Mid span moment Mx(+ve ) = αx ×w× Lx2
= 0.036
×10.494×5.0072
= 9.506 KNm

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For larger span,

Support Moment My(-ve ) =αy ×w×Lx 2
= 0.037×10.494×5.0072
= 9.734 KNm
Mid span moment My(+ve ) = αy ×w×Lx 2
=
0.028×10.494×5.0072
= 7.366 KNm

IS 456 :2000 4 Check for depth from moment consideration

Annex G.1.1 Mmax=0.36×Fck×b×0.48×0.798×dmin2
or, Mmax=0.138×Fck×b×dmin2

Mmax 12.674×106
or, dmin=√ =√
0.138×Fck ×b 0.138×20×1000

.˙. dmin = 67.765 mm > 130 mm

IS 456 Clause 5 Calculation of Area of steel
[Link] Minimum area of steel (Ast,min)= 0.12 % of bD
= 180 mm2
For shorter span,
IS 456 :2000 Area of steel at support (Top bars)
Annex G.1.1 Ast×Fy
Mx (-ve ) = 0.87 ×fy× Ast × d× (1- )
b×d×Fck

.˙. Ast(-ve) = 228.789 mm2

Providing 8 mm bars,
At1 ×b
Spacing (s) = = 177.772 mm2
At

OR
s = 3d = 3×130 = 390 mm
OR
s = 300 mm (whichever is minimum)
.˙. Minimum spacing = s= 170 mm

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

Area provided =295.718 mm2

Area of steel at mid span,

Ast×Fy
Mx(+ve ) = 0.87 ×fy× Ast × d× (1- )
b×d×Fck

.˙. Ast(+ve) = 209.537 mm2

Providing 8 mm bars,
At1 ×b
Spacing (s) = = 239.919 mm2
At

OR
s = 3d = 3×130 = 390 mm
IS 456 :2000
OR
Annex G.1.1
s = 300 mm (whichever is minimum)
.˙. Minimum spacing = s= 230 mm
Area provided =218.574 mm2
For longer span at support,
Area of steel may be determined as ( for longer
span)
Ast×Fy
My(-ve ) = 0.87 ×fy× Ast ×(( d – d1) - ))
b×Fck

Where d1 is diameter of bar

.˙. Ast =229.982 mm2
Providing 8 mm bars,
At1 ×b
Spacing (s) = = 218.591 mm2
At

OR
s = 3d = 3×130 = 390 mm
OR
s = 300 mm (whichever is minimum)
.˙. Minimum spacing = S = 210 mm
Area provided =239.39 mm2

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For longer span at mid span,

Area of steel may be determined as ( for longer
span)
Ast×Fy
My(+ve ) = 0.87 ×fy× Ast ×(( d – d1) - )
b×Fck

Where d1 is diameter of bar

.˙. Ast =172.274 mm2
At1 ×b
Spacing (s) = = 291.814 mm2
At

Providing 8 mm bars,

OR
s = 3d = 3×130 = 390 mm
OR
s = 300 mm (whichever is minimum)
.˙. Minimum spacing = s= 290 mm
Area provided = 173.352 mm2
6 Check for shear
Vu = 0.5w Lx
= 0.5×10.494 × 5.007
= 26.272 KN
For short span,
Vu
τv = = 0.202 N/mm2
bd
For Pt = 0.227 %
τc = 0.349 N/mm2
And K = 1.3
τc 1 = K τc = 0.454 N/mm2
For M20, τcmax = 2.8 N/mm2

Hence, τv < τc < τcmax

Hence, O.K.
For longer span,

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Vu
τv = = 0.215 N/mm2
bd
IS 456,
For Pt = 0.179 %
Table 19
Clause [Link] τc = 0.303 N/mm2
And K = 1.3
τc 1 = K τc = 0.394 N/mm2
For M20, τcmax = 2.8 N/mm2

Hence, τv < τc < τcmax

Hence, O.K.

7 Check for deflection

Since, both ends are continuous the basic value
may be taken as 26.
fs= 0.58 fy*Ast,req / Ast,prov
= 0.58 * 415 * 1.052
= 253.263 N/mm2
Pt = 0.179 % (for max.)
Modification factor (MF) = 2
l/dmax= 52 > lx/d = 38.515 mm OK.
IS 456, Clause 8 Check for development length
26.2.1 Ld= Φ σs/1.6*4 *τbd
= Φ * 0.87 * 415/1.6*4*1.2
= 47.012 Φ
Ld< Mi/Vu + Lo
IS 456, Clause For short span,
[Link] Ld=1.3 Mi/Vu + Lo
Or, 47.012 Φ = 742.135 + 0.13
.˙. Φ = 15.786 > 8 mm OK.

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

Grade of concrete = M20 Grade of steel = Fe 415

Ref Ste Calculations Output
p
Slab ID S8 Interior Panel
(3.810×4.877) 1 Thickness of slab and durability consideration
Clean spans
Lx=3.810 +0.3 = 4.110 m
OR
Lx=3.810 +0.13=3.94 m (whichever is minimum)
IS456:2000 .˙. Lx=3.94 m
Clause 23.2.1 Ly=4.877 +0.3 = 5.117 m D= 150 mm
OR
Ly=4.877 +0.13=5.007 m (whichever is minimum) d = 130 mm
.˙. Ly=5.007 m

Shorter span
Depth (d)=
(α×β×γ×δ×λ)
3.940
= = 116.56 mm
26×1×1.3×1×1
Provide D= 150 mm
And clear cover = 20mm
d = 150 – 20 = 130 mm
Since,
Ly 4.877
=
Lx 3.810
= 1.271 < 2
(Design as two way slab)

2 Design load
Self weight of slab = 0.15×25
= 3.75 KN/m2
Floor finish = 1.246 KN/m2
____________________________________

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

4.996 KN/m2

Live load = 2 KN/m2

Design load = 1.5 ×(DL + LL)

= 1.5× (4.996 + 2) w = 10.494
= 10.494 KN/m2 KN/m
Considering unit length of slab
w = 10.494 KN/m
3. Moment calculation
Ly
For = 1.271
Lx
-ve BM coefficient at continuous edge
IS 456, Table
αx(-ve ) = 0.046
26
αy(-ve ) = 0.032

+ve moment at mid span

αx(+ve ) = 0.035
αy(+ve ) = 0.024

For shorter span,

IS 456, Annex
Support Moment Mx (-ve ) = αx× w×Lx2
Clause D.1.0
= 0.046×10.494×3.942
= 7.466 KNm
Mid span moment Mx(+ve ) = αx ×w× Lx2
= 0.035
×10.494×3.942
= 5.674 KNm

For larger span,

Support Moment My(-ve ) =αy ×w×Lx 2
= 0.032×10.494×3.942

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= 5.213 KNm
Mid span moment My(+ve ) = αy ×w×Lx 2
= 0.024×10.494×3.942
= 3.910 KNm

IS 456 :2000 4 Check for depth from moment consideration

Annex G.1.1 Mmax=0.36×Fck×b×0.48×0.798×dmin2
or, Mmax=0.138×Fck×b×dmin2

Mmax 7.466×106
or, dmin=√ =√
0.138×Fck ×b 0.138×20×1000

.˙. dmin = 52.011 mm > 130 mm

.
IS 456 Clause 5 Calculation of Area of steel
[Link] Minimum area of steel (Ast,min)= 0.12 % of bD
= 180 mm2
For shorter span,
IS 456 :2000 Area of steel at support (Top bars)
Annex G.1.1 Ast×Fy
Mx (-ve ) = 0.87 ×fy× Ast × d× (1- )
b×d×Fck

.˙. Ast(-ve) = 163.324 mm2

Providing 8 mm bars,

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At1 ×b
Spacing (s) = = 307.805 mm2
At

OR
s = 3d = 3×130 = 390 mm
OR
s = 300 mm (whichever is minimum)
.˙. Minimum spacing = s= 300 mm
Area provided =167.573 mm2

Area of steel at mid span,

Ast×Fy
Mx(+ve ) = 0.87 ×fy× Ast × d× (1- )
b×d×Fck

.˙. Ast(+ve) = 123.314 mm2

Providing 8 mm bars,
At1 ×b
Spacing (s) = = 407.675 mm2
At

OR
IS 456 :2000
s = 3d = 3×130 = 390 mm
Annex G.1.1
OR
s = 300 mm (whichever is minimum)
.˙. Minimum spacing = s= 300 mm
Area provided = 167.573 mm2
For longer span at support,
Area of steel may be determined as ( for longer
span)
Ast×Fy
My(-ve ) = 0.87 ×fy× Ast ×(( d – d1) - ))
b×Fck

