OB – GYN INSTRUMENTS

PARTS &
INSTRUMENT DIAGRAM INDICATIONS FOR USE TECHNIQUE OF USE ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
DESCRIPTION
Ob/Gyn:
▪ Non-self-retaining ▪ Acute urine retention
rubber urinary during pregnancy
catheter. ▪ Draining bladder during
Used for Reusable Not self-retaining
▪ One end - blunt/ labour or before
1. Red Rubber intermittent following (must be held or
rounded with a operative delivery
Catheter urethral sterilization used
subterminal ▪ Managing PPH
catheterization. (boiling). intermittently).
opening Other:
▪ Another end - ▪ Tourniquet
open/ expanded. ▪ Mucus sucker
▪ O2 administration
▪ Continuous bladder
▪ Self-retaining drainage in acute/
silicon rubber chronic retention
catheter. ▪ Major surgeries
▪ Tip has a (caesarean, The balloon is
subterminal hysterectomy) usually inflated Self-retaining;
2. Foley's Self-
opening. ▪ Severe pre – with saline or allows for Disposed of after
Retaining
▪ Below it is a eclampsia distilled water to continuous single use.
Catheter
balloon for ▪ Obstructed labour keep the catheter drainage.
inflation. ▪ Incontinence self-retained.
▪ Has two channels ▪ VVF repair
(drainage and ▪ Also used for cervical
inflation). ripening and saline
infusion sonography.

▪ Metal catheter ▪ Intermittent bladder

▪ Curved at one catheterization when
end with a blunt a red rubber catheter
-
3. Female Metal tip and a is unavailable.
- -
Catheter subterminal ▪ Used to empty
opening near the bladder before
tip for urinary procedures like
drainage. vaginal hysterectomy.

▪ Non-self-retaining. Patient in dorsal

▪ Blades at both ▪ Inspecting cervix/ position (hips
ends are unequal vagina for discharge flexed) or
sizes. or bleeding lithotomy. Patient must be at
4. Sims' Double- ▪ Central handle ▪ Cervical tear repair Lubricate blades, the edge of the
Bladed Posterior has a concave ▪ D&C separate labia, table.
-
Vaginal Wall groove for ▪ Routine exams insert transverse Not self-retaining
Speculum drainage of ▪ Retracting posterior axis of blade (needs an
blood/ secretions. vaginal wall in along introitus, assistant to hold it)
▪ Rounded blade hysterectomy or then rotate 90° to
ends avoid polypectomy. retract posterior
trauma. wall.
 ▪ Inspecting cervix/ Lubricate blades.
▪ Two blades joined vagina Insert with closed Covers anterior/
5. Cusco's by screws ▪ Routine speculum blades into posterior walls
Self-retaining
Bivalved, ▪ Handle has a rod/ exams vagina. (obscures view).
(no assistant
Metallic screw system to ▪ Colposcopy Rotate 90°, open
needed to hold
Vaginal open, close, and ▪ Cervical and uterine to retract anterior/ Space occupying
it in position).
Speculum adjust space procedures (Pap posterior walls, with less
between blades. smear, biopsy, IUCD) and tighten manoeuvrability.
▪ IUI procedure fixation screw.
▪ Long instrument
with a shaft and
oval fenestrated Used in conjunction with
6. Sims' Anterior ends on both Sims' speculum to retract
Vaginal Wall sides with the anterior vaginal wall - - -
Retractor transverse to visualize the cervix and
serrations. vagina.
▪ Ends are angled
15° to the shaft.
▪ Cleaning skin before
surgery
▪ Metallic
▪ Swabbing cavities
instrument with
▪ Holding pregnant
fenestrated rings
cervix Less traumatic
7. Rampley's ▪ Transverse
▪ Removing products of than a vulsellum
Sponge Holding serrations on the - -
conception when holding a
Forceps inner side
▪ Checking for pregnant cervix.
▪ Handle has a
haemostasis
ratchet and a
▪ Holding bowel/
catch.
omentum away during
surgery.
▪ Grasping/ retracting
▪ Sharp, serrated,
tough tissues (fascia)
multiple teeth at
▪ Holding rectus sheath
8. Allis Tissue one end.
▪ Holding vaginal flaps, - - -
Holding Forceps ▪ Handle has a
anterior lip of cervix, or
ratchet and a
vaginal vault during
catch.
repairs/ hysterectomy.
▪ Long metallic
instrument with a ▪ Holding angles of
tooth at the tip of uterine incision in
one blade and a caesarean
corresponding ▪ Holding vaginal apex Holds tissues
9. Kocher's groove on the during episiotomy firmly when
- -
Forceps other. repair locked; slippage
▪ Handle has a ▪ Artificial rupture of is less.
ratchet and a membranes
catch. ▪ Clamping umbilical
▪ (Straight and cord.
curved types).
 ▪ Instrument used
to grasp needles.
▪ Inner surface of
Pronation and
tip has serrations
supination action Firm grip due to
and a small Used to hold the needle
10. Needle Holder is needed to pass textured/ short -
groove. during surgical suturing.
the needle in its jaws.
▪ Jaws are textured
curve.
and short
compared to the
shank.

