I. OVERVIEW I.

1 READING Programmable Logic Controller, PLC, or Programmable Controller is a

digital computer used for automation of industrial processes, such as control of machinery on
factory assembly lines. Unlike general-purpose computers, the PLC is designed for multiple
inputs and outputs arrangements, extended temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise,
and resistance to vibration and impact. Programs to control machine operation are typically
stored in battery-backed or non-volatile memory. A PLC is an example of a real time system
since output results must be produced in response to input conditions within a bounded time,
otherwise unintended operation will result. I.2 VOCABULARY Arrangement (n) [ə'reindʒmənt]:
Assembly (n) [ə'sembli]: Battery-backed (adj) ['bætəri bækt]: General (adj) ['dʒenərəl]:
Immunity (n) ['impækt]: Impact (n) ['impækt]: Input (n) ['input]: Line (n) [lain]: Logic (n) ['lɔdʒik]:
Noise (n) [nɔiz]: Non-volatile (adj) [,nɔn , 'vɔlətail]: Output (n) ['autput]: Program (n)
['prougræm]: Programmable (adj) ['prougræməbl]: Purpose (n) ['pə:pəs]: Range (n) [reindʒ]:
Real-time (n) [riəl taim]: Resistance (n) [ri'zistəns]: Store (v) [stɔ:]: Cấu hình Lắp ráp Có pin nuôi
Chung, phổ biến Miễn Va chạm mạnh Đầu vào Dây truyền Lôgic Nhiễu Bền Đầu ra Chương trình
Khả lập trình Mục đích Dải Thời gian thực Độ bền Lưu giữ 76 ©2014 dunglq@[Link]
©2014 dunglq@[Link] 77 Unlike (pre) [ʌn'laik]: Trái với Temperature (n) ['temprət∫ə]:
Nhiệt độ Vibration (n) [vai'brei∫n]: Rung động I.3 READING COMPREHENSION Answer the
following questions: 1. What does PLC stand for? 2. What is a PLC and where can we find PLCs?
3. What are differences between PLCs and general-purpose computers? 4. Where are the
programs for PLCs stored? 5. What is the key feature of real time systems? II. FEATURES II.1
READING The main difference from other computers is that PLCs are armored for severe
condition (dust, moisture, heat, cold, etc) and have the facility for extensive input/output (I/O)
arrangements. These connect the PLC to sensors and actuators. PLCs read limit switches, analog
process variables (such as temperature and pressure), and the positions of complex positioning
systems. On the actuator side, PLCs operate electric motors, pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders,
or magnetic relays. The input/output arrangements may be built into a simple PLC, or the PLC
may have external I/O modules attached to a computer network that plugs into the PLC. PLCs
were invented as replacements for automated systems that would use hundreds or thousands
of relay, timer, and sequencer. Often, a single PLC can be programmed to replace thousands of
relays. Programmable controllers were initially adopted by the automotive manufacturing
industry, where software revision replaced the re-wiring of hard wired control panels when
production models changed. Many of the earliest PLCs expressed all decision making logic in
simple ladder logic which appeared similar to electrical diagrams. The electricians were quite
able to trace out circuit problems with diagrams using ladder logic. This program notation was
chosen to reduce training demands for the existing technicians. Other early PLCs used a form of
instruction list programming. The functionality of the PLC has evolved over the years to include
sequential relay control, motion control, process control, and networking. The data handling,
storage, processing power and communication capabilities of some modern PLCs are
approximately equivalent to desktop computers. PLC-like programming combined with remote
I/O hardware, allow a general-purpose desktop computer to overlap some PLCs in certain
applications. Under the IEC 61131-3 standard, PLCs can be programmed using standards-based
programming languages. A graphical programming notation called Sequential Function Charts is
available on certain programmable controllers. Control panel with a PLC II.2 VOCABULARY
Actuator (n) ['æktjueit]: Analog/analogue (n) ['ænəlɔg]: Approximately (adv) [ə'prɔksimitli]:
Armor (v) ['ɑ:mə]: Attach (v) [ə'tæt∫]: Adopt (v) [ə'dɔpt]: Automotive (adj) [,ɔ:tə'moutiv]: ` Chart
(n) [t∫ɑ:t]: Circuit (n) ['sə:kit]:: Cold (n) [kould]: Cylinder (n) ['silində]: Data handling (n) ['deitə
'hændliη]: Decision making (n) [di'siʒn 'meikiη] Diagram (n) ['daiəgræm]: Dust (n) [dʌst]:
Electrician (n) [ilek'tri∫n]: Express (v) [iks'pres]: Evolve (v) [i'vɔlv]: Extensive (adj) [iks'tensiv]:
External (adj) [eks'tə:nl]: Facility (n) [fə'siliti]: Functionality (n) ['fʌηk∫ənliti]: Cơ cấu chấp hành
Tương tự Khoảng chừng, độ chừng Bọc thép Nối với, gắn với Dùng Ôtô Lưu đồ Mạch Lạnh
Xylanh Xử lý dữ liệu Ra quyết định Sơ đồ Bụi Thợ điện Diễn đạt, biểu diễn Tiến hoá Rộng, lớn
Bên ngoài Chỗ Chức năng 78 ©2014 dunglq@[Link] Motor (n) ['moutə]: Hardware (n)
['hɑ:dweə]: Hard-wired (adj) ['ha:d,waiəd]: Heat (n) [hi:t]: Hydraulic (adj) [hai'drɔ:lik]: IEC:
Instruction (n) [in'strʌk∫n]: Ladder logic (n) ['lædə 'lɔdʒik]: Limit switch (n) ['limit swit∫]: PLC-like
(adj) [pi: el si: laik]:: Magnetic (adj) [mæg'netik]: Module (n) ['mɔdju:l]: Moisture (n) ['mɔist∫ə]:
Motion (n) ['mou∫n]: Network (n) ['netwə:k]: Networking (n) ['netwə:kiη]: Notation (n)
[nou'tei∫n]: Overlap (v) ['ouvəlæp]: Panel (n) ['pænl]: Pneumatic (adj) [nju:'mætik]: Plug (v)
[plʌg]: Position (v) [pə'zi∫n]: Pressure (n) ['pre∫ə(r)] : Processing power (n) ['prousesiη 'pauə]:
Read (v) [ri:d]: Relay (n) [ri'lei]: Remote (adj) [ri'mout]: Revision (n) [ri'viʒn]: Re-wiring (n) [re
'waiəriη]: Sensor (n) ['sensə]: Động cơ Phần cứng Đi dây, nối dây Nhiệt, nóng Thủy lực
International Electrical Committee Chỉ dẫn Lôgic thang Công tắc hành trình Kiểu PLC Từ tính
Khối Hơi ẩm Chuyển động Mạng, hệ thống Kết nối mạng Ký hiệu Thay thế Bảng, bàn Khí nén Nối
Định vị áp suất Công suất xử lý Thu thập Công tắc tiếp điểm, thiết bị bảo vệ Xa Sửa đổi Đi lại dây,
nối lại dây Cảm biến Sequential (adj) [si'kwen∫əl]:: Sequential Function Chart: Sequencer (n)
['si:kwənsə]:: Software (n) ['sɔftweə]: Standards-based (adj) ['stændəd beisd]: Storage (n)
['stɔ:ridʒ]: Timer (n) ['taimə]: Tuần tự Lưu đồ hàm tuần tự Bộ xếp dãy Phần mềm Dựa theo
chuẩn Lưu trữ Bộ định thời gian 79 ©2014 dunglq@[Link] ©2014 dunglq@[Link] 80
Trace out (v) [treis aut]: Xác định Training (n) ['treiniη]: Đào tạo Variable (n) ['veəriəbl]: Biến số
II.3 READING COMPREHENSION Answer the following questions: 1. What are the severe
conditions for which PLCs are armored? 2. How can PLCs be connected to sensors and
actuators? 3. What do PLCs read? 4. What can be analog process variables? 5. What are the
actuators PLCs operate? 6. What are the possible facilities for I/O arrangements for PLCs? 7.
Why were PLCs invented? 8. What a single PLC can be programmed to do? 9. Where were the
first PLCs used? 10. Initially, what led to the need for PLCs? 11. What is the expression decision
making logic in many of the earliest PLCs and what is it like? 12. What can help electricians to
find out circuit problems with diagrams? 13. Why ladder logic was chosen? 14. What is the
other early type of PLC programming? 15. What does the functionality of PLC include? 16. What
are the capabilities of modern PLC that can be equivalent to those of desktop computers? 17.
What make a general purpose computer can do the job of PLCs in some applications? 18. What
can be the programming language for PLCs? III. SYSTEM SCALE III.1 READING A small PLC has a
fixed number of inputs and outputs. Typically, expansions are available if the base model does
not have enough I/O. Modular PLCs have a chassis (also called a rack) into which modules with
different functions are placed. The processor and selection of I/O modules is customized for the
particular application. Several racks can be administered by a single processor, and may have
thousands of inputs and outputs. A special high speed serial I/O link is used so that racks can be
distributed away from the processor, reducing the wiring costs for large plants. PLCs used in
larger I/O systems may have peer-to-peer (P2P) communication between processors. This allows
separate parts of a complex process to have individual control while allowing the subsystems to
co-ordinate over the communication link. These communication links are also often used for
HMI (Human-Machine Interface) devices such as keypads or PC-type workstations. Some of
today's PLCs can communicate over a wide range of media including RS-485, Coaxial, and even
Ethernet for I/O control at network speeds up to 100 Mbit/s. III.2 VOCABULARY Administer (v)
[əd'ministə]: Base model (n) [beis 'mɔdl]: Chassis (n) ['∫æsi]: Coaxial (adj) [kou'æksiəl]: Co-
ordinate (v) [kou'ɔ:dineit]: Customize (v) ['kʌstəmaiz]: Distribute (v) [dis'tribju:t]: Ethernet (n):
Expansion (n) [iks'pæn∫n]: Fixed (adj) [fikst]: Individual (adj) [,indi'vidjuəl]: Interface (n)
['intəfeis]: Keypad (n) ['ki: pæd]: Link (n) [liηk]: Media (n, pl.) ['mi:diə]: Modular (adj) ['mɔdjulə]:
Peer (n) [piə]: Processor (n) ['prousesə(r)]: Separate (adj) ['seprət]:: Serial (adj) ['siəriəl]:
Subsystem (n) [sʌb'sistəm]: Rack (n) [ræk]: Typically (adv) ['tipikli]: Wiring (n) ['waiəriη]: Quản lý
Mẫu cơ bản, mẫu chuẩn Khung Đồng trục Phối hợp Làm theo yêu cầu Bố trí Mạng máy tính cáp
Mở rộng Cố định Riêng biệt Giao diện Bàn phím Đường nối Phương tiện, môi trường Theo khối
Điểm Bộ xử lý Riêng Nối tiếp Hệ thốnng cấp dưới Giá Thường thì Đi dây Workstation (n)
['wə:k'stei∫n]: Máy tính công nghiệp (chuyên dụng) III.3 READING COMPREHENSION Answer the
following questions: 1. What is the possible shortcoming of a small PLC? 2. Consequently, how
can the possible shortcoming of a small PLC be dealt with? 3. Where modules with different
functions of modular PLCs are mounted? 4. Can a PLC have several racks? 5. What is the most
important module of a PLC?