Aim: What is the internal structure of an
atom?
DO NOW: Prepare for quiz. Need pen or pencil, and reference tables.
Atomic Structure
A) Nucleus
1)Proton
2)Neutron
B) Electron Cloud
3) Electron
The Three Fundamental Subatomic
Particles
Name Symbol Charge Mass Location
(amu)
Proton p+ 1+ 1.007 Nucleus
Neutron n0 0 1.009 Nucleus
electron e- 1- 5.486 x Outside
10-28 nucleus
(so small we
often say it
has no mass)
Nucleus (Protons and Neutrons)
1) Contains most of the mass of the atom; very
dense
2) Has a positive charge (nuclear charge)
◦Charge from protons
◦Neutrons have no charge
Atomic Number and Atomic Mass
•Atomic # = # of protons only
•Atomic mass or mass # is
both mass of neutron and
proton
Atomic Number and Atomic Mass on
Periodic Table
Neutral Atom
•If an atom is neutrally charged, what must be true about
the number of protons and the number of electron?
•In a neutral atom, the # of electrons = # of protons
•The protons “hold the electrons in the atoms”
•The number of protons (atomic #) determines the
element you have
Sample Problems
1. Lithium has 3 protons and 4 neutron. What is the mass number?
Mass # = # of protons + # of neutrons
Mass # = 3 + 4
Mass # = 7
2. An atom has a mass number of 9 and has 5 neutrons. How many protons
does it have?
Mass # = # of protons + # of neutrons
9 = # of protons + 5
# of protons = 4
Electronic Structure
•Electrons are found in orbitals outside the nucleus
• An orbital is defined as the most probable location of an electron
•Electrons are arranged in different shells around the nucleus; each
can only hold a certain number of electrons.
•The innermost shell is filled first.
•Electrons closer to the nucleus have less energy than electrons
further away from the nucleus.
Electronic Structure Cont.
Green = proton
Blue= neutron
Red= electron
Which element is this?
How can we tell?
How many electrons
are in the first shell?
Second shell?
Electronic Structure Cont.
Element Bohr Structure Electron Electrons Periodic Table
Configuration Group
Fluorine (F) 2-7 2 e- in 1st shell 17
7 e- in 2nd shell
Neon (Ne) 2-8 2e- in 1st shell 18
8 e- in 2nd shell
Sodium (Na) 2-8-1 2 e- in 1st shell 1
8 e- in 2nd shell
1 e- in 3rd shell
Calcium (Ca) 2-8-8-2 2 e- in 1st shell 2
8 e- in 2nd shell
8 e- in 3rd shell
2 e- in 4th shell
Electron Shells
Maximum number of
Energy shell
electrons
First 2
Second 8
Third 18
Sample Problem
1. What is the mass number
of Magnesium?
2. Explain from this diagram
why the aluminum atom is
neutral.
Symbol for Carbon
Carbon-12 or 12C:
It tells us that a carbon atom has:
•Six protons (because its proton number, at the bottom, is 6)
•Six electrons (because the number of protons and electrons in an atom is the
same)
Isotope of Hydrogen
What stays the same in each
isotope of hydrogen?
What changes?
Isotopes of Hydrogen and Chlorine
What are Isotopes?
•Atoms of an element that:
•Have the same number of protons and electrons
•Have different number of neutrons, and therefore
have different atomic masses
Discussion
Why are isotopes of an element still of the same element
even though they have different number of neutrons
between them?