Where d1 is diameter of bar

.˙. Ast =120.831 mm2
Providing 8 mm bars,
At1 ×b
Spacing (s) = = 416.052 mm2
At

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OR
s = 3d = 3×130 = 390 mm
OR
s = 300 mm (whichever is minimum)
.˙. Minimum spacing = S = 300 mm
Area provided =167.573 mm2

For longer span at mid span,

Area of steel may be determined as ( for longer
span)
Ast×Fy
My(+ve ) = 0.87 ×fy× Ast ×(( d – d1) - )
b×Fck

Where d1 is diameter of bar

.˙. Ast =90.149 mm2
At1 ×b
Spacing (s) = = 557.655 mm2
At

Providing 8 mm bars,
OR
s = 3d = 3×130 = 390 mm
OR
s = 300 mm (whichever is minimum)
.˙. Minimum spacing = s= 300 mm
Area provided = 167.573 mm2
6 Check for shear
Vu = 0.5w Lx
= 0.5×10.494 × 3.94
= 20.673 KN
For short span,
Vu
τv = = 0.159 N/mm2
bd
For Pt = 0.129 %
τc = 0.28 N/mm2
And K = 1.3

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τc 1 = K τc = 0.364 N/mm2
For M20, τcmax = 2.8 N/mm2

Hence, τv < τc < τcmax

Hence, O.K.
For longer span,
Vu
τv = = 0.169 N/mm2
bd
IS 456, For Pt = 0.137 %
Table 19 τc = 0.28 N/mm2
Clause [Link]
And K = 1.3
τc 1 = K τc = 0.364 N/mm2
For M20, τcmax = 2.8 N/mm2

Hence, τv < τc < τcmax

Hence, O.K.

7 Check for deflection

Since, both ends are continuous the basic value
may be taken as 26.
fs= 0.58 fy*Ast,req / Ast,prov
= 0.58 * 415 * 0.975
= 234.596 N/mm2
Pt = 0.137 % (for max.)
Modification factor (MF) = 2
l/dmax= 52 > lx/d = 30.308 mm OK.
IS 456, Clause 8 Check for development length
26.2.1 Ld= Φ σs/1.6*4 *τbd
= Φ * 0.87 * 415/1.6*4*1.2
= 47.012 Φ
Ld< Mi/Vu + Lo
IS 456, Clause For short span,
[Link] Ld=1.3 Mi/Vu + Lo

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Or, 47.012 Φ = 580.931 + 0.13

.˙. Φ = 12.357 > 8 mm OK.

B) BEAM
Dimension of the beam is fixed from preliminary design. Beam is designed as rectangular
beam with singly or doubly reinforced section which may be ascertained by comparing the
design moment (Mu) with moment of balanced section (Mu,lim). Design procedure of beam is
as follows.

Step1. Determination of limiting MOR

Mu,lim = 0.36fck*b*xu*(d-0.416xu)
Xu = 0.48d for Fe 415 grade of steel
For design, Mu is taken from envelope load combination from SAP2000 analysis.
If Mu > Mu,lim doubly reinforced beam section is designed
Mu < Mu,lim singly reinforced beam section is designed
Step2. Calculation of steel
For singly reinforced section:
Mu = 0.87fy*Ast(d-0.416Xu)
Ast = Mu/0.87fy (d-0.416Xu)
For doubly reinforced section:
Mu = 0.87fy*Ast1(d-0.416Xu)
Ast,1 = Mu/0.87fy (d-0.416Xu)
Additional moment,
(Mu – Mu,lim) = (fsc – fcc)*Asc*(d-d’)
Asc = Area of compressed steel
Fcc = 0.446fck (compressive stress of concrete at the level of compression
Steel)
Fsc = taken from IS 456:2000 (stressing compression steel)
So,
Asc = (Mu – Mu,lim)/((fsc-fcc)*(d-d’))
The additional area of steel is obtained by
0.87*fy*Ast2 = (fsc – fcc)Asc
Total tension steel
Ast = Ast1 + Ast2
No. Of tension steel = Ast/ (Π/4*Φ2)
No. Of compression steel = Asc/ (Π/4*Φ2)
Step3. Design for shear stirrups
Nominal shear stress in beam of uniform depth
τ uv = Vu/(d*b)
Where, Vu = Shear force obtained from SAP2000 analysis
b = breadth of member

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d = effective depth
Minimum shear reinforcement
If τ uv < τ c (from table 19 IS -456-2000)
Minimum shear reinforcement is provided.
Vertical stirrups
Shear reinforcement shall be provided to carry shear equal to
V- τ c * b*d = Vus (strength of shear reinforcement)
Spacing for shear reinforcement is calculated as,
For vertical stirrups
Sv = 0.87* fy Asv* d/Vus
Check for spacing of stirrups (Cl.[Link]. IS 456-2000)
Sv < 0.75d
< 300mm
Step4. Ductile detailing
Necessary ductile detailing is done as per IS 13920:1993

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FLOWCHART FOR BEAM DESIGN

Take maximum shear force Vu

Calculate % of steel by p= Ast/ (bd) 100

Mlim=0.133fckbd2

Calculate by
= Vu/ (bd)

From code, find

and max.
Mlim=0.133fckbd2

No
If < < τmax Provide minimum shear
reinforcement as per IS
456:2000 clause [Link]
Yes

Vus= ( - ) (bd)

Using suitable stirrup, Find spacing by

find Asv Sv= (0.87fy Asv d)/Vus

Check minimum spacing as

per IS 13920:1993 clause 7.2

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Take maximum shear force Vu

Calculate % of steel by p= Ast/ (bd) 100

Mlim=0.133fckbd2

Calculate by
= Vu/ (bd)

From code, find

and max.
Mlim=0.133fckbd2

No
If < < τmax Provide minimum shear
reinforcement as per IS
456:2000 clause [Link]
Yes

Vus= ( - ) (bd)

Using suitable stirrup, Find spacing by

find Asv Sv= (0.87fy Asv d)/Vus

Check minimum spacing as

per IS 13920:1993 clause
7.2

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DESIGN OF BEAM
Main Beam
Concrete Grade = M20 Steel Grade = Fe 415

Ref Ste Calculations Output

p
1 Known Data
Overall Depth of Beam, D= 500 mm D=500 mm
Width of Beam, B=300 mm B=300 mm
𝑑′
Assuming, = 0.6
𝐷

Effective depth, d= 470 mm d=470 mm

2 Check for Axial Stress
Factored Axial Stress = 0 N/mm2
Axial Stress = 0 N/mm2 < 0.1 fck
Hence, design as flexural member.
Check for member size
Width of beam, B=300 mm > 200mm
Depth of beam, D=500 mm
B/D = 300/500 = 0.6 > 0.3
Hence, OK
Span Length, L=3.81 m
L/D = 3.81 /.50 = 7.62 > 4 OK
3 Check for Limiting Longitudinal Reinforcement
Min. Reinforcement

fck 20
Astmin = 0.24 = 0.24
fy 415
= 2.586 x 10-3 = 0.2586%
= 0.2586 x 300 x 470 / 100 = 364.626 mm2 Astmin=364.626

Max. Reinforcement, Ast,max = 0.025bd mm2

=0.025 x 300 x 470 = 3525 mm2

4 Ast,max= 3525 mm2

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Design for Flexure

Mulim = 2.76bd2 = 2.76 x 300 x 4702 = 182.905 Mulim = 182.905KN-
KN-m m

5.
Beam ID:7 (along E,betwn 4-4 and 5-5 )
At left end
For hogging moment(-ve moment)
Mu= 226.602 x106 N-mm
Mu>Mulim Doubly Reinforced
𝐴𝑡1 ∗𝑓𝑦 Section
Mulim=0.87*fy*At1*d (1 − )
𝑏∗𝑑∗𝑓𝑐𝑘

or,182.905 ×106= 0.87*415×At1

𝐴 ∗415
𝑡1
× (1 − 300∗470∗20 ) At1= 1343.472 mm2
.˙. At1=1343.472 mm2

Mu – Mulim = 0.87 fy At2 (d – d1)

Or,43.701 x 106 = 0.87 *415 * At2 *(470 – 30) At2= 275.088 mm2
.˙. At2 = 275.088 mm2 Ast =1618.56 mm2
.˙.Ast = At1 + At2 = 1618.56 mm2
Provide 5 no. of 20 mm bar in tension.

