1.
NATIONAL HEALTH MISSION (NHM)
Introduction
The National Health Mission (NHM) was launched by the Government of India in 2013 by
integrating the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and the National Urban Health
Mission (NUHM). It aims to achieve universal access to equitable, affordable, and
quality healthcare.
Objectives
● Reduce Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)
● Reduce Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
● Reduce Under-5 Mortality Rate
● Achieve replacement-level fertility (TFR 2.1)
● Strengthen public health infrastructure
● Improve access to quality healthcare
● Universal immunization
● Control communicable and non-communicable diseases
Components
A. NRHM
● Rural health services
● Strengthening Sub-centres, PHCs, CHCs
B. NUHM
● Urban slums
● Urban poor
● Migrant population
Core Strategies
● ASHA programme
● Decentralized planning
● Rogi Kalyan Samiti
● Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Committee
● Mobile Medical Units
● Public-Private Partnership
● Health infrastructure strengthening
ASHA
Eligibility
● Woman resident of village
● Age 25–45 years
● Preferably educated up to Class VIII
Functions
● Health education
● Immunization mobilization
● Family planning counselling
● Antenatal and postnatal care
● Newborn care
● DOTS provider
● Referral services
Achievements
● Increased institutional deliveries
● Reduced IMR and MMR
● Better immunization coverage
● Improved rural healthcare
2. RMNCH+A
Full Form
Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health Plus
Introduction
Introduced under NHM to provide continuum of care throughout the life cycle.
Components
1. Reproductive Health
2. Maternal Health
3. Newborn Health
4. Child Health
5. Adolescent Health
Objectives
● Reduce maternal mortality
● Reduce neonatal mortality
● Reduce infant mortality
● Improve adolescent health
● Improve reproductive health
Maternal Health Services
● Early registration of pregnancy
● Minimum four antenatal visits
● TT vaccination
● IFA supplementation
● Institutional delivery
● Postnatal care
Child Health Services
● Essential newborn care
● Breastfeeding
● Immunization
● Management of diarrhoea
● Vitamin A supplementation
Adolescent Health
● Menstrual hygiene
● Nutrition
● Mental health
● Substance abuse prevention
● Sexual and reproductive health
Major Schemes
● Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY)
● Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK)
● Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK)
● Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK)
3. UNIVERSAL IMMUNIZATION
PROGRAMME (UIP)
Introduction
Started as Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) in 1978.
Renamed Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) in 1985.
One of the world’s largest immunization programmes.
Objectives
● Reduce vaccine-preventable diseases
● Reduce infant mortality
● Reduce child mortality
● Achieve high vaccination coverage
Target Beneficiaries
● Infants
● Children
● Pregnant women
Vaccine Preventable Diseases
● Tuberculosis
● Diphtheria
● Pertussis
● Tetanus
● Poliomyelitis
● Hepatitis B
● Hib disease
● Measles
● Rubella
● Rotavirus diarrhoea
● Pneumococcal disease
● Japanese encephalitis (endemic areas)
National Immunization Schedule (Summary)
At Birth
● BCG
● OPV-0
● Hepatitis B Birth Dose
6 Weeks
● Pentavalent-1
● OPV-1
● fIPV-1
● Rotavirus-1
● PCV-1
10 Weeks
● Pentavalent-2
● OPV-2
● Rotavirus-2
14 Weeks
● Pentavalent-3
● OPV-3
● fIPV-2
● Rotavirus-3
● PCV-2
9–12 Months
● MR-1
● JE-1 (endemic areas)
● PCV Booster
● Vitamin A
16–24 Months
● DPT Booster-1
● OPV Booster
● MR-2
● JE-2
● Vitamin A doses
5–6 Years
● DPT Booster-2
10 Years
● Td vaccine
16 Years
● Td vaccine
Vaccines for Pregnant Women
● Td-1
● Td-2
● Td Booster (if previously immunized)
Cold Chain
Maintains vaccine potency from manufacture to administration.
Cold Chain Equipment
● Walk-in cooler
● Walk-in freezer
● Ice-lined refrigerator (ILR)
● Deep freezer
● Cold box
● Vaccine carrier
Open Vial Policy
Certain multidose vaccine vials may be used in subsequent sessions if they meet safety
criteria and are within the permitted period after opening, as per national guidelines.
Mission Indradhanush
Launched to increase immunization coverage among partially immunized and unimmunized
children and pregnant women.
4. NATIONAL TUBERCULOSIS
ELIMINATION PROGRAMME (NTEP)
Introduction
● Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
● India started the National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) in 1962.