▪ Blades with ▪ Securing haemostasis

transverse ▪ Clamping pedicles
11. Curved &
serrations on inner ▪ Holding/ ligating
Straight Artery
surface. sutures - - -
Haemostatic
▪ Handle with a ▪ Holding rectus sheath
Forceps
ratchet and ▪ Clamping umbilical
catch. cord.

▪ Securing haemostasis
▪ Holding stay sutures in
12. Sharp Curved
▪ Small variety of abdominal/ vaginal
Mosquito - - -
artery forceps. surgeries
Haemostat
▪ Opening cavities of
abscesses.

▪ Holding tubular
▪ Triangular curved
structures (fallopian
blades.
tube, appendix, Atraumatic to
13. Babcock ▪ When locked, has
ureter, intestine) - tubular -
Forceps space between
without compressing structures.
blades to contain
them; holding round
tissue.
ligament.

▪ Holding angles of
▪ Triangular-shaped uterine incision in
Secures
14. Green- wide edges that caesarean
haemostasis
Armytage help compress a ▪ Clamping bleeding - -
over a wide
Forceps wide area of uterine vessels in
area.
tissues. lower-segment
caesarean sections.
 ▪ Thumb forceps
15. DeBakey Grasping fine tissue and Causes little to
with narrow tips
Atraumatic blood vessels during - no damage to -
and atraumatic
Tissue Forceps surgical procedures. tissues.
teeth.

Grasping/ holding tough Helps hold

16. Toothed Tissue ▪ Forceps with a
structures like fascia, skin, - tough tissues -
Forceps toothed end.
and rectus sheath. securely.

▪ Non-self-retaining,
Retracting abdominal
heavy abdominal
wall and bladder during
retractor with a
17. Doyen's abdominal surgeries
large curved - - -
Retractor (caesarean,
blade and
myomectomy,
inward-turning
laparotomy).
margin.
▪ Non-self-retaining
abdominal
retractor having a Retracting abdominal
18. Deaver's
large curved walls and bladder during - - -
Retractor
blade. abdominal surgeries.
▪ Available in
different sizes.

Prolonged use can

cause bruising,
Retracting the Self-retaining;
19. Self-Retaining ▪ Retractor with nerve
abdominal wall in more an assistant is
Abdominal Wall movable blades - compression, or
than one direction during not required to
Retractor fixed by screws. muscle necrosis. It
abdominal surgeries. hold it in place.
is space-
occupying.

▪ Spiral corkscrew ▪ Performing

with a pointed tip myomectomy Screwed into the
20. Doyen's Myoma
and a ring- ▪ Steadying the uterus uterine fundus to - -
Screw
shaped handle during abdominal steady the uterus.
for gripping. hysterectomy.

▪ Long instrument
▪ Holding/ steadying the Not preferred
with a gentle The gentle
cervix during vaginal Should be held during pregnancy
curve. curve prevents
21. Vulsellum procedures (biopsy, with the tip facing (can cause
▪ Tips of blades obstruction of
IUCD insertion, upwards. cervical tears/
have three to four the line of vision.
hysterectomy) lacerations).
teeth.
 ▪ Holding posterior lip of
cervix during Not preferred
▪ Instrument with a culdocentesis. during pregnancy
22. Single-Toothed
single pointed - - (can cause
Tenaculum
hook at one end. cervical tears/
lacerations).