𝛜sc = 0.0035 ( xm – d1)/ xm = 0.00303

.˙. 𝛔sc = 356.499 N/mm2

Mu – Mulim = (fsc Asc- fcc Asc) (d – d1)

Or, 43.701 x 106 = (356.499 x Asc - 0.446×20×
Asc)(470 - 30) Asc = 267.510 mm2
.˙. Asc = 267.510 mm2

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

Provide 5 no. of 20 mm bar in tension and 3

no. of 12 mm bar in compression . Astpro =
.˙.Astpro = 1838.306 mm2 1838.306mm2
.˙. Ascpro = 339.292 mm2 Ascpro = 339.292
mm2
For Sagging Moment(+ve Moment)
Mu = 106.259 x106 N-mm
Mu<Mulim
Ast∗fy
Mu=0.87fy*Ast*d (1 − )
b∗d∗fck
or, 106.259×106= 0.87*415×Ast
Ast x 415
×(1- ) Singly Reinforced
300x470x20
.˙. Ast= 697.849 mm2 Section

Provide 4 no. of 16 mm bar in tension. Ast=697.849 mm2

.˙.Astpro = 804.352 mm2 Astpro = 804.352 mm2

At Mid Span
Mu = 56.284 x106 N-mm
Mu<Mulim Singly Reinforced

Ast∗fy Section
Mu=0.87fy*Ast*d (1 − )
b∗d∗fck
or, 56.284 ×106= 0.87*415×Ast
Ast∗415
× (1 − )
300∗470∗20
.˙. Ast= 349.674 mm2
Provide no.2 of 16 mm bar in tension.
<Astmin
Ast=349.674 mm2
.˙.Astpro = 402.176 mm2
Astpro = 402.176 mm2

At Right End
For Hogging Moment (-ve moment)

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Mu= 226.606 x106 N-mm

Mu>Mulim
𝐴𝑡1 ∗𝑓𝑦
Mulim=0.87*fy*At1*d (1 − )
𝑏∗𝑑∗𝑓𝑐𝑘
Doubly Reinforced
or,182.905 ×106= 0.87*415×At1
Section
𝐴 ∗415
𝑡1
× (1 − 300∗470∗20 )

.˙. At1= 1343.472 mm2

At1= 1343.472 mm2
Mu – Mulim = 0.87 fy At2 (d – d1)
Or,43.701 x 106 = 0.87 *415 * At2 *(470 – 30)
.˙. At2 = 275.088 mm2
.˙.Ast = At1 + At2 = 1618.56 mm2 At2= 275.088 mm2
Provide 7 no. of 18 mm bar in tension. Ast =1618.56 mm2

𝛜sc = 0.0035 ( xm – d1)/ xm = 0.00303

.˙. 𝛔sc = 356.499 N/mm2

Mu – Mulim = (fsc Asc- fcc Asc) (d – d1)

Or, 43.701 x 106 = (356.499 x Asc - 0.446×20×
Asc)(470 - 30)
.˙. Asc = 267.510 mm2
Provide 7 no. of 18 mm bar in tension and 3 Asc = 267.510 mm2
no. of 12 mm bar in compression .
.˙.Astpro = 1781.283 mm2
.˙. Ascpro = 339.292 mm2 Astpro =
Hence, provide 5 no of 20 mm in tension 1781.283mm2
throughout. Ascpro = 339.292
For Sagging Moment(+ve moment) mm2
Mu = 106.259 x106 N-mm

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

Mu<Mulim Singly Reinforced

Ast∗fy Section
Mu=0.87fy*Ast*d (1 − )
b∗d∗fck
or, 106.259×106= 0.87*415×Ast
Ast∗fy
×(1− )
b∗d∗fck
.˙. Ast= 697.849 mm2
Provide 4 no. of 16 mm bar in tension.
6. .˙.Astpro = 804.352 mm2 Ast=697.849 mm2
Astpro = 804.352

Check for Shear mm2

Beam ID: 7
Tensile Steel Provided at left end = 0.571%
Permissible shear stress of concrete
τc =0.483 N/mm2
Design shear strength of concrete
τcbd = 0.483x300x470 = 68.103 KN τc =0.483N/mm2

Tensile Steel Provided at mid span = 0.2852%

Permissible shear strength of concrete τcbd =68.103 KN

τc = 0.377 N/mm2
Design shear strength of concrete
τcbd = 0.377x300x470 = 53.157 KN τc =0.377 N/mm2

Tensile Steel Provided at right end = 0.571 %

Permissible shear strength of concrete τcbd =53.157 KN

 c = 0.483N/mm2

Design shear strength of concrete

τcbd = 0.483x300x470 = 68.103 KN τc =0.483 N/mm2

Calculated factored shear force as per analysis

At left end, Vu = 168.941 KN τcbd =68.103 KN

At mid span, Vu = 82.239 KN

At right end, Vu = 168.941 KN

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Spacing of stirrups
At left end, Vu = 168.941 KN
Required capacity of shear reinforcement at left
end
Vus = Vu -  cbd = 168.941 – 68.103= 100.838 KN

Assuming 2-legged 8 mm  stirrups, Asv =100.53

mm2
0.87 f y Asv d 0.87x415x100.53x470
Sv = = =
Vus 100.838x103
169.18 < 300mm
 Provide 2-legged 8mm  stirrups @ 160mm

c/c
At mid span, Vu = 82.239 KN
 Provide 2-legged 8mm  stirrups @ 300mm

c/c
At right end, Vu = 168.941 KN
Required capacity of shear reinforcement at
right end
Vus = Vu -  cbd = 168.941 – 68.103= 100.838 KN

Assuming 2-legged 8 mm  stirrups, Asv =100.53

mm2
0.87 f y Asv d 0.87x415x100.53x470
Sv = = =
Vus 100.838x103
169.18 < 300mm
 Provide 2-legged 8mm  stirrups @ 300 mm

c/c
Spacing of stirrups over a length of 2d at either
end of beam shall be lesser of Sv,2d=90 mm
i. d/4 = 470 / 4 = 117.5 mm

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ii. 8 times diameter of smallest

7. longitudinal bar = 8 x 12 = 96mm
 Provide 2-legged 8mm  @ 90 mm c/c over a Sv,mid=230mm
length of 940 mm at either end of the beam.
Spacing of stirrups at mid span should not
exceed d/2 = 235 mm
 Provide 2-legged 8mm  @ 230mm c/c at mid

span of the beam.

Chek for deflection

For, Ast,re = 1618.56 mm2
Ast,prov =1781.283 mm2
8 fs= 0.58 fy*Ast,req / Ast,prov
=0.58*415*1.1
= 264.9
P=1.19%
Modification factor = 0.9
(l/d)max = 23.4
l/d =9.24 <(l/d)max O.K

Check for development length

Ld= Φ σs/1.6*4 *τbd
9. = Φ * 0.87 * 415/1.6*4*1.2
= 47.012 Φ
Ld< Mi/Vu + Lo
For short span,
Ld=1.3 Mi/Vu + Lo
Or, 47.012 Φ = 1744 + 470
.˙. Φ = 47.09 mm > 8 mm OK. Doubly Reinforced
Section

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Beam ID:12(along E , btwn 7-7 and 8-8)

At left end
For hogging moment(-ve moment)
Mu= 200.806 x106 N-mm
Mu>Mulim At1= 1343.472 mm2
𝐴𝑡1 ∗𝑓𝑦
Mulim=0.87*fy*At1*d (1 − )
𝑏∗𝑑∗𝑓𝑐𝑘

or,182.905 ×106= 0.87*415×At1

𝐴 ∗415
𝑡1
× (1 − 300∗470∗20 ) At2= 112.682 mm2
.˙. At1=1343.472 mm2 Ast =1456.154 mm2

Mu – Mulim = 0.87 fy At2 (d – d1)

Or,17.9009 x 106 = 0.87 *415 * At2 *(470 – 30)
.˙. At2 = 112.682 mm2
.˙.Ast = At1 + At2 = 1456.154 mm2
Provide 6 no. of 18 mm bar in tension.