● Due to poor outcomes, the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme
(RNTCP) was launched in 1997 using the DOTS strategy.
● In 2020, RNTCP was renamed the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme
(NTEP).
● Goal: Eliminate TB in India by 2025.
Objectives
● Early diagnosis of all TB cases.
● Prompt treatment with quality-assured drugs.
● Prevent TB transmission.
● Reduce TB deaths.
● Manage drug-resistant TB.
● Provide patient support.
Strategies
● Early case detection.
● Universal drug susceptibility testing (UDST).
● Daily fixed-dose combination (FDC) treatment.
● Contact tracing.
● Nutritional support through Nikshay Poshan Yojana.
● Private sector engagement.
● TB preventive treatment for eligible contacts.
Diagnosis
● Sputum smear microscopy.
● CBNAAT/TrueNat.
● Chest X-ray.
● Culture and Drug Susceptibility Testing (DST).
DOTS Strategy
● Political commitment.
● Quality diagnosis.
● Standardized treatment with supervision.
● Uninterrupted drug supply.
● Recording and reporting system.
Treatment Categories
● Drug-sensitive TB.
● Drug-resistant TB (MDR/XDR).
Nikshay
● Digital platform for TB notification, treatment monitoring, and patient follow-up.
High-Yield Points
● NTP: 1962
● RNTCP: 1997
● NTEP: 2020
● Target: TB elimination by 2025
5. NATIONAL AIDS CONTROL
PROGRAMME (NACP)
Introduction
● HIV causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
● NACP was launched in 1992.
● Implemented by the National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO).
Objectives
● Prevent new HIV infections.
● Provide HIV testing and counselling.
● Ensure universal access to antiretroviral therapy (ART).
● Reduce HIV-related mortality.
● Eliminate mother-to-child transmission.
Components
● Behaviour Change Communication (BCC).
● Blood safety.
● Sexually transmitted infection (STI)/Reproductive tract infection (RTI) control.
● HIV testing services.
● ART services.
● Targeted interventions for high-risk groups.
● Prevention of parent-to-child transmission (PPTCT).
High-Risk Groups
● Female sex workers.
● Men who have sex with men (MSM).
● Injecting drug users (IDU).
● Transgender persons.
● Migrant workers.
● Truck drivers.
Prevention
● Safe sex and condom promotion.
● Safe blood transfusion.
● Safe injection practices.
● Screening of blood donors.
● Prevention of mother-to-child transmission.
HIV Testing
● ICTC (Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre).
● Confirmatory testing as per national algorithm.
Treatment
● Free lifelong ART.
● Management of opportunistic infections.
● Viral load monitoring.
High-Yield Points
● NACP launched: 1992
● Implementing agency: NACO
● Free ART available through designated centres.
6. NATIONAL VECTOR BORNE DISEASE
CONTROL PROGRAMME (NVBDCP)
Introduction
The programme aims to prevent and control major vector-borne diseases in India.
Diseases Covered
● Malaria.
● Dengue.
● Chikungunya.
● Japanese Encephalitis (JE).
● Lymphatic Filariasis.
● Kala-azar.
Objectives
● Reduce disease incidence and deaths.
● Early diagnosis and treatment.
● Vector control.
● Community participation.
● Epidemic preparedness.
Strategies
● Integrated Vector Management (IVM).
● Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS).
● Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs).
● Larval source reduction.
● Personal protective measures.
● Behaviour change communication.
● Surveillance.
Disease-Specific Highlights
Malaria
● Diagnosis: Microscopy, Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT).
● Treatment: As per species and national guidelines.
● Prevention: IRS, LLINs, source reduction.
Dengue
● Vector: Aedes aegypti.
● Prevention: Eliminate stagnant water, mosquito control.
Chikungunya
● Vector: Aedes mosquito.
● Management is mainly supportive.
Kala-azar
● Vector: Sandfly.
● Elimination through early diagnosis, treatment, and vector control.
Lymphatic Filariasis
● Annual Mass Drug Administration (MDA).
● Morbidity management and disability prevention.
Japanese Encephalitis
● Vaccination in endemic districts.
● Vector control and surveillance.
High-Yield Points
● Programme covers six major vector-borne diseases.
● Integrated Vector Management (IVM) is the key strategy.
7. NATIONAL LEPROSY ERADICATION
PROGRAMME (NLEP)
Introduction
● Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae.
● National Leprosy Control Programme was launched in 1955.
● Renamed National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP) in 1983 with the
introduction of multidrug therapy (MDT).
