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14 Multiplication
and division (2)
Getting started

E
1 Here are six numbers.
6  7  8  21  24  40
Use each number once to copy and complete these statements.

3
4
a
1
3
of =

PL b
1
4
of =

Lan spilled ink on his work. What are the digits covered by the ink?
a 0.7 × 9 = 6.

Find the product of 4567 and 8.

b 0.9 × 5 = .5

9 friends share $315 equally. How much does each friend receive?
c

c
1
5

0.
of =

× 8 = 4.8
M
Here are some examples of how we use fractions and decimals in
our everyday life. Can you think of some more?
SA

You go out to eat with your friends and family.

The waitress brings one bill that you share
between you.

You save up to buy a new pair of trainers.

Your parent agrees to pay half the cost.

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14 Multiplication and division (2)

You have half a cake to divide equally

between four friends.

In this unit you will learn more about

multiplying and dividing fractions
and decimals.

E
PL
14.1 Multiplying and dividing fractions
We are going to …
M
• multiply a proper fraction by a whole number
• divide a proper fraction by a whole number.

1
SA

Mia cut of a pizza for her dad. She shared

4
the rest of the pizza into four equal pieces for
her brothers and sisters. What fraction of the
pizza did each child get?
Mia is dividing a fraction by a whole number.

In this unit you will learn about multiplying and

dividing fractions by a whole number.

denominator  numerator  operator
proper fraction   unit fraction

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14.1 Multiplying and dividing fractions

Worked example 1
2
Calculate ÷4
3
2
Draw a diagram to show
3
Divide each third into 4 equal parts.
2
The red section represents ÷4
3

E
This is 2 parts out of 12 equal parts
2
2 2 which is .
÷4= 12
3 12
1
1 The fraction can be simplified to .
= 6

Exercise 14.1
1
6

PL
Write an addition sentence and a multiplication sentence for this diagram.
M
2 Write a multiplication sentence that is equivalent to this addition diagram.
2 2 2 2 2
+8 +8 +8 +8 +8
SA

3 Calculate.
3 7 5
a ×2 b ×5 c ×4
5 8 6
Check your answers with your partner.

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14 Multiplication and division (2)

4 Copy the sorting table and write the letter of each expression in the
correct place.
2 2 3 2
A ×4 B 3× C ×4 D of 4
8 3 4 8
2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2
E ×3 F + + + G + + + H of 3
3 8 8 8 8 4 4 4 4 3

Answer = 1 Answer = 2 Answer = 3

E
2
5

PL
Saif writes the calculation 5 ×
3
Which of the following statements are true for his calculation?
A The answer is between 1 and 2.
B The answer is between 2 and 3.
C The answer is between 3 and 4.
D The answer is between 4 and 5.
M
2
6 Oscar, Bruno and Ali equally share of a large pie.
3
What fraction of the whole pie did each boy get?
Draw a diagram to show your answer.
7 Calculate.
SA

a b

5 2
÷2 3 ÷4
8

8 Calculate.
4 5 3
a ÷2 b ÷2 c ÷5
5 8 5
Check your answers with your partner.
9 Write a whole number less than 10 in each box to make these
number sentences correct.
2 1 3 1
a ÷ = b ÷ =
3 9 4 12

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14.1 Multiplying and dividing fractions

You can write improper fractions as mixed numbers and you

can write some fractions in a simper form.
In this exercise, how did you decide whether you could write
your answer in a different way?

Think like a mathematician

E
Find values that make this number sentence correct.
whole
fraction number

Look what I can do! PL ÷

I can multiply a proper fraction by a whole number.

I can divide a proper fraction by a whole number.
5
= 24
M
SA

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14 Multiplication and division (2)

14.2 Multiplying decimals

We are going to …
• estimate then multiply numbers with up to 2 decimal places
by a 1-digit whole number
• estimate then multiply numbers with up to 2 decimal places
by a 2-digit whole number.

E
Erik works in a theatre selling tickets.
decimal  decimal place

PL
Erik sells 63 tickets. Each ticket costs $45.75.
In this section, you will learn how to calculate the total
cost of all the tickets Erik sells.
decimal point  product
M
SA

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14.2 Multiplying decimals

Worked example 2

Calculate $45.75 × 63

Estimate 50 × 60 = 3000 Always start with an estimate. You can

round both numbers and then multiply
4 5 7 5
them together to give a rough answer.
× 6 3 Multiply 45.75 by 3
Multiply 45.75 by 60

E
1 3 7 2 5 45.75 × 3
These stages can be done in either order.
2 7 4 5 0 0 45.75 × 60
Add the two answers together.
2 8 8 2 2 5 Check the answer is close to your

1
1

Answer: $2882.25

Exercise 14.2
Calculate.
PL estimate of 3000.
M
a 45.1 × 5 b 38.12 × 7 c 40.09 × 9
Check your answers with your partner.
2 Find the product of 6 and 34.56.
SA

3 Vincent is thinking of a number.

He says, ‘If I divide my number by 6 the answer is 17.54.’
What number is Vincent thinking of?
4 Calculate.
a 74.36 × 15 b 95.36 × 47 c 23.08 × 83
Check your answers with your partner.