𝛜sc = 0.0035 ( xm – d1)/ xm = 0.00303

.˙. 𝛔sc = 356.499 N/mm2

Asc = 109.578 mm2

Mu – Mulim = (fsc Asc- fcc Asc) (d – d1) Astpro = 1526.814
Or, 17.9009 x 106 = (356.499 x Asc - 0.446×20× mm2
Asc)(470 - 30) Ascpro = 150.796
.˙. Asc = 109.578 mm2 mm2
Provide 6 no. of 18 mm bar in tension and 3
no. of 8 mm bar in compression .
.˙.Astpro = 1526.814 mm2
.˙. Ascpro = 150.796 mm2

Singly Reinforced

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For Sagging Moment(+ve Moment) Section

Mu = 156.401 x106 N-mm Ast= 1099.608 mm2
Mu<Mulim
Ast∗fy
Mu=0.87fy*Ast*d (1 − )
b∗d∗fck
Astpro = 1256.8 mm2
or, 156.401 ×106= 0.87*415×Ast
Ast x 415
×(1- )
300x470x20
.˙. Ast= 1099.608 mm2
Provide 4 no. of 20 mm bar in tension. Singly Reinforced

.˙.Astpro = 1256.8 mm2 Section

At Mid Span
Mu = 10.480 x106 N-mm
Mu<Mulim
Ast∗fy
Mu=0.87fy*Ast*d (1 − )
b∗d∗fck
or, 10.480 ×106= 0.87*415×Ast Ast= 62.342 mm2
Ast∗415 Astpro = 1256.8 mm2
× (1 − )
300∗470∗20
.˙. Ast= 62.342 mm2
Provide no.1 of 12 mm bar in tension.
Singly Reinforced
<Astmin
Section
.˙.Astpro = 1256.8 mm2

At Right End
For Hogging Moment (-ve moment)
Mu= 132.935 x106 N-mm
Mu<Mulim
Ast∗fy
Mu=0.87fy*Ast*d (1 − ) Ast= 903.519 mm2
b∗d∗fck
or, 132.935 ×106= 0.87*415×Ast Astpro = 1018.008

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Ast∗415 mm
× (1 − )
300∗470∗20
.˙. Ast= 903.519 mm2
Provide no.4 of 18 mm bar in tension.
.˙.Astpro = 1018.008 mm2
Singly Reinforced
Section
For Sagging Moment(+ve moment)
Mu = 117.82 x106 N-mm
Mu<Mulim
10.
Ast∗fy
Mu=0.87fy*Ast*d (1 − )
b∗d∗fck
or, 117.82×106= 0.87*415×Ast
Ast∗fy Ast=784.995 mm2
×(1− )
b∗d∗fck Astpro = 804.352
.˙. Ast= 784.995 mm2 mm2
Provide 4 no. of 16 mm bar in tension.
.˙.Astpro = 804.352 mm2

Check for shear

Beam ID: 12
Tensile Steel Provided at left end = 1.083%
Permissible shear stress of concrete τc =0.637 N/mm2
τc =0.637 N/mm2
Design shear strength of concrete τcbd = 89.817 KN
τcbd = 0.637x300x470 = 89.817 KN
Tensile Steel Provided at mid span = 0.0802%
Permissible shear strength of concrete τc =0.28 N/mm2
τc = 0.28 N/mm2
Design shear strength of concrete τcbd =39.48 KN
τcbd = 0.28x300x470 = 39.48 KN
Tensile Steel Provided at right end = 0.722 %

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Permissible shear strength of concrete τc =1.114N/mm2

 c = 1.114 N/mm2

Design shear strength of concrete τcbd =157.074 KN

τcbd =1.114x300x470 = 157.074KN
Calculated factored shear force as per analysis
At left end, Vu = 109.114 KN
At mid span, Vu = 139.421 KN
At right end, Vu = 172.116 KN
Spacing of stirrups
At left end, Vu = 109.114 KN
Required capacity of shear reinforcement at left
end
Vus = Vu -  cbd = 109.114 – 89.817= 19.297 KN

Assuming 2-legged 8 mm  stirrups, Asv =100.53

mm2
0.87 f y Asv d 0.87x415x100.53x470
Sv = = =
Vus 19.297x103
884.038> 300mm
 Provide 2-legged 8mm  stirrups @ 300 mm

c/c
At mid span, Vu = 39.48 KN
 Provide 2-legged 8mm  stirrups @ 300mm

c/c
At right end, Vu = 172.116 KN
Required capacity of shear reinforcement at
right end
Vus = Vu -  cbd = 172.116 – 157.074= 15.042 KN

Assuming 2-legged 8 mm  stirrups, Asv =100.53

mm2

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0.87f y A sv d 0.87x415x100.53x470
Sv = =
11.
Vus 15.042x103
=1134.11 mm >300mm
 Provide 2-legged 8mm  stirrups @ 300 mm Sv,2d=90 mm
c/c
Spacing of stirrups over a length of 2d at either
end of beam shall be lesser of
i. d/4 = 470 / 4 = 117.5 mm Sv,mid=230mm
ii. 8 times diameter of smallest
longitudinal bar = 8 x 12 = 96mm
 Provide 2-legged 8mm  @ 90 mm c/c over a

length of 940 mm at either end of the beam.

12. Spacing of stirrups at mid span should not
exceed d/2 = 235 mm
 Provide 2-legged 8mm  @ 230mm c/c at mid

span of the beam.

Chek for deflection
For, Ast,re = 1456.145mm2
Ast,prov =1526.814 mm2
fs= 0.58 fy*Ast,req / Ast,prov
=0.58*415*0.954
= 229.559
13. P=1.08%
Modification factor = 1.1
(l/d)max = 28.6
l/d =4.54 <(l/d)max O.K

Check for development length

Ld= Φ σs/1.6*4 *τbd
= Φ * 0.87 * 415/1.6*4*1.2

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= 47.012 Φ
Ld< Mi/Vu + Lo Doubly Reinforced
For short span, Section
Ld=1.3 Mi/Vu + Lo
Or, 47.012 Φ = 2390 + 470
.˙. Φ = 60 mm > 8 mm OK At1= 1343.472 mm2

Beam ID:36 ( along E btwn 2 and 3)

At left end
For hogging moment(-ve moment)
Mu= 208.11 x106 N-mm
Mu>Mulim
𝐴𝑡1 ∗𝑓𝑦
Mulim=0.87*fy*At1*d (1 − )
𝑏∗𝑑∗𝑓𝑐𝑘
At2= 158.661 mm2
or,182.905 ×106= 0.87*415×At1
Ast =1502.133 mm2
𝐴 ∗415
𝑡1
× (1 − 300∗470∗20 )

.˙. At1=1343.472 mm2

Mu – Mulim = 0.87 fy At2 (d – d1)

Or,25.205 x 106 = 0.87 *415 * At2 *(470 – 30)
.˙. At2 = 158.661 mm2
.˙.Ast = At1 + At2 = 1502.133 mm2
Provide 6 no. of 18 mm bar in tension.
.˙.Astpro = 1407.616 N/mm2

𝛜sc = 0.0035 ( xm – d1)/ xm = 0.00303 Asc = 267.510 mm2

.˙. 𝛔sc = 356.499 N/mm2

Astpro =
Mu – Mulim = (fsc Asc- fcc Asc) (d – d1) 1781.283mm2
Or, 25.205 x 106 = (356.499 x Asc - 0.446×20× Ascpro = 339.292

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Asc)(470 - 30) mm2

.˙. Asc = 154.29 mm2
Provide 6 no. of 18 mm bar in tension and 2
no. of 12 mm bar in compression . Singly Reinforced
.˙.Astpro = 1526.814 mm2 Section
.˙. Ascpro = 226.195mm2 Ast=611.827 mm2
Astpro = 628.4 mm2
For Sagging Moment(+ve Moment)
Mu = 94.475 x106 N-mm
Mu<Mulim
Ast∗fy
Mu=0.87fy*Ast*d (1 − )
b∗d∗fck
or, 94.475×106= 0.87*415×Ast
Singly Reinforced
Ast x 415
×(1- ) Section
300x470x20
.˙. Ast= 611.827 mm2
Provide 2 no. of 20 mm bar in tension.
.˙.Astpro = 628.4 mm2

At Mid Span
Mu = 47.719 x106 N-mm
Mu<Mulim Ast=293.92 mm2

Ast∗fy Astpro = 339.336 mm2

Mu=0.87fy*Ast*d (1 − )
b∗d∗fck
or, 47.719 ×106= 0.87*415×Ast
Ast∗415
× (1 − )
300∗470∗20
.˙. Ast= 293.92 mm2
Provide no.3 of 12 mm bar in tension.
Doubly Reinforced
<Astmin
Section
.˙.Astpro = 339.336 mm2

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At Right End
For Hogging Moment (-ve moment) At1= 1343.472 mm2
Mu= 206.678 x106 N-mm
Mu>Mulim
𝐴𝑡1 ∗𝑓𝑦
Mulim=0.87*fy*At1*d (1 − )
𝑏∗𝑑∗𝑓𝑐𝑘
At2= 149.639 mm2
or,182.905 ×106= 0.87*415×At1
Ast =1493.111 mm2
𝐴 ∗415
𝑡1
× (1 − 300∗470∗20 )

.˙. At1= 1343.472 mm2

Mu – Mulim = 0.87 fy At2 (d – d1)

Or,23.772 x 106 = 0.87 *415 * At2 *(470 – 30)
.˙. At2 = 149.639 mm2
.˙.Ast = At1 + At2 = 1493.111 mm2
Provide 6 no. of 18 mm bar in tension.