Goal
● Early detection and complete treatment.
● Prevent disability and deformity.
● Reduce stigma.
● Sustain elimination.
Objectives
● Detect all new cases early.
● Provide free MDT.
● Prevent disabilities.
● Rehabilitation of affected persons.
Diagnosis
Based on one or more of the following cardinal signs:
1. Hypopigmented or reddish skin lesion with definite sensory loss.
2. Thickened peripheral nerve with sensory/motor impairment.
3. Demonstration of acid-fast bacilli in skin smear.
Classification
Paucibacillary (PB):
● 1–5 skin lesions.
● Usually one nerve involved.
● Skin smear negative.
Multibacillary (MB):
● More than 5 skin lesions.
● Multiple nerves involved.
● May have positive skin smear.
Treatment
PB: Multidrug therapy (MDT) for the recommended duration.
MB: Multidrug therapy (MDT) for the recommended duration with additional drugs as per
national guidelines.
Prevention
● Early diagnosis.
● Contact screening.
● MDT.
● Health education.
● Disability prevention and rehabilitation.
High-Yield Points
● NLCP: 1955
● NLEP: 1983
● Organism: Mycobacterium leprae
● Treatment: MDT provided free of cost.
[Link] Programme for Control of
Blindness & Visual Impairment (NPCBVI)
Introduction
● Launched in 1976 as the National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB).
● Renamed NPCBVI to include visual impairment.
● Implemented by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.
Goal
To reduce the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment and provide accessible,
affordable eye care services.
Objectives
● Reduce avoidable blindness.
● Improve access to comprehensive eye care.
● Increase cataract surgeries.
● Screen and manage refractive errors.
● Strengthen eye care infrastructure.
● Promote eye donation and corneal transplantation.
Major Causes of Blindness in India
● Cataract
● Refractive errors
● Corneal blindness
● Glaucoma
● Diabetic retinopathy
● Childhood blindness
Strategies
● Free cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.
● School eye screening.
● Vision centres.
● Eye banks and corneal transplantation.
● Public awareness.
● Capacity building of ophthalmic personnel.
Services
● Cataract surgery
● Spectacle distribution
● Corneal transplantation
● Glaucoma screening
● Diabetic retinopathy screening
● Low vision services
High-Yield Points
● Launched: 1976
● Main cause of blindness in India: Cataract
● School eye screening is an important component.
[Link] Programme for Prevention &
Control of Cancer, Diabetes,
Cardiovascular Diseases & Stroke
(NPCDCS)
Introduction
● Launched in 2010.
● Aims to reduce the burden of major Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs).
Diseases Covered
● Cancer
● Diabetes mellitus
● Hypertension
● Cardiovascular diseases
● Stroke
Objectives
● Health promotion and prevention.
● Early diagnosis through screening.
● Timely treatment.
● Lifestyle modification.
● Strengthening NCD clinics.
● Rehabilitation and follow-up.
Risk Factors
● Tobacco use
● Alcohol consumption
● Unhealthy diet
● Physical inactivity
● Obesity
● Stress
Strategies
● Population-based screening.
● Opportunistic screening.
● Health education.
● NCD clinics at district and CHC levels.
● Referral services.
● Capacity building.
Population-Based Screening
Screening is recommended for adults 30 years and above for:
● Diabetes
● Hypertension
● Common cancers:
○ Oral cancer
○ Breast cancer
○ Cervical cancer
Components
● Health promotion
● Screening
● Diagnosis
● Treatment
● Follow-up
● Referral
● Palliative care (where applicable)
High-Yield Points
● Launched: 2010
● Focuses on major NCDs.
● Screening begins at 30 years.
10. National Mental Health Programme
(NMHP)
Introduction
● Launched in 1982.
● Aims to provide accessible and affordable mental healthcare and integrate mental
health into general health services.
Objectives
● Ensure availability of mental healthcare.
● Early diagnosis and treatment.
● Community participation.
● Reduce stigma.
● Promote mental health.
● Train healthcare workers.
Strategies
● Integration with primary healthcare.
● Community mental health services.
● School mental health activities.
● Suicide prevention.
● IEC (Information, Education and Communication).
District Mental Health Programme (DMHP)
Major component of NMHP.
Services include:
● Outpatient care
● Inpatient care
● Emergency mental health services
● Counselling
● School mental health
● Public awareness
● Training of health workers
High-Yield Points
● Launched: 1982
● DMHP is the key implementation strategy.
