1.

​ World War II Declarations:

Declaration of the United Nations: Pledging resources for the war, and promising not to make a
seperate seperate truce with the axis nations.

Declaration of cairo: treaty with china. It says that they will will keep fighting till japan
surrendered.

Postdam Declaraion: Demanded Japan should stop or else they will face prompt and utter
destruction.

2.​ Philip Randolph was considered a radical and eloquent speaker. He migrated to New
York and joined the socialist party. He was arrested for speaking against the war

3.​ Consumer credit rises. Consumers did not care if they had debt, and they didn’t see it as
a shame. During the age of credit cards, it was easier to pay for goods and services.
There were low interest rates and increased demand for consumer goods.

4.​ The GI Bill of Rights allowed African American men to enter college

5.​ The Yippies: My teacher's favorite groups from the 1960s. It was founded by Abbie
Hoffman. It was a youth-focused countercultural movement that emerged as a response
to both the campus free speech movement and the anti-war movement.

6.​ Civil Rights movement in Birmingham: Since Birmingham was the most racist place for
the blacks, it was an oppurtunity for king to make stronger influence to the civil rights
movement.

7.​ Black Power: Black power is loosely defined as racial pride, group solidarity, and the
strengthening of black bussinesses. People who chanted black power intention was
different from how other blacks saw them. Black power intent was the opposite of
non-violent protest lead by Malcolm x. The protesters chanted black power when martin
lurther King was at the press conference. Because the meaning was vague African
Americans were encouraged while some white people translated it as new racism and it
alienated them from black allies.

8.​ National Security Act: it is broken into three different agencies:

One of them is DOD. It oversees all branches of armed services.

The central intelligence agency: gathered information overseas using open and secret methods.

National Security council: managed foreign and military policy.

 9.​ Malcom X: was an african american man who found muslim nation. Eventually, he was
inspired by martin luther king to lead a peaceful protest. He was killed by a violent
protester.

10.​The Marshall plan: Gave economic assistance to europe to reduce the influence of
communism on this nations. Its purpose was also to recover european nations.

11.​The Truman Doctrine: separates communist nations from free nations. East for free
nations and West for communists.

12.​NSC-68 says the US cannot rely on other nation to contain communism. The U.S. must
be the leader of all non-communist world.

13.​NATO: is an alliance between 12 nations that would stand in case of communist

insurrection. They considered arm attack on a member would be considered an attack
on all.

14.​Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: gave president the power to take any measures to protect
Ameican forces and prevent further aggresion from southeast asia. I was created
because the president announced the american ships was attacked by vietnamese
torpedo boats

15.​The Tet offensive: The Tet offensive showed how brutal the war against vietnam was
thtough the TV. the acts committed was inhuman.

16.​The Feminine Mystique: A book written by Betty Friedan, who was a radical feminist ( I
wrote the essay about this. She argued that middle-class wives were discontent. She
interviewed her former classmates from Smith College. In her interview, she discovered
that most middle-class homemakers feel isolated. The outlets were not valued based on
intelligence, talents, and education, but rather on marriage and motherhood.

17.​Causes of additional civil rights movement: segregation, Enmitt Till case about her son
(horrifying indeed), and Rosa Parks.

18.​Equal Rights Amendment: guaranteed equal rights for women. It also allowed them to
have work opportunities rather than staying home. However, there were tensions
between the feminists and women who supported the traditional values.

19.​Loving v. Virginia
Loving is an interracial couple who were arrested because they disobeyed the jim crow law
which prohibits people to date or marry a person from a different race. They were given the
option to spend 5 years in prison or leave the state. After they spent 5 years in Washington
D.C., they wanted to return back Virginia leading them to sue the states to the Federal Court.
20.​Browder v. Gayle: states that segregation on public transportation is unconstitutional.

21.​Sweatt v. Painter: rules against separate but equal law schools.

22.​McLauren v. Oklahoma: rules against separate but equal grad schools.

23.​Nixon Foreign Policy: Richard Nixon believed that old bipolar world ruled by the U.S. and
the soviet union is outdated. He believed that world was multipolar with china, Japan and
western europe as major independent powers.

24.​Economic Growth in the 1950s: There was low inflation rate and the unemployment rate
was 5 percent or lower. The economic growth allowed the younger generation to forget
the horrors of the great depression.

25.​The Yalta conference: the meeting with Britain, America, and the Soviet about how they
should handle the world after world war.

26.​Emmet Till: One of the inspiration behind civil rights movement. Her son who was a
teenager was thrown to drown in water. During the Funeral she refused to close her
son’s casket to show the nation what they have done. (It is horrifying)

27.​Rosa Park: Boldly sat at whites only bus. She got mistreated which caused more
boycotts till the supreme court passed the Browder v. gale law.

