LDE)
Ubt-I: Linear Differentiad Equationg ( Date
and Applitations
LDE of nth osdeT with congtant coeffiients,
Comglemerdtay function, Poticular irteg ral
Genea) method, short-ct methocds,Method of
vasaion of paroameters, 'Cauchy's and
Leqendre's DE SimultaneDus and symnetaic
simwtain2ous DE, Apoliations tö circut
lanalysis &signa) processing
* Linears differential cqudion wth ronstant
coefficients: A differertial equation which
contains the differenda coeffAGents
first degaee,
and the dependent vatable in theaderivatie
does not nyolve the roduct of
wh another de vative or with dependent
vaxiableand in which 4heitoeffcients qoc
Constamts is called a linear differential equation
wIthconstayt coeficierds
nth order linear differendia ucdicn oith
constant coeffientsi A ditferentil eguadi0'n
ahly dh2y44any=f(*)
dcn dyrn dorn-z
Where doa Qn ane Constants
is caled a nth 0mdez linear differenia
eouadion witth constat coefficients
Led the diçfesertia opesdto oper opevator
Dto stand fox ie Dy= dy -Dy=
,.
mynotes
dn
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The. eguation will take tho form
t+4n)4= f )
-
Let o)= a , ) + a 7 + 4i
t +ah,
(D) is called as nth order polynomial in D
Equation can be' untten asi p
(0)y =f()
Note In equation , if Ca , an
functions of hen iti is called
nth order lineat differrdial iequaction
Auxi liary equation (AE):
Lf D)4=f ) . be a linear ditferendial
equatton with (onstant coefficientsthen
the equation dD)=0 is called as an
auxi liay equati on fo CA) for dhe
equation (o)y=foc)
Jy -[Link] -
de
By usinq opeiotoriDfox
and y=d2y.
d
Equatton O, can be wotten a
mynat3s
y Koawlsd2 bant
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Pagetio.
(D)y=fcc)
Hee (0)=5)+6 and f ( ) 0
The auxiliars equation (AE) is
(63)= 0)
*Soluion" of (0)y=0
*Diferend cases for the solution of ¢cD)y=0:
Case I Real cond different Dots
0ots. of )=0 be m,m,m m n +
all one realand aifferent then he solution.
of cD) y=0 wll be
y= em4,e"a+Gem +Cne
Cose 2:Reo) and repeatecl ats
he roots of o() =0 be m,m, (ie. m,M, gTegeate
|tuxo \mes) áre gec, and mm Mp a
eal and differert ,ther Soudiorn of (0)430 is
y= (9xtcz)eh4 e Get... +Che"
Smilaxty if oots of () =0 be m=m,= n
(ie m, repeat ed. hree +imes)' are real , and
M M s M a7e real and ditferent
Mnynotes y=(Grt+g)e*+,e"4ce e
My Kncwledge bank
= my i.e n 9045 of G)=6
ae rea andl cqua then soluction of (Ot
c)y=o is y= (C,n4C2 eh4. +
G*ch)e
Case 3:.Tmaginany (Complex)ots
Ifthemagapots
m,= o+ig iand m,=d-iß cve imaginary
Dots of )=0,hen the part of solution
of o )y=0 will be
Case 4: Repeatec /magi namy oots
I the îmaginay 0otk m= dtip and mzd- ip
of ()=0 are repeated tuwotimnes, then the
part of soluction. of )y=0 will be
y=*(Sat2) (os (2) +(orta) sin(px) 7
Specal casei If the too real pot of (0)=o
be mand -mthen the pat
ot solution of ()4=0 will be
e:g- For (o-1) y=o - Solucion is
y=c, cos hcc)tz Sinh(a)
For (D 4)yQ Solution is
ete.
Ex O ox dy dy
AE JS DSD-6o
-and Gare 0ots 0f auxliary Qguatiorn
N The soluion is
2 for(Dc +g)y=o
A:E s D=s)tg ie. (D--3)7-0
3 amd 3 aro Dots of auxi liany -eguation(A E)
1he solution is
y=(Grt Cz)e3
tor [(D-)3 (D41) 1y=0
T0ot of AE
The soludion; is
4).Foz [(o-1) ()]y=.0.,
A:E is ( ) 0+ =o
( L - and are 0ots 0fAE
1he
4ntes
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G Fox (pt 4)yo,
D= t 2j D=012)sdtiß ).4s0,p= 2
2) and 2i . ae [Link]
| .. The soludion is yae(os(pr)t gsin(ar)
y= o*(G,cos(2*) +9 sinl2x))
9y os(22) + gsin (ia)|
(C)Fo dt2
Let DStanc for
dt,
is D4 =0
2i amd -zi aare 00tr of"A E.