▪ Tough tissue dissection

▪ Sturdy scissors (rectus sheath, utero –
curved at an sacral ligaments,
23. Mayo's Scissors angle along its vaginal flaps) - - -
long axis in the ▪ Cutting obliquely
horizontal plane. directed tissues/
pedicles.

▪ Fine dissection; cutting

▪ Curved scissors delicate tissues
24. Metzenbaum that are more (peritoneum, UV fold)
- - -
Scissors delicate than ▪ Retroperitoneal
Mayo's scissors. dissection
▪ Releasing adhesions.

▪ Cutting suture material

25. Straight Scissors ▪ Straight scissors. during surgical - - -
procedures.

▪ Handle with a Specific blade

notch to fit the Usually held by sizes cater to
▪ Incising skin and
26. Bard-Parker blade. Blades are pencil grip, and its different incision
subcutaneous tissue
Scalpel with available in movement is types (e.g., No. -
▪ Stab incisions for
Blade different sizes directed by thumb 11 for stabs, No.
drains/ abscesses.
(e.g., No. 20, 15, and index finger. 20 for long
11). edges).

▪ Holding and retracting

▪ Instrument with surgical drapes
27. Towel Clip curved, ▪ Fixing diathermy - - -
overlapping tips. cables and suction
tubes during surgery.
 ▪ Long angulated
▪ Measuring Can cause uterine
instrument (~30
uterocervical length perforation or a
cm) with a blunt The tip is blunt to
28. Simpson's ▪ Serving as a first dilator false passage if
tip. avoid injury and
Graduated ▪ Diagnosing cervical direction or size is
▪ Graduated in perforation when -
Metallic Uterine stenosis misjudged
inches/cm. introduced into
Sound ▪ Breaking adhesions (especially in a
▪ Bent at an angle the uterine cavity.
▪ Determining IUCD soft, pregnant
~7 cm from the
position. uterus).
tip.
▪ Long metallic
▪ Endometrial sampling
instrument with a
in AUB, secondary
shaft and an oval
amenorrhea, TB Can cause uterine
29. Uterine Curette fenestrated end. - -
endometritis perforation.
▪ Available with
▪ Removing embedded
blunt or sharp
IUCDs.
edges.
The absence of
▪ Long metallic
a lock prevents
instrument with
▪ Removing products of inadvertent
spoon-shaped
conception from the crushing of
30. Ovum Forceps fenestrated - -
uterine cavity during tissues (e.g.,
blades.
surgical abortion. uterine wall/
▪ Handle has NO
intra-abdominal
lock.
structures).

The lower number

▪ Curved, double- size is introduced
▪ Rapid dilatation of the
ended dilators first. A slight
cervix (for
31. Hegar's Dilators with conical tips. angulation at the - -
hysteroscopy, D&C,
▪ Available in ends negotiates
cervical stenosis, etc.).
graded size sets. the cervical
canal.

▪ Long tubular Distal end fixes to

Plastic variant is
structure (plastic ▪ Suction evacuation suction tubing
32. Karman's preferred as it is
or metal) varying during surgical Proximal end
Suction less traumatic, -
from 4 to 12 mm. abortion or molar introduced into
Cannula transparent,
▪ Has two side pregnancy. uterine cavity to
and disposable.
openings. collect contents.

▪ Heavy, metallic, Kept sterile by

curved forceps ▪ Picking and keeping it dipped
33. Cheatle
having serrations transferring sterile linen in an antiseptic - -
Forceps
for better grip. or instruments. solution (Savlon,
▪ No lock. Cidex).
 Angulation of
Blunt end is blades helps in
▪ Scissors with ▪ Used for giving introduced into better
34. Episiotomy
angulated blades episiotomy during the vagina to visualization -
Scissors
and one blunt tip. vaginal delivery. avoid foetal Prevents
damage. damage to
foetal parts.