28.​3 civil rirghts workers who were murdered in 1964: They were the first freedom riders
which were Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerner (two whites) and James Chaney.

29.​James Meredith: integrated ole miss in 1962. He encouraged black people to vote. This
was known as march against fear or Meredith march

30.​The Second great migration: the migration of black people from south to west.
Answer from the lecture based on Cold War.

The cold war occured when there were tensions between the U.S. and the soviet Union. This

conflict divided the world between communists and democrats. Thus, the U.S. used the ideology

of containment. With this policy they try to stop communism from spreading beyond its

boundaries. There were different opinions to what caused the Cold War. Some balmed the soviet

Union for beign power hungry leading them to want mmore land. Some blamed the U.S.

claiming that they had imperial ambitions. Some sides claimed that both the U.S. and the Soviet

Union are both equally responsible.

The two parties have different ideologies of post war. The U.S. vision was based on Atlantic

charter. It supported democracy, wanted to protect other nation’s right of self-determination. On

the other hand, the soviets and british was determined to protect their empires.

The United Nations was created in with a general assembly and security council fo 5 permanent

powers. Problem rose from china when the U.S. support Chiang Kai-sheck while the Mao

Zedong’s communists grew stronger.

President Truman at the potsdam meeting refused Soviet demands result to separate Germany

from the east and Germany from the east which is communist. By 1945, the Atlantic Charter

Ideals failed.
The U.S. then launched Marshall plan, using $13 billion dollars to rebuild western Europe so

they would not be influenced by communism.

Modern civil rights movement

Modern Civil rights movement, is the civil rights movement that occurred from 1950s to 1960s.

This movement came from urban black communities which were middle class ministers,

educators and professionals. Their purpose was to end segregation.

Enmett Till case is one of the motivators for the civil rights movement. In this case, her teenage

son was taken from the great uncle’s home by two men. Three days later his body was found at

the bottom of the Tallahachie River. The worst part is that during the all white jury supported to

two men that threw him to the river. Later, after this two men admitted that they committed

crime, they recieved money due to their stories added to the magazines. At the funeral the

woman resfused to close the casket to let the nation witness what they have done to her son. “ I

want the world see what the world did to my baby.” Said Emmett Till.

Another Incident that motivated the Modern Civil Rights movement was the injustice to Rosa

Parks. She started the movement when she refused to give up her seat to a white person. This

encouraged African americans specifically from Montgomery to start boycotting as the news

spread. The boycotting eventually became successful.

The factors they used to end segregations were white allies, Freedom riders, jail no bail, and

Boycotting. For jail no bail. African Americans wanted to fill the jail rapidly and make them full

that they would not have pay for the bail after they have been released. They also planned to add

white allies by getting their attention.

However, the civil rights is still effective today but it stopped because the violent protesters

alienated themselves from white liberals which caused less support. This happened because the

violent black protesters did not trust the white liberals.

Additional Civil Rights Movement

Additional civil rights movement was what inspired the second wave Feminist movement. Since the

19th amendment many women gained few post world war II. Jobs were segregated by sex and

limited women low wages and positions. Many universities did not accept women and limited

the amount of women that can be enrolled.

One of the leaders of the Feminist movement, legendary Betty Friedan, was against women

domecsticity, claiming that middle class suburban women were not satisfied with what they do

for a living. She also critcized that they there jobs were limited to being housewives and their

only valued for motherhood and marriage. They were not valued for intelligence, work, and

education. However she was classified as a radical feminist and her research was not accurate.

Another criticism is that her audience was aimed at suburban women. Her claim had no effects

on women who lived outside suburban areas. It also did not apply to african american women. In

fact some groups that are not surburbans did not use any quotes or ideologies from Betty

Friedan. Though there were some criticism against her argument, her works were effective. It

was one of the factors that started the Second-Wave Feminist movement.

One of the new groups that formed from the Second wave feminist movement was Women’s

Liberation movemnet. Women’s Liberation movement argued that personal is polifical and

challenged sexual standards, marriage, and family roles. They demanded for reproductive rights

and control over their own bodies. Later Roe v. Wade case of 1973 made abortion legal under

the right to privacy.

By 1974, most Ameirican women believed they faced discrimination. They proposed equal rights

amendment, which was initially proposed in 1923. The equal rights amendment gained support

during the second wave feminist movement. It was passed in congressed but was opposed by

men and women who supported their traditional roles. For example there was an argument that

women would be forced to be drafted and they would loose economic benefits they have as

housewives.