𝛜sc = 0.0035 ( xm – d1)/ xm = 0.00303 Asc = 267.510 mm2

Astpro =
.˙. 𝛔sc = 356.499 N/mm2
1781.283mm2
Mu – Mulim = (fsc Asc- fcc Asc) (d – d1)
Ascpro = 339.292
Or, 23.772 x 106 = (356.499 x Asc - 0.446×20×
mm2
Asc)(470 - 30)
.˙. Asc = 145.519 mm2
Singly Reinforced
Provide 6 no. of 18 mm bar in tension and 2
Section
no. of 12 mm bar in compression .
.˙.Astpro = 1526.814 mm2
14
.˙. Ascpro = 226.195 mm2

For Sagging Moment(+ve moment)

Ast=697.849 mm2
Mu = 90.384 x106 N-mm
Astpro = 804.352
Mu<Mulim

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Ast∗fy mm2
Mu=0.87fy*Ast*d (1 − )
b∗d∗fck
or, 90.384×106= 0.87*415×Ast
Ast∗fy
×(1− )
b∗d∗fck
.˙. Ast= 697.849 mm2
Provide 4 no. of 16 mm bar in tension.
.˙.Astpro = 804.352 mm2
Check for shear:
Beam ID: 36
Tensile Steel Provided at left end = 01.083% τc =0.637 N/mm2

Permissible shear stress of concrete

τc =0.637 N/mm2 τcbd =94.845KN

Design shear strength of concrete

τcbd = 0.637 x300x470 = 89.817 KN
Tensile Steel Provided at mid span = 0.24% τc =0.394 N/mm2

Permissible shear strength of concrete

τc = 0.394 N/mm2 τcbd =55.558KN

Design shear strength of concrete

τcbd = 0.394x300x470 = 55.558 KN τc =0.637 N/mm2

Tensile Steel Provided at right end = 0.998 %

Permissible shear strength of concrete τcbd =89.817KN

 c = 0.637 N/mm2

Design shear strength of concrete

τcbd = 0.637 x300x470 = 89.817 KN
Calculated factored shear force as per analysis
At left end, Vu = 139.072 KN
At mid span, Vu = 53.862 KN
At right end, Vu = 139.072 KN
Spacing of stirrups
At left end, Vu = 139.072 KN

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Required capacity of shear reinforcement at left

end
Vus = Vu -  cbd = 139.072 – 89.817= 49.244 KN

Assuming 2-legged 8 mm  stirrups, Asv =100.53

mm2
0.87 f y Asv d 0.87x415x100.53x470
Sv = = =
Vus 49.224x103
346.564 > 300mm
 Provide 2-legged 8mm  stirrups @ 300 mm

c/c
At mid span, Vu = 53.862 KN
 Provide 2-legged 8mm  stirrups @ 300mm

c/c
At right end, Vu = 139.072 KN
Required capacity of shear reinforcement at
right end
Vus = Vu -  cbd = = 139.072 – 89.817= 49.244 KN
15.
Assuming 2-legged 8 mm  stirrups, Asv =100.53

mm2
0.87 f y Asv d 0.87x415x100.53x470
Sv = = =
Vus 49.224x103
Sv,2d=90mm
346.564 >300mm
 Provide 2-legged 8mm  stirrups @ 300 mm

c/c Sv,mid=230mm
Spacing of stirrups over a length of 2d at either
end of beam shall be lesser of
i. d/4 = 470 / 4 = 117.5 mm

16. ii. 8 times diameter of smallest

longitudinal bar = 8 x 12 = 96mm

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 Provide 2-legged 8mm  @ 90 mm c/c over a

length of 940 mm at either end of the beam.

Spacing of stirrups at mid span should not
exceed d/2 = 235 mm
 Provide 2-legged 8mm  @ 230mm c/c at mid

span of the beam.

Check for deflection
For, Ast,re = 1502.133mm2
Ast,prov =1526.814 mm2
fs= 0.58 fy*Ast,req / Ast,prov
=0.58*415*0.984
= 264.9
P=1.19%
Modification factor = 0.9
(l/d)max = 23.4
l/d =10.38 <(l/d)max O.K
Check for development length
Ld= Φ σs/1.6*4 *τbd
= Φ * 0.87 * 415/1.6*4*1.2
= 47.012 Φ
Ld< Mi/Vu + Lo
For short span,
Ld=1.3 Mi/Vu + Lo
Or, 47.012 Φ = 1900 + 470
.˙. Φ = 51.377mm > 8 mm Ok

C) COLUMN

Columns are designed as bi-axial load. The column is checked whether it is long or short
by using the provision in IS 456:2000(Cl.25.1.2) though the column results into short, the

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moment due to eccentricity is considered. Columns are designed according to Design Aid
for reinforcement Concrete SP 16:1980 and tie bars are arranged by IS
456:2000(Cl.[Link])and in joins we provide special provisions for ductile detailing.
Design procedure for column according to SP 16 is as follows:
Step1. Load
Axial load Pu is obtained from SAP2000 analysis.
Bending moments are obtained from SAP2000 analysis.

Step2. Calculation of percentage of steel

For steel grade fy = 415 N/mm2 ,fck= 25Mpa
Calculate Pu/fck*b*d
Mu/fck*b*d2
For d’/D referring to charts of SP16
Find out P/fck
Find percentage of steel, P

Step3. Calculation of number of longitudinal steel

No. = Ast/ (Π/4* Φ12)

Step4. Calculation of lateral ties

Diameter of ties = Φ1/4

Step5. Spacing of ties

The spacing of ties is calculated as per IS 456:2000

Step6. Ductile detailing

Necessary ductile detailing is done as per IS 13920:1993
The detail calculation is given in annex

The detail calculation is given in annex

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FLOW CHART FOR COLUMN DESIGN

Select Maximum
Mu= /M2/ + /M3/
Mux = /M2/
Muy = /M3/

Take corresponding
axial load (Pu)

Calculate minimum
eccentricity ex and ey

Calculate moment due to

minimum eccentricity by Muxe =
Pu × ey and
Muye = Pu × ex C
Take,
Mux = Max. of Mux and Muxe Calculate Pu/Puz
Muy = Max. of Muy and Muye

Determine αn from
Design as biaxial bending table from Pu/Puz and
αn
Assume d’ and find
ratio
If (Mux/Mux1) αn + (Mux/Mux1) αn
d’/D
>1
Assume suitable Asc
and find p = Asc/(B×D)
Yes
No
IncreaseAsc (steel
Calulate the ratios reinforcement) and find
Pu/(fck×BD) and p/fck p.

Determine Muxl, Muyl using

appropriate chart from SP-16 The assumed reinforcement is
with ratios p/fck, d’/D and Pu/ OK.
(fck×BD)

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DESIGN OF COLUMN
Concrete Grade = M25

Reference Ste Calculations Output

p
Column ID: 490 (along B-2)
Known data:
Overall Depth of Column, D = 550 mm D
Width of Column, b =550 mm =550mm
Height, L = 3 m B
Effective Height = 0.65 x 3 =1.95 m =550mm
So, effective cover, d’= 0.1D =55 mm(in X-direction) L = 3.m
effective cover, d’= 0.1D = 55 mm(in Y-direction)
1. Limiting Longitudinal Reinforcement:
Min. Reinforcement,
= 0.8% of bD
= 0.8 x 550 x 550/100 = 2420 mm2
Max. Reinforcement, Max. Asc = 4% of bD
= 0.04 x 550 x 550 = 12100 mm2
IS 456- But in extreme case, Max. Asc = 6% of bD
2000 2. = 0.06 x 550 x 550 = 25392 mm2
cl.[Link] Design for section:
Design of column for Max. Moment(Mux):
Data from SAP analysis,
Pu= -3394.279 kN
Mx= -1.325 kNm
My= 336.792 kNm
Minimum eccentricity
IS 456:2000, 3. emin =
3000
+
550
= 24.33 mm or , 20 mm
500 30
cl.25.4
ex = 24.33 mm
ey= 24.33 mm
IS 456:2000
Muex= 82.582 kNm

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cl.25.4 Muey= 82.582 kNm

Assume,
𝑃 Mux =
= 0.08
𝑓𝑐𝑘
1.325
p = 2%
kNm
Ast = 6050 mm2
SP16
Provide 16 no. of 22 mm dia bar,
Chart 44 Muy =
Area provided = 6082.123 mm2
336.792
Hence, p=2.011%
kNm
Astpro =
From Chart 44,
𝑃𝑢
6082.123
= 0.449
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷 mm2
p = 0.8%
𝑀𝑢
= 0.13
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷 2

Pu=0.45*fck*Ac+0.75*fy*Asc
=0.45*25000*0.55*0.55*0.9799+0.75*415000*0.0201
1*0.55*0.55
IS 456:2000 =5198.466 kN
cl.39.6 𝑃𝑢
= 0.653
𝑃𝑢𝑧

𝛼n= 1.756
n n
 M ux  M  Mux1=
  +  uy  1
M 
 M uxl   uy1  540.718
kNm
(0.153)1.756 + (0.623)
1.756
1
Muy1=
i.e. 0.473<1 .O.K
540.718
Design for Shear:
IS 456:2000 kNm
Percentage of steel provided= 2.052 %
cl.39.6 𝛼n=1.756
Design Shear Strength of concrete,
 c = 0.794 N / mm 2
Considering lowest, Pu = -1040.199 KN
For members subjected to axial compression Pu , the

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

design shear strength of concrete τc , shall be

multiplied by the following factor:
3 x Pu
δ = 1+ ≤ 1.5
A g x f ck

3 * 1040.199 * 1000
= 1+ = 1.412  1.5, ok
302500* 25
IS 456:2000 Multiplying factor, δ = 1.412
table 19 Actual,  c = 1.412 * 0.794 = 1.121Mpa

Shear capacity of the section,

Vc= 1.121*550*550/1000 = 339.141 KN
Shear force as per SAP analysis
IS 456:2000 Vux = 130.155 KN
cl. 40.2.2 Vuy = -9.509 KN Act.