▪ Cutting the umbilical

35. Umbilical Cord- ▪ Short scissors with
cord following - - -
Cutting Scissors curved blades.
delivery.

36. Suture-Cutting ▪ Removal of skin

▪ Fine scissors. - - -
Scissors sutures.

▪ Made of plastic,
Kept in place until
supplied in a
▪ Clamping the it falls off with the
37. Disposable sterile pack. Lock makes its
umbilical cord detached -
Cord Clamp ▪ Has a serrated grip firm.
following delivery. umbilical cord
inner surface and
stump.
a lock.

Bifurcated end is
▪ Wooden spatula
▪ Taking Pap smears introduced into Made of wood
(15-20 cm) with
▪ Taking surface biopsies cervical canal, so that cells can
38. Ayre's Wooden one smooth
in cervical carcinoma rotated 360°, and easily adhere to -
Spatula bifurcated edge
▪ Collecting vaginal exfoliated cells its porous
and one broad
secretions. are smeared on a surface.
end.
glass slide.

Device is rotated
around cervix,
39. Cervical Broom ▪ Plastic stick-like
▪ Taking specimens for then rinsed in a
Sampling structure having a - -
liquid-based cytology. vial containing
Device broom-like head.
liquid medium to
transfer samples.
 The gap
▪ Blades have
▪ Lifting, holding, and between
curved transverse
steadying the uterus transverse bars
40. Uterus Holding bars, leaving a
during procedures - makes the -
Forceps gap between the
(sling surgeries, tubal instrument
bars when
surgeries). atraumatic to
locked.
the uterus.

▪ Conservative
management of Supports the
uterovaginal prolapse uterus by resting
▪ Ring-shaped
41. Ring Pessary (e.g., during - on the levators -
plastic device.
pregnancy/ lactation, that act as
or if surgery is shelves.
contraindicated).

Wider side pressed

on maternal
abdomen; Not used in clinical
▪ Hollow metal tool
clinician's ear Amplifies sound settings today due
42. Pinard's functioning ▪ Auscultation of the
applied to the for better to availability of
Stethoscope similarly to a foetal heart rate.
tapering rim. auscultation. advanced
trumpet.
Should not be devices.
touched by hand
during listening.

Bleeding may
▪ Instrument with a
follow the
smaller blade with ▪ Taking punch biopsies
43. Cervical Punch procedure
a sharp cutting- from the cervix or any - -
Biopsy Forceps (controlled by
edge fitting into a growth.
pressure or
larger blade.
cautery).

▪ Long hollow
instrument with a Stylet helps
Instrument is
44. Novak's blunt tip, collect the
angulated for
Endometrial subterminal ▪ Endometrial sampling. tissue sample -
introduction into
Biopsy Curette opening, serrated and clean the
the uterine cavity.
edges, and a instrument.
stylet.
▪ Metal cannula ▪ Hysterosalpingography Fits snugly into the
45. Leech-
with a conical tip ▪ Chromopertubation cervical canal
Wilkinson - -
having screw-like ▪ Instilling dye into the due to screw-like
Cannula
serrations. uterine cavity. serrations.
 ▪ Providing drainage Provides
▪ Red rubber following open enhanced
46. Malecot's
catheter with a abdominal surgeries - drainage and -
Catheter
flower tip. ▪ Draining fluid from catheter
peritoneal cavity. retention.

Helps in healing
Soaked in of decubitus
▪ Made of cotton
47. Vaginal ▪ Vaginal packing in acriflavine and ulcer by
wrapped in a -
Tampon uterovaginal prolapse. glycerine prior to reducing
gauze piece.
insertion. congestion/
oedema.

▪ Receiving soiled
▪ Shallow basin dressings/ waste
having a kidney- ▪ Collecting urine,
48. Kidney Tray - - -
shaped base and placenta, or blood
sloping walls clots
▪ Holding swabs.

▪ Sharp,
▪ Holding tough/bulky
fenestrated,
tissue (like uterus in
49. Lane's Tissue curved blades at
vaginal hysterectomy) - - -
Holding Forceps one end and a
▪ Grasping dressing/
handle with a
surgical materials.
lock at the other.

