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Simplified Hemogram RBC Notes

The document provides a comprehensive overview of a Complete Hemogram (CBC), detailing its purpose in diagnosing various health conditions and its core components. It explains the Total RBC Count (TRBC), including its definition, function, clinical applications, and the manual counting procedure using specific equipment and reagents. Additionally, it outlines normal values for different demographics and their clinical significance related to conditions like anemia and polycythemia.

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Lakshya Sharma
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2 views2 pages

Simplified Hemogram RBC Notes

The document provides a comprehensive overview of a Complete Hemogram (CBC), detailing its purpose in diagnosing various health conditions and its core components. It explains the Total RBC Count (TRBC), including its definition, function, clinical applications, and the manual counting procedure using specific equipment and reagents. Additionally, it outlines normal values for different demographics and their clinical significance related to conditions like anemia and polycythemia.

Uploaded by

Lakshya Sharma
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

HEMOGRAM & TOTAL RBC COUNT:

Simplified Notes

1. Overview of Complete Hemogram (CBC)


• Definition: Comprehensive blood profile, also known as Complete Blood Cell Count
(CBC).
• Purpose: Diagnoses infections, systemic diseases, and blood disorders.
• Core Components: Total RBC Count, TLC (WBC Count), Platelet Count, Hb, HCT/
PCV, Red Cell Indices, and DLC.

2. Total RBC Count (TRBC)


• Definition: Number of erythrocytes (RBCs) per cubic millimeter (cumm) of blood.
• Function: Transports O± from lungs to tissues and CO± back to lungs via
hemoglobin.
• Clinical Application: Detects Anemia (decreased RBCs/Hb) and Polycythemia
(abnormal RBC increase).

3. Manual Counting Principle & Equipment


• Principle: Whole blood is diluted 1:200 with an isotonic fluid to prevent hemolysis/
clumping, then counted in a chamber under a 40x microscope lens.
• Equipment: RBC Diluting Fluid (Hayem's), Microscope (10x, 40x), RBC Pipette,
Hemocytometer, Test Tube, Cotton/Tissue, Cover Slip, Dropper.

4. Reagents & Specimen Collection

Hayem's Solution
Specimen Requirements
Composition

• Sodium Chloride: 0.5g


• Capillary Blood: Fresh finger prick.
• Sodium Sulphate: 2.5g
• Venous Blood: K2 or K3 EDTA; must be well-
• Mercuric Chloride: 0.25g
mixed.
• Distilled Water: 100ml
5. Manual Procedure (Step-by-Step)
1. Aspirate: Draw blood to the 0.5 mark.
2. Clean: Wipe pipette tip (prevents falsely elevated count).
3. Dilute: Draw Hayem's fluid to the 101 mark.
4. Mix: Rotate horizontally between palms for 2-3 mins.
5. Storage: Store diagonally if not used immediately.
6. Prepare Chamber: Clean Neubauer chamber and cover slip.
7. Charge: Discard first 2-3 drops, then charge chamber with the next drop.
8. Settle: Wait 2-3 mins undisturbed.
9. Microscopy: Locate under 10x, count under 40x.

6. Instrumentation Anatomy
• RBC Pipette: Has a red bead (for mixing/identification). Marked at 0.5, 1, and 101
(yields a 1:200 dilution).
• Hemocytometer: The central platform has 25 big squares. Each big square has 16
small squares. RBCs are counted in the 16 small squares of the MIDDLE big
square.

7. Calculation
• Formula: (N × Dilution Factor) / (Area Counted × Depth)
• Simplified: N × 10,000 (where N = cells counted in designated area).

8. Normal Values & Clinical Significance

Normal Range
Category Clinical Condition
(million/μl or cumm)

Adult Males 4.7 - 6.1 Increased (Polycythemia): Renal Disease,


Tumor, Dehydration.
Adult
4.2 - 5.4
Females
Decreased (Anemia): Hemolytic Anemia,
Children 4.1 - 5.5 Hemorrhage, Leukemia, Marrow Failure.

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