Hence, the shear capacity of the column section τc=1.121

exceeds the induced shear force. So, shear Mpa

reinforcement is not required.

Design of Lateral Ties: Max.
IS 456:2000 Diameter of ties: among all
cl øt ≥ not less than 6mm load
[Link].c.2 ≥ 0.25*maximum diameter of longitudinal combinati

reinforcement on

= 0.25*22 =5.5 mm
Hence, øt = 6 mm
The diameter of ties is also governed by special
confining reinforcement.
Spacing of the ties:
Sv ≤ least lateral dimension of the compression
member(550mm)
≤ sixteen times the smallest diameter of longitudinal
IS reinforcement bar to be tied
13920:1993 ≤300mm
cl.7.4.8 Area of cross-section of bar forming rectangular hoop

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

to be used as confining links

f ck  Ag 
A sh = 0.18 S h  
fy  A − 1
 k 

Ak = (550 -2 x 55 + 2 x 8)x(550 -2 x 55 + 2 x 8)
=207936 mm2
475 / 2 = 237.5 mm 
h= Max of  
475 / 2 = 237.5mm 
= 238 mm
25  550x550 
Therefore, Ash = 0.18 x 100 x 238x  − 1
415  207936  Ak =
IS = 117.364 mm2 207936
13920:1993 Spacing of hoop should be least of mm2
cl.7.4.6  1 of min imum Lateral Dimension = 550 = 137.5
 4 4 
100 mm 

but need not be less than 75 mm

Provide 12 mm ø links @ 100 mm c/c for a distance Lo
IS
which shall not be less than
13920:1993
cl.7.4.1  L arg er Lateral Dimension= 550mm
1 
 6 of Clear Span = 3 6 = 500mm 
 
450 mm 
Hence, Provide 12 mm ø links @ 100 mm c/c for a
distance
Lo = 550 mm on either side from the joint. Lo = 550
For uniformity, use 12mm ø throughout the column as mm
lateral ties. 12 mm ø
links @
100 mm
c/c

Reference Ste Calculations Output

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

p
Column ID: 547(along C – 8)
Known data:
Overall Depth of Column, D = 350 mm D =350mm
Width of Column, b =350 mm B =350mm
Height, L = 3 m L = 3.m
Effective Height = 0.65 x 3 =1.95 m
So, effective cover, d’= 0.1D =35 mm(in X-direction)
effective cover, d’= 0.1D = 35 mm(in Y-direction)
1. Limiting Longitudinal Reinforcement:
Min. Reinforcement,
= 0.8% of bD
= 0.8 x 350 x 350/100 = 980 mm2
Max. Reinforcement, Max. Asc = 4% of bD
= 0.04 x 350 x 350 = 4900 mm2
IS 456- But in extreme case, Max. Asc = 6% of bD
2000 2. = 0.06 x 350 x 350 = 7350 mm2
cl.[Link] Design for section:
Design of column for Max. Moment(Mux):
Data from SAP analysis,
Pu= -141.834 kN
Mx= 32.613 kNm
My= 12.099 kNm
Minimum eccentricity
IS 456:2000, 3. emin =
3000
+
350
= 17.67 mm or, 20 mm
500 30
cl.25.4
ex = 20 mm
ey= 20 mm
IS 456:2000 Mux
Muex= 2.837 kNm
cl.25.4 =274.915k
Muey= 2.837 kNm
Nm
Assume,
𝑃 Muy =
= 0.08
𝑓𝑐𝑘
54.909 kNm
p = 2%
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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

Ast = 2450 mm2

Provide 8 no. of 20 mm dia bar, Astpro =
Area provided = 2513.274 mm2 2513.274
Hence, p= 2.052 mm2

SP16 From Chart 44,

Chart 44 𝑃𝑢
= 0.0463
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷

p = 0.8%
IS 456:2000 𝑀𝑢
= 0.121
cl.39.6 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷 2

Puz =0.45*fck*Ac+0.75*fy*Asc

=0.45*25000*0.35*0.35*0.9795+0.75*415000*0.0205
2*0.35*0.35
=2105.164 kN
𝑃𝑢
= 0.067 Mux1=
𝑃𝑢𝑧
IS 456:2000 𝛼n= 1 140.416
cl.39.6 n n kNm
 M ux  M 
  +  uy  1 Muy1=
M 
 M uxl   uy1  140.416
(0.251) + (0.093)  1
1 1
kNm
i.e. 0.344<1 𝛼n=1

Design for Shear:

IS 456:2000 Percentage of steel provided= 2.052 %
table 19 Design Shear Strength of concrete,
 c = 0.794 N / mm 2
Considering lowest, Pu = -59.653 KN
For members subjected to axial compression Pu , the
IS 456:2000 design shear strength of concrete τc , shall be
cl. 40.2.2
multiplied by the following factor:

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3 x Pu
δ = 1+ ≤ 1.5
A g x f ck

3 * 59.653* 1000
= 1+ = 1.058  1.5, ok
122500* 25
IS 456:2000 Multiplying factor, δ = 1.058 Act.
cl Actual,  c = 1.058* 0.794 = 0.84Mpa τc=0.84
[Link].c.2 Shear capacity of the section, Mpa

Vc= 0.84*350*350/1000 = 102.906 KN

Shear force as per SAP analysis Max.

Vux = -7.635 KN among all

Vuy = 22.045KN load

Hence, the shear capacity of the column section combination

exceeds the induced shear force. So, shear

reinforcement is not required.
Design of Lateral Ties:
Diameter of ties:
IS øt ≥ not less than 6mm
13920:1993 ≥ 0.25*maximum diameter of longitudinal
cl.7.4.8 reinforcement
= 0.25*22 =5.5 mm
Hence, øt = 6 mm
The diameter of ties is also governed by special
confining reinforcement.
Spacing of the ties:
Sv ≤ least lateral dimension of the compression
member(550mm)
≤ sixteen times the smallest diameter of longitudinal
reinforcement bar to be tied
≤300mm
IS Area of cross-section of bar forming rectangular hoop
13920:1993 to be used as confining links
cl.7.4.6

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

f ck  Ag  Ak =
A sh = 0.18 S h  − 1
fy A 
 k  207936
Ak = (350 -2 x 35 + 2 x 8)x(350 -2 x 35 + 2 x 8) mm2
IS =87616 mm2
13920:1993 295 / 2 = 147.5 mm 
h= Max of  
cl.7.4.1 295 / 2 = 147.5mm 
= 148 mm
25  350x350 
Therefore, Ash = 0.18 x 80 x148x  − 1
415  87616 
= 51.116 mm2
Spacing of hoop should be least of
 1 of min imum Lateral Dimension = 350 = 87.5
 4 4 
100 mm 

but need not be less than 75 mm

Provide 12 mm ø links @ 100 mm c/c for a distance Lo
which shall not be less than
 L arg er Lateral Dimension= 350mm
1 
 6 of Clear Span = 3 6 = 500mm  Lo = 350
 
450 mm  mm
Hence, Provide 12 mm ø links @ 100 mm c/c for a 12 mm ø
distance links @ 100
Lo = 350 mm on either side from the joint. mm c/c
For uniformity, use 12mm ø throughout the column as
lateral ties.

