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Bitmap Images

The document discusses bitmap images, explaining their structure as grids of pixels, the importance of resolution, and colour depth. It highlights the trade-offs between image quality and file size, along with the role of metadata in image interpretation. Additionally, it provides examples of common screen resolutions and practice problems for calculating image sizes.

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2 views15 pages

Bitmap Images

The document discusses bitmap images, explaining their structure as grids of pixels, the importance of resolution, and colour depth. It highlights the trade-offs between image quality and file size, along with the role of metadata in image interpretation. Additionally, it provides examples of common screen resolutions and practice problems for calculating image sizes.

Uploaded by

sxskeyownsyou
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Bitmap Images

IBDP Computer
Science – DP1
Pixels • Resolution • Colour Depth • RGB
The Blurry Billboard
Disaster

• Imagine Apple launches a


new iPhone.

• The image looks perfect on


the designer's laptop.

• But on a giant Bangalore


billboard… it looks blurry and
pixelated!

• Why did this happen?


What is a Bitmap?

• A bitmap (raster) image is made of a grid of


pixels.
• Each pixel stores a colour value.
• Pixel = smallest unit of a digital image.
• Raster = grid-based structure.
Image Resolution

• Resolution = width × height (in pixels)


• Example: 13 × 10 = 130 pixels
• Higher resolution = more detail
• But also larger file size
Colour Depth (Bit
Depth)

• Colour depth = number of


bits per pixel
• 1-bit → 2 colours
• 8-bit → 256 colours
• 24-bit → 16.8 million
colours
• Formula: Number of
colours = 2^bit depth
Image Size Formula

• Image size = width × height × colour depth


• Result is in bits
• Divide by 8 to convert to bytes
• Real files are larger due to metadata
What is Metadata?

• Metadata = data about data


• Includes: dimensions, colour depth, date created
• Also includes header information
• Allows CPU to interpret image correctly
Resolution and PPI

• PPI = pixels per inch


• Higher PPI = sharper image
• Same resolution looks
different on phone vs
cinema screen
• Screen size matters!
Common Screen Resolutions

• HD – 1280 × 720
• Full HD – 1920 × 1080
• 4K – 3840 × 2160
• 8K – 7680 × 4320
RGB Colour Model

• 24-bit images use RGB


• 8 bits per channel
(Red, Green, Blue)
• Each channel
ranges from 0–255
• Example: R=216,
G=190, B=199
• Hex equivalent:
#d8bec7
Trade-Offs in Bitmap Images

• Higher resolution → better detail → larger file


size
• Higher colour depth → smoother gradients → larger
file size
• Storage and transfer speed must be considered
Practice

• 1) 10 × 12 image, 4-bit depth


• 2) 800 × 600 image, 9-bit depth

• Calculate pixels, bits, bytes, kB


Answers

• 1) Image: 10 × 12 pixels, 4-bit colour depth


• • Total pixels = 10 × 12 = 120 pixels
• • Number of colours = 2^4 = 16 colours
• • File size (bits) = 10 × 12 × 4 = 480 bits
• • File size (bytes) = 480 ÷ 8 = 60 bytes
• 2) Image: 800 × 600 pixels, 9-bit colour depth
• • Total pixels = 800 × 600 = 480,000 pixels
• • Number of colours = 2^9 = 512 colours
• • File size (bits) = 800 × 600 × 9 = 4,320,000
bits
• • File size (bytes) = 4,320,000 ÷ 8 = 540,000
bytes
• • File size (kB) = 540,000 ÷ 1024 ≈ 527.34 kB

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