Chapter 23 – Problems

Problem 1:
I was asked to find the average induced emf when a 1200-turn, 25.0 cm
diameter coil is rotated from perpendicular to parallel to the Earth’s magnetic
field in 8.0 ms.

First, I calculated the change in magnetic flux. Since the coil goes from
maximum flux (perpendicular) to zero (parallel), the change in flux is:

ΔΦ=B × A=(5.00 ×10 ⁻⁵ T )×(π ×(0.125 m)²)≈ 2.45 ×10 ⁻⁶Wb

Then I used Faraday’s Law: emf =−N × ΔΦ/ Δt

emf =−(1200 ×2.45 ×10 ⁻⁶)/( 8.0× 10 ⁻³)≈ 0.3675V

So, the average induced emf is approximately 0.368 V.

Problem 2:
(a) I used Ohm’s Law: I =emf / R=0.368 V /0.0150 Ω=24.5 A

(b) Power=I ² R=(24.5)² ×0.0150 ≈ 9.01 W

(c) For the field at the center of a current loop: B=μ ₀∈¿(2 R)

μ ₀=4 π × 10⁻ ⁷ T·m / A , N =1200 , R=0.125 m , I =24.5 A

B=(4 π ×10 ⁻ ⁷ ×24.5 ×1200)/(2× 0.125)≈ 1.48 ×10 ⁻² T

(d) The induced field opposes the change in external field direction (Lenz’s
Law).

Problem 3:
What is the emf induced across a 20.0 m long conductor moving at 300
m/s perpendicular to Earth’s magnetic field of 4.50 × 10⁻⁵ T?

(a) First, I recalled the formula for motional emf:

 emf =B ⋅ L⋅ v

Where:

● B= 4.50×10−5T
● L= 20.0m
● v= 300m/s

I plugged in the values:

−5
emf =4.50 ×10 ⋅20.0 ⋅300=0.270 V

So, the induced emf is 0.270 V.

(b) I thought about whether this emf is significant. It’s not large, but I realized
that even small emfs can cause interference in sensitive aircraft electronics,
so yes, it could be important depending on the context.

Problem 4:
A square coil (20 cm per side, 0.100 Ω resistance) is pulled out of a 1.25
T magnetic field in 10 ms. What is the induced current?

First, I converted the side length:

2 2
L=0.20 m, A=L =0.04 m

Then, change in magnetic flux:

ΔΦ=B ⋅ A=1.25 ⋅0.04=0.0500 Wb

Time:
Δt =10 ms=0.0100 s

Using Faraday’s Law:

ΔΦ 0.0500
emf = ​= =5.00V
Δt 0.0100 ​

Then using Ohm’s law:

emf 5.00
I= ​= ​=50.0 A
R 0.100

So, the induced current is 50.0 A.

Problem 5:
A rod of 1.5 m rotates in a B-field of 0.750 T at 2.00 rev/s. What is the
induced emf?

I started with:
ω=2 πf =2 π ⋅2=4 π rad / s

Formula for rotating rod:

1 2
emf = BL ω
2
2
emf =0.5⋅ 0.750⋅(1.5) ⋅ 4 π

¿ 0.5 ⋅0.750 ⋅2.25 ⋅4 π ≈ 5.30 V

So, the answer is 5.30 V.

Problem 6:
A rod of length 1.20 m moves at 2.50 m/s and has an emf of 3.00 V. What
is the magnetic field strength?

Formula used:
emf
emf =B ⋅ L⋅ v ⇒ B=
L⋅ ​v

So the magnetic field is 1.00 T.

Problem 7:
A circular coil of 10 turns, radius 5.00 cm, rotates in a magnetic field of
0.400 T at 60.0 Hz. What is the maximum emf induced?

This one looked like a typical AC generator problem. I used the formula for
peak emf:
emf max ​= N ⋅ B⋅ A ⋅ ω

First, I calculated the angular speed:

 ω=2 πf =2 π ⋅60.0=120 π rad /s

Next, I calculated the area:

2 2 −3 2
r =0.0500 m, A=πr =π ⋅(0.0500) =7.85 ×10 m

Now plugging into the emf formula:

−3
emf max ​=10 ⋅0.400 ⋅7.85 ×10 ⋅120 π
−3
≈ 10 ⋅0.400 ⋅7.85 ×10 ⋅376.99 ≈ 11.85V

So, the peak emf is about 11.9 V.

Problem 8:
A solenoid with 1500 turns and 20.0 cm length carries a 3.00 A current.
It’s turned off in 2.00 ms. What is the average induced emf in a
secondary coil of 100 turns wrapped around it?

I started with the magnetic field inside a solenoid:

−7 1500
B=μ0 ​⋅n ⋅ I =( 4 π ×10 )⋅ ​⋅3.00
0.200

1500 −2
n= ​=7500 turns/m , B ≈ 2.83 ×10 T
0.200

Assuming the area of the secondary coil is the same as the solenoid (not
given, so I said this in my answer), and that flux changes from B to 0:
ΔB ⋅ A ​
emf =− N ⋅
Δt

Since area isn’t given, I left the final expression as:

−2
(2.83 ×10 )⋅ A ​
emf ≈ −100 ⋅ −3
2.00 ×10

So, my answer depended on area:

emf ≈ -1415 × A

I noted that more info is needed to get a numerical answer.

Problem 9:
A magnet is dropped through a coil. As it enters and exits the coil, what’s
the direction of the induced current?

Here I used Lenz's Law. As the magnet enters with its north pole down, the
coil tries to oppose the increasing magnetic field by inducing a current that
creates a north pole facing up. This results in a current in one direction.

As the magnet leaves, the coil tries to keep the field, so it induces a current in
the opposite direction (now producing a south pole up).

So the current direction reverses as the magnet passes through.

Problem 10:
A 1.20 m long rod moves perpendicularly through a 0.800 T magnetic
field at 4.00 m/s. What is the induced emf?

Again, using:
emf =B ⋅ L⋅ v=0.800⋅1.20 ⋅ 4.00=3.84 V

So, the emf is 3.84 V.