D)FOOTING

Foundations are structural elements that transfer loads from the buildings or individuals
columns to the earth. Foundations must be designed to prevent excessive settlement or
rotation, to minimize differential settlement. Foundations are classified as:
a. Isolated footing
b. Combined footing
c. Raft or mat foundation

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

d. Pile foundation
The type of foundations to be used in a given situation depends on a number of factors,
a. Soil strata
b. Bearing capacity of soil
c. Type of structure
d. Type of loads
e. Permissible differential settlement and
f. Economy

We have designed the footing for the structure as mat footing as the allowable soil
pressure is so small that the individual footing would cover more than about one half of
the area. The raft may be rectangular or circular and may be with or without opening.
Here we adopt the shape of footing as same as the shape of our plan by increasing 300mm
from the face of column.
Design of footing is done according to code IS 456:2000

Step1. Determination of area of footing

A = Wt/SBC
Where, Wt = total weight = Service Wt + Wt of foundation
Generally weight of foundation is taken as 10% of applied load.
SBC = soil bearing capacity = 150 KN / m2
Step2. Determination of soil reaction
q = Pu /A
Where, Pu = factored load
q = soil reaction

Step3. Determination of thickness of footing

Based on one way shear
Based on two way shear
Based on bending moment
(Greater value is taken for the design)
Overall depth, D = d +d’
Where, d’ = effective cover
Step4. Calculation of area of reinforcement
Mu = 0.87 fy * Ast*[d-{(Ast*fy)/ (b*fck)}]
Step5. Check for the development length
Ld = 0.87fy Φ/ (4* bd)
Where, Φ = diameter of bar
τbd = Design bond stress from Cl.[Link]
If, Ld < length of bar from the face of column, OK
Step6. Check for load transfer from column to footing
Nominal bearing stress in the column to footing,
fbr = Pu/ Ac
Allowable bearing stress = 0.45fck

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According to code Cl.34.4 increase the allowable bearing stress value by √ (A1/A2),
and should be greater than 2.
Where, A1 = supported area of bearing of footing
A2 = loaded area of the column base
The detail calculation is given in annex.
DESIGN OF MAT FOUNDATION

It is necessary to provide a continuous footing under all the columns and walls if the loads
transmitted by the columns in a structure are so heavy or the allowable soil bearing pressure
small. Such a footing is called a raft or Mat Foundation. The raft is divided into series of
continuous strips centered on the appropriate column rows in the both directions as shown in
figure below. The shear and bending moment diagrams may be drawn using continuous beam
analysis or coefficients for each strip. The depth is selected to satisfy shear requirements. The
steel requirements will vary from strip. This method generally gives a conservative design
since the interaction of adjacent strips is neglected.

Design of Mat Foundation:

Required Data:
Case Considered = Case I 1.5 × (DL+LL)
Total Vertical Load = 85811.21 KN
For Earthquake consideration also Soil Bearing Capacity = 150 KN/m2
(From Soil investigation report)
Grade of concrete = 25 KN/m3
Grade of steel = 415 N/mm2

Calculation of Centre of gravity of plan area

Eccentricity along X-direction is obtained by taking moment of column loads about the grid 1
– 1:

X=
 Pi * Xi = 1103488.826 = 12.859495m
P 85811.21

Eccentricity along Y-direction is obtained by taking moment of column loads about the grid
A - A:

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Y=
 Pi * Yi = 966630.6724 = 11.26462m
P 85811.21

Geometrical Centre of the Mat Foundation:

X = 12.9415 m, Y = 9.982 m

ex = X − X = 12.9415− 12.859495= 0.082m

e y = Y − Y = 9.982 − 11.26462 = −1.2826..m

Calculation of Moment of Inertia:

About X-X axis:
21.3363
I𝑥𝑥 = 27.255𝑥 = 22059.921 𝑚4
12
I𝑦𝑦 = 35997.33218 𝑚4
Area coverage of Mat:
A = 21.336 x 27.255 m2 = 581.51268 m2
Mxx = ΣP × ey = 57207.47 x (-1.2826)
= -73375.45 KNm
Myy = ΣP × ex = 57207.47× 0.082
= 4691.0125 KNm

 P = 57207.47 = 98.377KN/m 2

A 581.513
Soil Pressure calculation at different points:

σ =
P  M M xx
yy
x 
y
A I yy I xx
57207.47 4691.0125* (13.6275- x) - 73375.45* (10.668- y)
σ =  
581.5127 35997.3322 22059.921
At corner near F-2,
57207.47 4691.0125* (13.6275- 3.201) - 73375.45* (10.668- 1.067)
σ F- 2 = − + = 65.077
581.5127 35997.3322 22059.921
At corner near F-7,
57207.47 4691.0125* (13.6275- 3.201) - 73375.45* (10.668- 1.067)
σ F-7 = + + = 67.7943KN/m2
581.5127 35997.3322 22059.921

At corner near E-1,

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σE -1 = 71.388KN/m2
At corner near E-8,
σE-8 = 74.662KN/m2
At corner near D-1,
σD-1 = 84.061KN/m2
At corner near D-8,
σD-8 = 87.3344KN/m2
At corner near C-1,
σC-1 = 100.296KN/m2
At corner near C-8,
σC-8 = 103.57KN/m2
At corner near B-1,
σB-1 = 117.023KN/m2
At corner near B-8,
σ B -8 = 120 .297 KN/m 2

At corner near A-2,

σ A - 2 = 128.9596KN/m2
At corner near A-7,
σA-7 = 131.677KN/m2

In the X-direction the raft is divided into four strips i.e. six equivalent beams:
i. Beam F-F with 2.0575 m width and soil pressure of = 67.7943 KN/m2
ii. Beam E-E with 2.8955 m width and soil pressure of = 74.662 KN/m2
iii. Beam D-D with 4.7245 m width and soil pressure of = 87.3344 KN/m2
iv. Beam C-C with 5.334 m width and soil pressure of = 103.57 KN/m2
v. Beam B - B with 4.267 m width and soil pressure of =120.297 KN/m2
vi. Beam A - A with 2.8195 m width and soil pressure of =131.677 KN/m2
The bending moment occurring is obtained by using a coefficient of 1/10 and Las centre of
the column of the distance.
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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

1. For strip A-A ,maximum moment Mmax = Ml2/10 = 131.677 x 4.8772/ 10 = 313.195
KNm

2. For strip B-B ,maximum moment Mmax = Ml2/10 = 120.297 x 4.8772/ 10 = 286.13KNm
3. For strip C-C ,maximum moment Mmax = Ml2/10 = 103.57 x 4.8772/ 10 = 246.343 KNm
4. For strip D-D ,maximum moment Mmax = Ml2/10 = 87.3344 x 4.8772/ 10 = 207.73 KNm
5. For strip E-E ,maximum moment Mmax = Ml2/10 = 74.662 x 4.8772/ 10 = 177.585 KNm
6. For strip F-F ,maximum moment Mmax = Ml2/10 = 67.794 x 4.8772/ 10 = 161.25 KNm

For any strip in Y – direction,

Take Mmax = wl2 / 8
Since, for strip 1-1, Mmax = wl2 / 8 = 131.677 x 5.639 2/8 = 523.388 KNm

Calculation of Depth of Foundation

i. Calculation of Depth from Moment Criterion
Maximum Moment, M= 523.388 KNm
𝑀 523.388∗106
Therefore, d=√2.76∗𝑏 = √ = 435.469𝑚𝑚
2.76∗1000

ii. Calculation of Depth from Two way Shear

The depth of the raft will be governed by two way shear at one of the exterior columns.
In case location of critical shear is not obvious, it may be necessary to check all possible
locations. When Shear reinforcement is not provided, the calculated shear stress at
critical section shall not exceed Ksτc i.e. τv ≤ Ksτc
Where,
Ks = 0.5+βc but not greater than 1
βc= 350/350 = 1
Ks=0.5+ 1 =1.5
Hence Ks = 1
Shear strength of concrete τc = 0.25 f ck

= 0.25 25 = 1.25N/mm2 = τv
For Corner Column say A-2:

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Column Load = 1448.991KN

d
Perimeter, po =2x (2 + 350 + 350/2) = d + 1050

Vu 1448.991 103
τv = =
po  d (d + 1050) d
1448.991 103
1.25 =
(d + 1050)d
Hence, d = 672.83mm
For Side Column say A-6:
Column Load = 1428.4 KN
d
Perimeter, po =2 x (2 + 350 + 350/2) + (d + 350) = 2d + 1400

Vu 1428.4 103
τv = =
p o  d (2d + 1400)d

1428.4 103
1.25 =
(2d + 1400)d
d = 428.983 mm
For Middle Column say C-6:
Column Load = 3672.62KN

Perimeter, po =4 x (d +550)
Vu 3672.6 2  103
τv = =
po  d (4d + 550x 4)d

3672.6 2  103
1.25 =
(4d + 550x4)d

d = 625.083 mm
Thus provide, effective depth, d = 700 mm
Overall depth, D = 750 mm
Calculation of Reinforcement in the Foundation

Maximum moment = M = 523.388 x 10 6 𝑘𝑁𝑚

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

Ast fy
M = .87 ∗ fy Ast ∗ d ∗ (1 − )
bdfck

415Ast
523.388 ∗ 106 = .87 ∗ 415 ∗ Ast ∗ 700 ∗ (1 − )
1000 ∗ 700 ∗ 25
Therefore, Ast = 2184.01129mm2
Provide 22 mmφ bars 170 mm c/c
Ast = 2236.07 mm2> 2184.01129 mm2O.K.
Result
Along Y-direction
Provide 22mmφ bars at 170 mm c/c at the bottom and provide 22mmφ bars at 170 mm c/c at
the top.
Along X direction
Provide 22mmφ bars at 170 mm c/c at the bottom and provide 22 mm φ bars at 170 mm c/c at
the top.