▪ L-shaped Introduced into

▪ Retracting the bladder
instrument with a the anterior pouch Flat blade
50. Landon's during vaginal
flat blade at right after the UV fold provides a -
Retractor surgeries (vaginal
angles to the of peritoneum has better grip.
hysterectomy).
handle. been opened.

▪ Single-bladed ▪ Retracting superficial

right-angled skin/ subcutaneous
51. Langenbeck's retractor tissue
- - -
Retractor ▪ Fenestration ▪ Retracting bladder/
between blade vaginal walls during
and handle. vaginal hysterectomy
 Adequate
retraction
▪ Retractor with
▪ Retracting abdominal ensures no
two spikes on one
52. Czerny's wall or abdominal damage is
end and a broad - -
Retractor organs during caused to
surface on the
surgeries. underlying
other.
tissues during
dissection.

▪ Cannula ▪ Suctioning blood,

53. Suction connected to a clearing surgical fields,
- - -
Cannula suction apparatus or suctioning liquor
by rubber tubing. during LSCS.

Air squeezed out

of bulb, rubber tip
▪ Removing excess gently inserted
Prevents
▪ Rubber object mucus from the mouth into mouth/ nostril,
54. Bulb Syringe/ aspiration by
with a long tip and nostrils of the released slowly, -
Suction Bulb clearing
and a bulb. baby following then removed/
airways.
delivery. squeezed
forcefully to expel
mucus.
▪ Tubal recanalization Microsurgical
Minimizes
55. Microsurgical ▪ Fine instruments procedures techniques used
postoperative -
Instruments and sutures. ▪ Surgeries for tubal with
adhesions.
causes of infertility. magnification.
▪ Veress needle ▪ Creating
Introduced
(spring-loaded) pneumoperitoneum
through port sites
▪ Trocar/cannula ▪ Inspecting the
56. Laparoscopy into the peritoneal
(trumpet valve) peritoneal cavity - -
Instruments cavity and
▪ Laparoscope ▪ Operative
connected to light
(0°/30°), laparoscopy (using
source/monitor.
▪ Accessory ports. graspers, scissors, etc.).
 SURGICAL SUTURES
ABSORBABLE NON – ABSORBABLE
Suture material will break down harmlessly in the body over time without intervention Suture material is nonabsorbable unless manually removed.
They are often used internally. They are often used externally
Rapidly absorbable: Catgut, chromic catgut.
Delayed absorbable (braided): Polyglycolic acid (Dexon), polyglactin 910 (Vicryl). Polypropylene (Prolene), nylon (Ethilon), silk.
Delayed absorbable (monofilament): Polyglyconate (Maxon), polydioxanone (PDS).

Monofilament Polyfilament or Braided

Better Passage for Tissues Provide better knot security than monofilament sutures
Elicit lower tissue reaction compared with braided sutures. They are braided and often coated with materials such as silicon, wax, and polycaprolactone.
Polypropylene, catgut, nylon, polyglyconate, and polydioxanone. Polyglycolic acid, polyglactin 910, silk.

Natural Sutures Synthetic Sutures

Silk and catgut sutures. All other sutures are synthetic in nature.

Coated Uncoated
Usually applied to braided sutures Monofilament sutures are usually not coated
Coating materials used are chromium salt, silicon, wax, polycaprolactone, calcium stearate, etc. Newer functional coatings such as antimicrobial coating are given to both monofilament and
multifilament sutures.
Polyglycolic acid sutures, chromic catgut, polyglactin 910, silk, and polydioxanone sutures. Monofilament polypropylene, monofilament nylon.

Surgical Needles
Straight Needles Curved Needles
Used for skin closure Curved
Description Usage
Suturing without the need of needle holder. Needle Type
Used for tissues that are easy to
penetrate — used for structures
Taper Point Gradually tapers to a point and cross-section is
within peritoneal cavity such as
Needles round.
pedicles, bladder, peritoneum,
and blood vessels.
Cutting Triangular tip, with apex forming the cutting Used for tough tissues such as
Needles surface. skin.

Reverse
Similar to cutting needle, but the cutting surface Used for tough tissues such as
Cutting
faces down or on the outer side of the needle. tendon sheath and skin.
Needle

Attachment to Needle – Eyed and Eyeless