LECTURE NOTES: HOW TO ANSWER EXAM QUESTIONS (CERTIFICATE &
DIPLOMA LEVEL)
Sir .DW. NYONGESA (B.A).
1. Introduction
Success in examinations depends not only on knowledge but also on the ability to interpret
questions correctly and present answers in a clear, structured, and relevant manner. Many
students lose marks due to poor answering techniques rather than lack of content.
2. Interpreting Examination Questions
Students must first understand what the question requires. This is guided by instructional
(command) words:
Command Word Meaning Expected Approach
Define Give precise meaning One clear sentence
State/List Provide points only No explanation
Explain Give reasons/details Point + explanation
Describe Give detailed account Sequential or detailed explanation
Outline Summarize main ideas Brief, ordered points
Compare Show similarities/differences Structured comparison
Evaluate Give judgment Argument supported with reasons
3. General Approach to Answering Questions
Step 1: Read and Analyze
Read the question at least twice
Identify keywords and topic area
Note the marks allocated
Step 2: Plan the Answer
Briefly outline key points
Arrange ideas logically
Avoid writing immediately without direction
Step 3: Write the Answer
Follow the required format based on the command word
Keep answers relevant and concise
Use proper structure
Step 4: Review
Check for completeness
Correct errors
Ensure all parts of the question are answered
4. Structuring Answers
A. Short Answer Questions (2–5 marks)
Direct and precise
Each point should correspond to a mark
Example:
Question: Define land surveying. (2 marks)
Answer:
Land surveying is the science and art of determining the relative positions of points on the
earth’s surface by measuring distances, angles, and elevations.
B. Medium-Length Questions (5–8 marks)
Use clearly separated points
Provide brief explanations where required
Example:
Question: Explain the importance of land surveying. (6 marks)
Answer:
Boundary determination – establishes legal property limits
Construction planning – provides data for design and layout
Mapping – assists in preparation of maps and plans
Land subdivision – enables division of land into plots
Dispute resolution – helps resolve land ownership conflicts
Resource management – supports proper land use planning
C. Long Answer Questions (10 marks and above)
Use a structured format:
Introduction
Define or introduce the concept
Body
Present main points in logical order
Use headings or numbered steps
Provide explanations and examples where necessary
Conclusion
Summarize or give a closing statement
Example:
Question: Describe the procedure of chain surveying. (10 marks)
Answer:
Introduction:
Chain surveying is a method of surveying that involves only linear measurements taken in the
field.
Procedure:
1. Reconnaissance – preliminary inspection of the area
2. Station selection – identifying suitable survey points
3. Marking stations – fixing points using pegs
4. Chaining – measuring distances between stations
5. Taking offsets – recording details from the baseline
6. Recording data – entering measurements in a field book
7. Plotting – drawing the survey to scale
Conclusion:
The collected measurements are used to produce an accurate representation of the surveyed
area
5. Answering According to Marks Allocation
Students must match the depth and length of their answers to the marks:
2 marks: definition or two brief points
5 marks: five points or fewer points with explanation
10 marks: detailed explanation with structure
Overwriting wastes time; under-writing loses marks.
6. Presentation and Clarity
Use clear handwriting
Leave space between answers
Number responses correctly
Underline key terms where appropriate
Use bullet points or numbering for clarity
7. Use of Examples and Diagrams
Include relevant examples to demonstrate understanding
Use diagrams where applicable (especially in technical subjects)
Ensure diagrams are labeled clearly
8. Common Mistakes to Avoid
Misinterpreting the question
Writing irrelevant information
Repeating the same point
Ignoring command words
Poor time management
Leaving questions unanswered
9. Practical Guidance for Students
Students should:
Practice with past examination questions
Time themselves during practice
Review marked scripts to identify weaknesses
Focus on clarity rather than volume
10. Conclusion
Effective examination performance requires a combination of knowledge, interpretation,
structure, and clarity. Students who follow a systematic answering approach are more likely
to achieve higher marks.
BEST OF LUCK !!!!!!