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Tutorial 4

The document outlines a tutorial on thermodynamics, presenting various problems related to equations of state, energy representations, and the behavior of rubber bands. It includes tasks such as deriving equations for intensive parameters, demonstrating principles of equilibrium, and modeling the properties of rubber bands under different conditions. The tutorial emphasizes the relationships between temperature, pressure, volume, and energy in different systems.

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2 views2 pages

Tutorial 4

The document outlines a tutorial on thermodynamics, presenting various problems related to equations of state, energy representations, and the behavior of rubber bands. It includes tasks such as deriving equations for intensive parameters, demonstrating principles of equilibrium, and modeling the properties of rubber bands under different conditions. The tutorial emphasizes the relationships between temperature, pressure, volume, and energy in different systems.

Uploaded by

eaarohanam
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1 st February 2016 1

PYL202/Tutorial 4

1. Find three equations of state for a system with the fundamental equation.

S3
E=α ,
NV

where α is a constant. Show that the equations of state, T , P and µ are intensive parameters (i.e.
show that they are homogeneous functions of order zero). For this system find µ as a function of
T , V and N. Draw a diagram on arbitrary scale showing the dependence of pressure on volume for
fixed temperature for this system. Draw two such “isotherms” for two different temperatures also
mention which isotherm belongs to the higher temperature.

2. Show that if a single component system is such that PV k is constant in an adiabatic process, with
k > 0, a constant. The energy is given by:

1 PV k
E= PV + N f ( k ),
k−1 N

where f is an arbitrary function.

3. A system obeys the equations:

1 AE 3/2
E= PV and T2 =
2 V N 1/2

where A is a positive constant. Find the fundamental equation.

4. The Energy representation E = E(S , X1 , X2 , ...., Xt ) and the Entropy representation S = S (E, X1 , X2 , ...., Xt )
are equivalent. By assuming Entropy “maximum” principle at equilibrium viz.

∂S ∂2 S
! !
=0 and <0
∂X E ∂2 X E

implies the Energy “minimum” principle in Energy representation at Equilibrium.

5. We are interested in building a descriptive model of a rubber band. Rubber band consists of a large
number of long chain polymer molecules. The macroscopic properties are defined by L plays the
role of volume, the tension T plays the role of negative pressure (−P), the temperature T and
1 st February 2016 2

energy E. Here N the number of monomers is fixed hence neglected. When an experiment is done
following are the observations:

(i) At constant length the tension increases with the temperature. A property which is in contrast
with the behavior of a stretched metallic wire.

(ii) The energy E is independent of the length. At least for the lengths which are shorter than the
elastic limit of the rubber band.

These two observations are represented qualitatively by equations:

L − L0
E = αL0 T and T = βT , L0 < L < L1 ,
L1 − L0

where α, β are constants, L0 also a constant representing the unstretched length, L1 reperesents the
elastic limit length. Try to explain why a factor of T has been introduced in the equation for T .
For this system find the fundamental equation.

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