E) STAIRCASE

The staircase if designed as open well on the basis of IS 456:2000(Cl.33).

Effective span of stairs is referred from IS 456:2000(Cl.33.1).
Distribution of load on stairs is referred from IS 456:2000(Cl.33.2).

In case of Stairs with open well where spans partly crossing at right angles occur, the load
on areas common to any two such spans may be taken as one half in each direction as
shown in figure. Where flights or landings are embedded into the walls for a length not
less than 110 mm and are designed to span in the direction of flight, a 150 mm strip may
be deducted from the loaded area and effective breadth of the section increased by 75mm
for the purpose of designing.

Cl Cl

X X Going (G) Y Y

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The detail calculation is given in annex.

DRIFT CALCULATION
Drift calculation

storey drift Drift ratio

Load
floor cases U1 U2 D1 D2 DR1 DR2
roof EQx 0.0277 0.0005
6 EQx 0.0256 0.0006 0.0021 0.0000 0.0007 0.0000
5 EQx 0.0223 0.0005 0.0033 0.0000 0.0011 0.0000
4 EQx 0.0180 0.0005 0.0043 0.0001 0.0014 0.0000
3 EQx 0.0132 0.0004 0.0049 0.0001 0.0016 0.0000
2 EQx 0.0081 0.0003 0.0051 0.0001 0.0017 0.0000
1 EQx 0.0032 0.0001 0.0049 0.0001 0.0016 0.0000
0 EQx 0.0000 0.0000 0.0032 0.0001 0.0011 0.0000

storey
drift Drift ratio
floor U1 U2 D1 D2 DR1 DR2
roof -0.0016 0.0262
6 -0.0015 0.0241 -0.0001 0.0021 0.0000 0.0007
5 -0.0014 0.0208 -0.0002 0.0032 -0.0001 0.0011
4 -0.0011 0.0167 -0.0002 0.0041 -0.0001 0.0014
3 -0.0008 0.0121 -0.0003 0.0046 -0.0001 0.0015
2 -0.0005 0.0073 -0.0003 0.0048 -0.0001 0.0016
1 -0.0002 0.0028 -0.0003 0.0046 -0.0001 0.0015
0 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0002 0.0028 -0.0001 0.0009

Since, drift should not exceed 0.004 times of height of a storey i.e. 0.012 m . Since, drift ratio
has not exceed the limitation, hence, drift controlling material is not provided. Also, shear
wall is not provided.

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

DESIGN OF STAIRCASE

A B

1564
915
D C

1564
150 1984 305 1830 1220

b 30

150
t

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

Height of floor = 3000 mm

No. of Tread = 17
No. of Rise = 20
3000
.˙. Ht. of rise = = 150 mm
20
For AB and CD :
AB = CD = 5639 mm
BC = 4343 mm
.˙. b = √R2 + T 2
= 340 mm
.˙. t = 1/25 *5.639 to 1/20 *5639
= 225.560 to 281.95
= 250 mm
Dead load of flight (AB and CD)
Step section = ½ *0.305*0.150 = 0.023 m2
Waist Slab = 0.34 * 0.25 = 0.085 m2
Floor finish = (0.305 +0.15 )* 0.03 = 0.014 m2
.˙. Total area = 0.122 m2
Considering 1m of width,
DL = 0.122 * 25*1 = 3.050 KN/m
DL per m2 = 3.050/0.305
= 10 KN/ m2
LL per m2 = 3 KN/ m2
Total load = 13 KN/ m2
Factored Load= 1.5 * 13 = 19.5 KN/ m2
Taking 1.375 m,
.˙. Total load = 1.372 * 19.5 = 26.754 KN/m
Landing A,
Self weight = 0.25 * 25 = 6.250 KN/ m2
Floor Finish = 0.03 *25 = 0.75 KN/ m2
Live Load = 3 KN / m2
Total load = 10 KN/ m2
Factored Load = 15 KN/ m2
Taking 1.375 m,
.˙. Total load = 1.372 * 15 = 20.580 KN/m
Landing B,
Upto 150 mm,
Only DL = 10.5 KN/ m2
Self weight = 0.25 * 25 = 6.250 KN/ m2
Floor Finish = 0.03 *25 = 0.75 KN/ m2
Live Load = 3 KN / m2
Total load = 10 KN/ m2
Factored Load = 15 KN/ m2
Taking 1.375 m,
.˙. Total load = 1.564 * 15 = 23.46 KN/m
For BC
t = 250 mm
Dead load ( BC)

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 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

Step section = ½ *0.305*0.150 = 0.023 m2

Waist Slab = 0.34 * 0.25 = 0.085 m2
Floor finish = (0.305 +0.15 )* 0.03 = 0.014 m2
.˙. Total area = 0.122 m2
Considering 1m of width,
DL = 0.122 * 25*1 = 3.050 KN/m
DL per m2 = 3.050/0.305
= 10 KN/ m2
LL per m2 = 3 KN/ m2
Total load = 13 KN/ m2
Factored Load= 1.5 * 13 = 19.5 KN/ m2
Taking 1.22 m,
.˙. Total load = 1.22 * 19.5 = 23.79 KN/m
Landing B and C,
Self weight = 0.25 * 25 = 6.250 KN/ m2
Floor Finish = 0.03 *25 = 0.75 KN/ m2
Live Load = 3 KN / m2
Total load = 10 KN/ m2
Factored Load = 15 KN/ m2
Taking 1.22 m,
.˙. Total load = 1.22 * 15 = 18.3 KN/m
Reaction in A and B,
26.754 KN/m
20.880
20.880 KN/m KN/m 10.5
KN/m KN/m
0.075

2.134 2.135 1.07 0.15

RA RB
MA= 0 ( +ve)
or, 20.580*2.134*2.134/2+26.754*2.135*(2.134/2+2.134)+20.880*1.070*(1.07/2+2.135+
2.134) +10.5*0.225*(0.225/2+1.07 + 2.135 +2.134) – RB * (2.134+ 2.135 + 1.07 + 0.225 )
.˙. RB = 62.903 KN
.˙. RA = 62.839 KN
For zero S.F from A,
or, 62.839 – 20.58 * 2.134 – 26.754 *( X- 2.134 ) = 0
.˙. X =2.841 m from A
Maximum BM occurs at X = 2.841 m
Max. BM = 62.839 * 2.841 – 20.58 * 2.134 * (2.134/2 + 0.707) – 26.754 * 0.7072/2
= 93.93 KNm
.˙.BM = 0.138 fck bd2
.˙. d = 157.496 mm
.˙. d= 160 mm and D = 180 mm

Ajay Kumar Yadav(380240), Kabita Kumari Yadav(380254)

Rabbu Kumar Mandal(380260),Saroj Kumar Thakur(380271) Page 105
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HOSPITAL BUILDING 2074

Reaction in C and B,
23.79
10.5
20.880 KN/m 20.880 KN/m 10.5
KN/
m KN/m KN/m

0.0225 1.414 0.915 1.414 0.225

RC RB

MC = 0 ( +ve)
.˙. RB = 42.771 KN
.˙. RC = 42.771 KN
For zero S.F from A,
or, 42.771 – 10.5 * 0.225 – 20.88 *1.414 – 23.79 ( X- 0.225 – 1.414 ) = 0
.˙. X =2.097 m from A
Maximum BM occurs at X = 2.097 m
Max. BM = 33.627 KNm
.˙.BM = 0.138 fck bd2
.˙. d = 88.261 mm
.˙. d= 160 mm and D = 180 mm

.˙. BM = 0.87 * 415 * Ast ( d- 0.42*0.48 d)

.˙. Ast = 2036.556 mm2
Providing 19 no. of 12 diameter rod,
.˙. Ast = 2148.85 mm2

Check for shear

Vu
τv = = 62.839*1000/ (1372 * 160) = 0.286 N/mm2
bd
Pt = (100* 2148.85 )/ (1372 *160 ) = 0.979 %
τc = 0.615 N/mm2 , K = 1.28
τc1 = 0.787 N/mm2
τcmax = 2.8 N/mm2
Check for development length
ϕσs
Ld =
4τbd
= 47.012 ϕ
Lo = 160
M = 93.93 * 2148.85/ 2036.556 = 99.109
V = 62.903 KN

.˙. ϕ = 43.569 mm > 12 m

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