The soltion is
(<pos(2t) +(4 sin(t) )
, Cos (2t)+ 2sint)|
dz4
dz
AE is-16 =0 (=4).(044)z0
(9-2)(042) (1+4)=o
2-2,;2i and -2i ae ots of At
The Solution is
ynotas
+ cos(2z) + ,sin(2z)
Pace
The qeneral solutioyn [Link] linear differtal
cquation (D)Y= f():
The qeneral, solution of the equaion.
o(o)y=f() can be witten as y=yy
where
O Ye is the soluton of the giren equatton
with fc) =0 that is of equatton (D) y=0
and is called 4he ComplRmentany fundion CCF)
Tt (ontains 'n osbitras onstarnt andisi
denoted by cif:
p isS any funcËon of x, which saisties
+he equation (o)y=f), so tht
ypis called the paoticwlar inteqhal and is
denoted by pt Tt does. not cohtaiin any
roitoy constart
The Piof the equatHon (I)y=fcac)
is symbolicaly giren by
(f(x)
)
e9: (D-)y 2
1
-(a)
For (0 39 +2) y sin(e*)
mynota
(sin(e*)
My Ktoeetze bark
Note : the complede solution of (o)y - f() is
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Paga No.:
Methed of obtoining -paticular inteqal:
There ae three methods to evauate
4e particular intega Yp a) (Fo)
CA) General method
(e) shortat methodg
(c) Method of vanation of paramete s
A)Gehexa method
This method is useful when he short - ut
|maheds giveh in(B) are not appliable
-fca) d
D m
Similarly, thepT 0f the eouatt'on
(D+m)yf /s
mc fo) doc
-m) (D-M,)] y=f) is
Mnynotas
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bank My
mynotes
yp and yefind To
eamis
dilf. given the solutHon
of genge The
dy
is DE givern
Sol":The
dy42y=
e 3dy Jy Solve DEX
e
)
(fc)) (0-n) (D-m)
fractin
is
partial using (0-m)]y=
(o) f [(o-m)
n the (pT)
of inteqrad parstial
ar The HiD
NO.: Page
Date:
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AE: ofthe aiven diferntia euaion is
+2040426 )D(D42)4(DH2) =
(eee)
D+39+2
(ee).
(D+2)(D+1)
D+2
Dt2
put e = t e d=dt
Dt2 D+2
ee
Mnynotos
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bank My
mynotes
oh soOmd
Similarl,y
(sfodr) D
fe)) )=
Cf)
D
dcfc) (fc))= ypNode:
ee4 y
eoadion
is differenial
given the solution
of genral the Hence,
e* e+ e+ y=
O)
and ) Po
m
3) eJp=e2
d ee
(eet) d
No. Page
Date:
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| Pag No
ExQSolve Co')y=esin(8) 4 cos (e )
SoinThe given diffeoend ial aguation s
(3-)y-e sinCe-) 4 cos (e)
To find he qnera solution of the
given diffeential cquatio
diffendia equation îs
Fiast o find Ye
AE f the giuen diffeaential egn is
D=0
|and- ae
To find yo
ö-) CD+1)
ein( e )+tosle*
Dete:
|Page No.:
1
e*(coste) +e ine)a
fefx) + f'e)]d=e f(a)
eT cosle) )
D-)
(cos(e ))
Ye=eE*(ros (e*)) da
put e = t
e d x =-dt
et cos(4) (-dt )
pa-e(cos (+) dt
sin(t)e
:yp=-et sin(e)
The qene sa) solution ( Complete soltion) is
e-esin(é)
imynotes
My KncwltCce ban.
Pagn No.
solve (3243042)y sin (e)
Ans: y=ce-2 4 c e 2sin(e)
Solve dy dy
Ans: y = c t e + -loc1+e )
e*oqC14e)
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