[Link] Programme for Health Care
of the Elderly (NPHCE)
Introduction
● Launched in 2010.
● Provides dedicated healthcare services for people aged 60 years and above.
Objectives
● Promote healthy ageing.
● Prevent disability.
● Early diagnosis and treatment.
● Provide rehabilitation.
● Improve quality of life.
● Strengthen geriatric healthcare services.
Services
Sub-centre
● Health education
● Home visits
● Referral
PHC
● Basic geriatric care
● Screening
● Management of common illnesses
CHC
● Weekly geriatric clinic
● Physiotherapy
● Referral
District Hospital
● Geriatric outpatient department (OPD)
● Inpatient ward
● Diagnostic facilities
● Rehabilitation
Medical College
● Regional Geriatric Centre (RGC)
● Specialist care
● Training and research
Common Geriatric Problems
● Hypertension
● Diabetes
● Arthritis
● Cataract
● Hearing impairment
● Dementia
● Depression
● Osteoporosis
Strategies
● Community-based care.
● Home-based care.
● Referral services.
● Rehabilitation.
● Capacity building of healthcare workers.
High-Yield Points
● Launched: 2010
● Target group: ≥60 years
● Provides care from Sub-centre to Medical College level.
12. National Oral Health Programme
(NOHP)
Introduction
● Launched under the National Health Mission (NHM) to improve oral health and
reduce the burden of oral diseases.
● Focuses on preventive, promotive, curative, and rehabilitative oral healthcare.
Objectives
● Improve oral health awareness.
● Prevent dental diseases.
● Promote healthy oral hygiene practices.
● Early detection of oral diseases, including oral cancer.
● Strengthen oral healthcare services.
Common Oral Diseases
● Dental caries
● Periodontal diseases
● Oral cancer
● Dental fluorosis
● Malocclusion
Strategies
● Oral health education.
● School oral health programme.
● Training of healthcare workers.
● Regular dental screening.
● Strengthening dental units at district hospitals.
● Tobacco cessation counselling.
Services
● Dental examination
● Scaling and fillings
● Tooth extraction
● Referral for specialized care
● Oral cancer screening
High-Yield Points
● Focuses on prevention and early detection.
● Oral cancer prevention is closely linked with tobacco control.
13. National Tobacco Control Programme
(NTCP)
Introduction
● Launched in 2007–08.
● Supports implementation of the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act
(COTPA), 2003.
● Aims to reduce tobacco use and tobacco-related diseases.
Objectives
● Increase awareness about harmful effects of tobacco.
● Reduce tobacco consumption.
● Enforce tobacco control laws.
● Promote tobacco cessation services.
● Protect people from second-hand smoke.
Components
● State Tobacco Control Cells.
● District Tobacco Control Cells.
● Tobacco cessation centres.
● IEC/BCC activities.
● Monitoring and enforcement of COTPA.
Major Strategies
● Health education.
● Ban on smoking in public places.
● Ban on advertisement of tobacco products.
● Sale restrictions near educational institutions.
● Pictorial health warnings.
● Training of healthcare providers.
Tobacco Cessation
● Behavioural counselling.
● Pharmacotherapy where indicated.
● Follow-up support.
High-Yield Points
● Launched: 2007–08
● Related Act: COTPA, 2003
● Focus on prevention, legislation, and cessation.
14. National Iodine Deficiency Disorders
Control Programme (NIDDCP)
Introduction
● Started in 1962 as the National Goitre Control Programme (NGCP).
● Renamed NIDDCP in 1992 because iodine deficiency affects multiple body systems,
not just the thyroid gland.
Objectives
● Assess the magnitude of iodine deficiency disorders.
● Ensure universal consumption of adequately iodized salt.
● Monitor iodine status of the population.
● Conduct health education and awareness.
Iodine Deficiency Disorders
● Goitre
● Cretinism
● Hypothyroidism
● Mental retardation
● Deaf-mutism
● Poor growth and development
● Reduced IQ
Strategies
● Universal Salt Iodization (USI).
● Monitoring iodine content in salt.
● Monitoring urinary iodine levels.
● IEC activities.
● Periodic surveys.
Prevention
● Use only adequately iodized salt.
● Public awareness.
● Quality control of salt production.
High-Yield Points
● NGCP: 1962
● Renamed NIDDCP: 1992
● Main preventive measure: Universal Salt Iodization (USI)
15. National Viral Hepatitis Control
Programme (NVHCP)
Introduction
● Launched in 2018.
● Aims to prevent and control viral hepatitis, with special emphasis on Hepatitis B and
Hepatitis C.
