Study Material Economics
What is food security?
• Food is as essential as air. Food security means availability of food to all,
and available food is accessible to all and accessible food is affordable to all
people at all times.
→ Here, food availability refers to availability of food in countries.
→ Accessibility of food means food is within people’s reach.
→ Affordability for food refers to people are able to buy it.
→ Creation of “Buffer stock” is also done in this system.
Why food security.
• Food security is helpful at the time of natural disaster when there is lack of
food
→ At the time of natural disaster like earthquake, flood, or drought etc.,
production of foodgrains decreased which creates a situation of decrease in
food availability.
→ The attainment of food security therefore involves eliminating current
hunger and reducing the risks of future hunger.
→ Famine of Bengal in 1943 was the most devastating famine.
Who are food-insecure?
→ In rural areas, landless and small farmers, traditional artisans like
blacksmith, providers of services like washermen, petty self-employed
workers and destitute are came under the category of food-insecure.
→ In urban areas, persons who employed in ill-paid occupations and casual
labourers are food insecure, these labour came under seasonal workers and
have low wages.
→ Children under the age of 5 years, large proportion of pregnant and
nurshing mothers are also came under the category of food-insecure.
→ Person who is not able to fulfil their daily requirements or people came
below poverty line are also food-insecure.
→ People belonging to some scheduled castes and OBC are also came under
the head of food insecure.
→ In India, some states has large number of food-insecure like, Bihar, Orissa,
Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, parts of Madhya
Pradesh and Maharasthra.
→ Hungers are also came under the category of food insecure. It has chronic
and seasonal
dimensions.
Seasonal hunger
• When a person is unable to get work for entire year, then they came under
the category of seasonal hunger.
• It is related to cycles of food growing and harvesting. This is prevalent in
rural areas because of the
seasonal nature of agricultural activities and in urban areas because of the
casual labour that is there is less work for casual construction labour during
the rainy season.
• This type of hunger exists when a person is unable to get work for the
entire year.
Chronic hunger
• Chronic hunger is a consequence of diets persistently inadequate in terms
of quantity and/or quality.
• A person who has low level of income is came under the category of
chronic hunger.
Food Security in India
What is Buffer stock?
→ The farmers Sale theirs foodgrains at minimum supply price i.e. pre-
announced price of the government.
→ This foodgrains stored in the warehouse of “Food Corporation of India”.
This stock of foodgrains is called Buffer stock.
What is the Public Distribution System?
• Public Distribution System (PDS) is the system of providing foodgrains
from Food Corporation of India to the poor section of the society at
subsidized rate.
• This programme was launched in 1992 in 1,700 backward blocks in the
country. This is a food security programme.
• For the implementation of this system many programmes are launched by
the government of India like the Antyodaya Ann Yojana which is for poorest
of the poor and the Annapurna schemes which is for needy senior citizens.
These two programmes are launched in 2000.
• For take the benefit of Public Distribution System the government of India
provide three type of ration card:
(i) Antyodaya cards for the poorest of the poor
(ii) BPL card for the people living below poverty line
(iii) APL card for other all people.
• About 5.5 lakh ration shops or fair price shops are here all over the
Country for implementation of this system.
Current Status of Public Distribution System
• At the time of introducing of Public Distribution system, it was for all
category of people i.e there was no discrimination between the poor and
non poor.
• In 1992, Government of India decided to launch Revamped Public
Distribution System (RPDS) in 1992 with the aim to start it in 1,700 blocks in
the country.
• Again in 1997, Public Distribution System revised as Targeted Public
Distribution System (TPDS) which was only for the poor section of the
society.
• Merits of Public Distribution System:
→ It helps to keep food price stable by providing food at concessional rate.
→ It helps to prevent large number of hunger and the famine by the way of
supplying food from surplus region to deficit ones.
→ Public Distribution System is purchased foodgrains from Food Corporation
of India and created buffer stock.
→ Poor section of the society can easily buy food at subsidized rates from
fair price shop and it has been possible through Public Distribution System.
→ It assuring to the farmers by the way of purchasing food at minimum
sport price.
Role of cooperatives in food security
• Cooperative opens many fair price shops to sell foodgrains at concessional
rate.
• Academy of Development Science is an organization of training and
capacity building programmes on food security for NGOs in Maharashtra. It
facilitates a network of NGO for setting up bank of grains. It is a successful
food security intervention.
• In Tamil Naidu, 94 per cent fair price shop are being run by the
cooperatives.
• Mother Dairy is a success story of cooperatives in milk and vagetables in
Delhi.
• Amul is also a success story of cooperatives in milk and milk products in
Gujarat.
National Food for Work Programme
• This programme was started on November 14, 2004 in 150 most backward
districts of the country.
• The programme is for those rural people who are needy of wage
employment and desire to do manual unskilled work.
• The aim of this programme is to intensify the generation of supplementary
wage employment.
• It is 100 per cent centrally sponsored scheme. In this programme, the
foodgrains are provided to States free of cost.
• At district level nodal officer is the collector in this programme.
Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)
• This yojana was started in December 2000.
• One crore of the poorest among the BPL families are came under Public
Distribution System in this programme.
• In this programme, poorest people were identified through Below Poverty
Line survey.
• Now, 2 crore families have been covered under the AAY with the
increment of 50 lakh each in June 2003 and in August 2004.