Class 10 Science - Chapter 4: Carbon and Its
Compounds
Student-Friendly Notes (Part 4)
Combustion
Carbon compounds burn in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and heat. Combustion is an
exothermic reaction. Complete combustion gives a blue flame, while incomplete combustion may
produce a yellow flame and soot. Exam Tip: Learn the reaction type, conditions and important
NCERT examples.
Carbon compounds burn in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and heat. Combustion is an
exothermic reaction. Complete combustion gives a blue flame, while incomplete combustion may
produce a yellow flame and soot. Exam Tip: Learn the reaction type, conditions and important
NCERT examples.
Carbon compounds burn in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and heat. Combustion is an
exothermic reaction. Complete combustion gives a blue flame, while incomplete combustion may
produce a yellow flame and soot. Exam Tip: Learn the reaction type, conditions and important
NCERT examples.
Carbon compounds burn in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and heat. Combustion is an
exothermic reaction. Complete combustion gives a blue flame, while incomplete combustion may
produce a yellow flame and soot. Exam Tip: Learn the reaction type, conditions and important
NCERT examples.
Oxidation
Oxidation is the addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen. Ethanol can be oxidised to ethanoic
acid using oxidising agents such as alkaline potassium permanganate or acidified potassium
dichromate. Exam Tip: Learn the reaction type, conditions and important NCERT examples.
Oxidation is the addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen. Ethanol can be oxidised to ethanoic
acid using oxidising agents such as alkaline potassium permanganate or acidified potassium
dichromate. Exam Tip: Learn the reaction type, conditions and important NCERT examples.
Oxidation is the addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen. Ethanol can be oxidised to ethanoic
acid using oxidising agents such as alkaline potassium permanganate or acidified potassium
dichromate. Exam Tip: Learn the reaction type, conditions and important NCERT examples.
Oxidation is the addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen. Ethanol can be oxidised to ethanoic
acid using oxidising agents such as alkaline potassium permanganate or acidified potassium
dichromate. Exam Tip: Learn the reaction type, conditions and important NCERT examples.
Addition Reactions
Unsaturated hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions. Hydrogen is added in the presence of a
catalyst such as nickel to convert vegetable oils into saturated fats. This process is called
hydrogenation. Exam Tip: Learn the reaction type, conditions and important NCERT examples.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions. Hydrogen is added in the presence of a
catalyst such as nickel to convert vegetable oils into saturated fats. This process is called
hydrogenation. Exam Tip: Learn the reaction type, conditions and important NCERT examples.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions. Hydrogen is added in the presence of a
catalyst such as nickel to convert vegetable oils into saturated fats. This process is called
hydrogenation. Exam Tip: Learn the reaction type, conditions and important NCERT examples.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions. Hydrogen is added in the presence of a
catalyst such as nickel to convert vegetable oils into saturated fats. This process is called
hydrogenation. Exam Tip: Learn the reaction type, conditions and important NCERT examples.
Substitution Reactions
Saturated hydrocarbons usually undergo substitution reactions. In sunlight, chlorine replaces
hydrogen in methane to form chloromethane and hydrogen chloride. Exam Tip: Learn the reaction
type, conditions and important NCERT examples.
Saturated hydrocarbons usually undergo substitution reactions. In sunlight, chlorine replaces
hydrogen in methane to form chloromethane and hydrogen chloride. Exam Tip: Learn the reaction
type, conditions and important NCERT examples.
Saturated hydrocarbons usually undergo substitution reactions. In sunlight, chlorine replaces
hydrogen in methane to form chloromethane and hydrogen chloride. Exam Tip: Learn the reaction
type, conditions and important NCERT examples.
Saturated hydrocarbons usually undergo substitution reactions. In sunlight, chlorine replaces
hydrogen in methane to form chloromethane and hydrogen chloride. Exam Tip: Learn the reaction
type, conditions and important NCERT examples.
Reaction Description Example
Combustion Burning in oxygen CH■ + O■ → CO■ + H■O
Oxidation Addition of oxygen Ethanol → Ethanoic acid
Addition Hydrogen added to unsaturated compounds Hydrogenation of vegetable oil
Substitution Replacement of one atom by another CH■ + Cl■ → CH■Cl + HCl