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14 Multiplication and division (2)

5 Parveen calculates 17.05 × 15

Is her calculation correct? If not, correct any mistakes.

1 7 0 5

× 1 5

8 5 7 5

E
1 7 0 5 0

2 5 6 2 5

1 1

7
PL
Use the digits 5, 6 and 7 to make this calculation correct.

Meals cost $15.25 at a restaurant.

12 people go for a meal.
What is the total cost of the meals?
4 × = 32.35
M
8 Ravi and Tara buy some stickers.
Ravi buys 36 stickers at $0.98 each.
Tara buys 3 packs of 12 stickers for $11.50 a pack.
SA

How much more does Ravi pay than Tara?

Think about how you worked out the answers.

Did you remember to estimate and check?
Did your partner use the same method?
Which method do you think is the most efficient?

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14.3 Dividing decimals

Think like a mathematician

You need five cards.

2 3 4 5 6

Arrange the cards as a multiplication calculation.

E
×

Investigate different answers.

Look what I can do! PL

Which calculation gives an answer closest to 208?

I can estimate then multiply numbers with up to 2 decimal places

by a 1-digit whole number.
I can estimate then multiply numbers with up to 2 decimal places
M
by a 2-digit whole number.

14.3 Dividing decimals

SA

We are going to …
• estimate then divide a number with 1 or 2 decimal places
by a 1-digit whole number
• estimate then divide a number with 1 or 2 decimal places
by a 2-digit whole number.

Mandisa wants to know which of these packs

contains the cheaper oranges. dividend  divisor  quotient
Which pack should she choose?

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14 Multiplication and division (2)

Pack A Pack B

4 oranges for $2.50 3 oranges for £1.89

To find the answer, Mandisa must divide the cost by the number of oranges.
In this section, you will learn how to divide decimals by whole numbers.

E
Worked example 3

Calculate 55.2 ÷ 24

a little more than 2

2.3
24 5 5.2
– 4 8.0
7.2
–7.2
24 × 2

24 × 0.3
PL
Estimate: 50 ÷ 25 = 2 so the answer will be Round 55.2 to 50 and 24 to 25 which is a
factor of 50. We have rounded 55.2 down
and 24 up, so the accurate answer will be
greater than the estimated value.
There are two 24s in 55.2. Record 2 ones
on the answer line. Subtract 48.0
from 55.2 to leave 7.2
M
0 7.2 divided by 24 is 0.3 (because
72 ÷ 24 = 3). Record 3 in the tenths
or use a more compact way of recording:
position on the answer line.
2.3
7
24 5 5.2 Subtract 7.2 from 7.2 to leave 0
SA

Answer: 55.2 ÷ 24 = 2.3

Exercise 14.3
1 Calculate.
a 37.2 ÷ 4 b 3.2 ÷ 8 c 0.36 ÷ 4 d 140.05 ÷ 5
Check your answers with your partner.
2 Calculate.
a 36.84 ÷ 12 b 75.75 ÷ 15
Check your answers with your partner.

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14.3 Dividing decimals

3 Find the missing digit.

Tip
7.2
12 6.4 Think about
the answer
4 Ahmed is thinking of a number. to 7 × 12
He multiplies his number by 14 and the
answer is 86.8
What number is Ahmed thinking of?

E
5 Find the odd one out.
7.75 ÷ 5   9.3 ÷ 6   12.32 ÷ 8   13.95 ÷ 9
Explain your answer.
6

PL
Ella, Kiki and Mandy spend $29.52 on food.
They share the cost equally between them.
How much does Mandy pay?
7 Two shops sell paint.
Shop A sells 4 pots of paint for $6.88
M
Shop B sells 3 pots of paint for $5.22
Which shop has the better deal? Explain your answer.
8 A regular pentagon is drawn on the playground.
The perimeter of the pentagon is 26.25 metres.
SA

What is the length of one side of the pentagon?

In Unit 11, you divided whole numbers by 1- and 2-digit

numbers. Think about how you have applied the knowledge
and skills you learned to work in this unit.

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14 Multiplication and division (2)

Think like a mathematician

Use each of the digits 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 to

Tip
complete this calculation.

329.68 ÷ = Use the fact that 300 ÷ 50 = 6

as a starting point.

E
Look what I can do!

I can estimate then divide a number with 1 or 2 decimal places

by a 1-digit whole number.

1
a
by a 2-digit whole number.

Check your progress

Calculate.
3×
4
5
b
5
6
PL
I can estimate then divide a number with 1 or 2 decimal places

×7 c 9×
2
3
M
2 2
2 Calculate ÷ 5 and ÷3
3 5
What do you notice about your answers?
3 Sally pays $0.35 for each minute she uses her phone.
She spends 15 minutes talking to her friend.
SA

How much does the call cost?

4 Find the odd one out.
36.75 ÷ 21 8.6 ÷ 5 10.5 ÷ 6 19.25 ÷ 11
Explain your answer.
5 Multiply each whole number by each fraction.
7 3 5
6 8 10
8 4 8
a What is the smallest answer?
b What is the largest answer?

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