Objectives
● Prevent transmission.
● Early diagnosis.
● Free treatment.
● Reduce illness and deaths due to viral hepatitis.
● Increase awareness.
Hepatitis Covered
● Hepatitis A
● Hepatitis B
● Hepatitis C
● Hepatitis D
● Hepatitis E
Strategies
● Screening of high-risk groups.
● Free diagnostic tests.
● Free treatment for Hepatitis B and C.
● Blood safety.
● Injection safety.
● Infection control.
● Hepatitis B vaccination.
● IEC/BCC activities.
Target Groups
● High-risk populations.
● Pregnant women (as per national guidelines).
● Healthcare workers.
● Patients requiring repeated blood transfusions.
● Dialysis patients.
High-Yield Points
● Launched: 2018
● Main focus: Hepatitis B & C
● Provides free testing and treatment.
16. National Rabies Control Programme
(NRCP)
Introduction
● Rabies is a 100% fatal but 100% vaccine-preventable viral disease.
● NRCP was launched under NHM to reduce human deaths due to rabies.
Objectives
● Prevent human rabies.
● Ensure availability of anti-rabies vaccine (ARV) and rabies immunoglobulin (RIG).
● Improve animal bite management.
● Increase public awareness.
Components
Human Rabies Control
● Proper wound management.
● Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
● Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for high-risk groups.
● Training of healthcare workers.
Animal Rabies Control
● Dog vaccination.
● Dog population management.
● Community awareness.
Management of Animal Bite
Step 1: Immediate washing of wound with soap and running water for at least 15 minutes.
Step 2: Apply an antiseptic.
Step 3: Assess exposure category.
Step 4: Administer Anti-Rabies Vaccine (ARV).
Step 5: Administer Rabies Immunoglobulin (RIG) for Category III exposures.
WHO Exposure Categories
Category I
● Touching or feeding animals.
● Licks on intact skin.
● No PEP required.
Category II
● Minor scratches or abrasions without bleeding.
● ARV required.
Category III
● Bites, deep scratches, saliva on broken skin or mucosa.
● ARV + RIG required.
Prevention
● Vaccination of dogs.
● Responsible pet ownership.
● Prompt wound washing.
● Timely PEP.
● Community education.
High-Yield Points
● Rabies is almost invariably fatal after symptom onset but preventable with timely
PEP.
● Wash the wound immediately with soap and water for 15 minutes.
● Category III exposure: ARV + RIG.
17. National Programme for Prevention
and Control of Deafness (NPPCD)
Introduction
● Launched in 2007.
● Aims to prevent hearing impairment and provide early diagnosis and treatment.
Objectives
● Prevent avoidable hearing loss.
● Early identification of hearing impairment.
● Provide treatment and rehabilitation.
● Increase awareness.
● Develop human resources.
Strategies
● Newborn hearing screening.
● School hearing screening.
● Screening of high-risk groups.
● Training of healthcare workers.
● Strengthening ENT services.
Causes of Hearing Loss
● Congenital disorders
● Ear infections
● Noise exposure
● Ototoxic drugs
● Ageing
● Trauma
Services
● Hearing assessment
● Hearing aids
● ENT care
● Cochlear implant referral
● Rehabilitation
High-Yield Points
● Launched: 2007
● Focus: Prevention, early detection, rehabilitation
18. National Programme for Prevention
and Control of Fluorosis (NPPCF)
Introduction
● Launched in 2008–09.
● Prevents and controls fluorosis caused by excess fluoride in drinking water.
Objectives
● Prevent fluorosis.
● Early diagnosis.
● Improve safe drinking water.
● Health education.
● Surveillance.
Types of Fluorosis
● Dental fluorosis
● Skeletal fluorosis
● Non-skeletal fluorosis
Prevention
● Safe drinking water
● Defluoridation
● Nutrition improvement
● Community awareness
High-Yield Points
● Main cause: Excess fluoride in drinking water
● Prevention: Safe water supply
19. National Programme for Palliative
Care (NPPC)
Introduction
● Launched in 2012.
● Improves quality of life of patients with life-limiting illnesses.
Objectives
● Pain relief.
● Symptom management.
● Psychological support.
● Family support.
● Home-based care.
Beneficiaries
● Cancer patients.
● Terminal illnesses.
● Chronic neurological diseases.
● End-stage organ failure.
● Elderly patients requiring supportive care.
Services
● Pain management
● Counselling
● Home care
● Rehabilitation
● End-of-life care
High-Yield Points
● Goal: Improve quality of life, not cure disease.
20. Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram
(RBSK)
Introduction
● Launched in 2013 under NHM.
● Provides early identification and early intervention for children from birth to 18
years.
Objectives
● Detect health conditions early.
● Provide free treatment.
● Prevent disability.
Target Population
● Newborns.
● Anganwadi children (6 weeks–6 years).
● School children (6–18 years).
4Ds under RBSK
1. Defects at Birth
2. Deficiencies
3. Diseases
4. Developmental Delays including Disabilities
Birth Defects (examples)
● Congenital heart disease
● Cleft lip
● Club foot
● Neural tube defects
● Down syndrome
Deficiencies
● Anaemia
● Vitamin A deficiency
● Vitamin D deficiency
● Severe acute malnutrition
Diseases
● Skin diseases
● Dental diseases
● Heart diseases
● Asthma
● Sickle cell disease (in endemic areas)
Developmental Delays
● Vision impairment
● Hearing impairment
● Autism spectrum disorder
● Cerebral palsy
● Language delay
● Learning disorders
Mobile Health Teams
● Visit Anganwadis and schools.
● Screen children.
● Refer cases to District Early Intervention Centres (DEICs).
High-Yield Points
● Launched: 2013
● Age group: Birth–18 years
● Key concept: 4Ds
● Referral centre: DEIC
21. Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya
Karyakram (RKSK)
Introduction
● Launched in 2014.
● Focuses on the health of adolescents aged 10–19 years.
Objectives
● Improve adolescent health.
● Promote healthy behaviour.
● Prevent risk behaviours.
Six Priority Areas
1. Nutrition
2. Sexual and reproductive health
3. Mental health
4. Substance misuse
5. Injuries and violence
6. Non-communicable diseases
Components
● Adolescent Friendly Health Clinics (AFHCs)
● Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS)
● Menstrual hygiene scheme
● Peer educator programme
High-Yield Points
● Launched: 2014
● Age group: 10–19 years
● Six priority areas are frequently asked in exams.
22. Integrated Disease Surveillance
Programme (IDSP)
Introduction
● Launched in 2004.
● Strengthens disease surveillance for early detection and response to outbreaks.
Objectives
● Detect outbreaks early.
● Monitor epidemic-prone diseases.
● Strengthen laboratory network.
● Improve reporting.
Components
● Surveillance units.
● Laboratory support.
● Data collection and analysis.
● Rapid Response Teams (RRTs).
Reporting Forms
● S Form: Suspected cases (health workers)
● P Form: Presumptive cases (medical officers)
● L Form: Laboratory-confirmed cases
High-Yield Points
● Launched: 2004
● Rapid Response Team (RRT) investigates outbreaks.
● S–P–L reporting is an important exam topic.
23. Ayushman Bharat
Introduction
Launched in 2018 to achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC).
Components
A. Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs)
Provide comprehensive primary healthcare:
● Maternal and child health
● NCD screening
● Mental health
● Geriatric care
● Palliative care
● Basic dental and eye care
B. Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY)
● Health insurance for eligible economically vulnerable families.
● Covers secondary and tertiary care hospitalization at empanelled hospitals.
Objectives
● Reduce out-of-pocket expenditure.
● Improve access to quality healthcare.
● Strengthen primary healthcare.
● Achieve Universal Health Coverage.
High-Yield Points
● Launched: 2018
● Two pillars: HWCs and PM-JAY
24. Nutrition Programmes
Major National Nutrition Programmes
● POSHAN Abhiyaan
● Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)
● Anaemia Mukt Bharat (AMB)
● Mid-Day Meal (PM POSHAN)
● Vitamin A Supplementation
● Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS)
Objectives
● Reduce malnutrition.
● Reduce anaemia.
● Improve child growth.
● Improve maternal nutrition.
High-Yield Points
● ICDS: Supplementary nutrition, immunization, health check-up, referral, preschool
education and nutrition & health education.
● Anaemia Mukt Bharat: Focus on reducing anaemia in children, adolescents, women
of reproductive age and pregnant women.
25. School Health Programme
Objectives
● Promote healthy lifestyle.
● Detect diseases early.
● Improve nutrition.
● Health education.
● Mental health promotion.
Components
● Health screening
● Immunization
● Deworming
● Nutrition education
● Menstrual hygiene
● Dental and eye check-ups
● Referral services
High-Yield Points
● School is an ideal setting for preventive and promotive health services.
● Contributes to early identification of health problems.