50 API Short Q&A

1. Q: What is an API? A: Application Programming Interface — a set of rules

that lets different software applications communicate with each other.
2. Q: What does REST stand for? A: Representational State Transfer.
3. Q: What is a RESTful API? A: An API that follows REST architectural
principles using standard HTTP methods.
4. Q: What is an endpoint? A: A specific URL where an API can be accessed
to perform an operation.
5. Q: What is HTTP? A: HyperText Transfer Protocol, used for communication
between clients and servers.
6. Q: What is the GET method used for? A: Retrieving data from a server
without modifying it.
7. Q: What is the POST method used for? A: Sending data to the server to
create a new resource.
8. Q: What is the PUT method used for? A: Updating an existing resource
completely.
9. Q: What is the PATCH method used for? A: Partially updating an existing
resource.
10.Q: What is the DELETE method used for? A: Removing a resource from the
server.
11.Q: What is a status code? A: A three-digit number returned by the server
indicating the result of a request.
12.Q: What does status code 200 mean? A: The request was successful.
13.Q: What does status code 201 mean? A: A resource was successfully
created.
14.Q: What does status code 400 mean? A: Bad request — the client sent
invalid data.
15.Q: What does status code 401 mean? A: Unauthorized — authentication is
required or failed.
16.Q: What does status code 403 mean? A: Forbidden — the client is
authenticated but not allowed access.
17.Q: What does status code 404 mean? A: The requested resource was not
found.
18.Q: What does status code 500 mean? A: Internal server error.
19.Q: What is JSON? A: JavaScript Object Notation, a lightweight data-
interchange format.
20.Q: What is XML? A: Extensible Markup Language, a markup format used
for structured data exchange.
21.Q: What is an API key? A: A unique code used to identify and authenticate a
client calling an API.
22.Q: What is authentication in APIs? A: The process of verifying the identity
of a client making a request.
23.Q: What is authorization in APIs? A: The process of determining what an
authenticated client is allowed to do.
24.Q: What is OAuth? A: An open standard protocol for token-based
authorization.
25.Q: What is a bearer token? A: A security token included in request headers
to authenticate API calls.
26.Q: What is JWT? A: JSON Web Token, a compact token format used to
securely transmit claims between parties.
27.Q: What is an API request header? A: Metadata sent with a request, such as
content type or authorization info.
28.Q: What is a request body? A: The data sent by the client to the server,
typically in POST or PUT requests.
29.Q: What is a query parameter? A: A key-value pair added to a URL to filter
or modify a request.
30.Q: What is a path parameter? A: A variable part of the URL path used to
identify a specific resource.
31.Q: What is rate limiting? A: Restricting the number of API requests a client
can make in a given time period.
32.Q: What is API versioning? A: The practice of managing changes to an API
by maintaining different versions.
33.Q: What is a webhook? A: A mechanism where a server sends real-time data
to another application when an event occurs.
34.Q: What is the difference between webhook and API? A: An API is called
by the client to request data; a webhook is triggered by the server to push
data.
35.Q: What is SOAP? A: Simple Object Access Protocol, a protocol for
exchanging structured information using XML.
36.Q: What is the difference between REST and SOAP? A: REST is
lightweight and uses standard HTTP methods with flexible data formats;
SOAP is a stricter protocol using XML only.
37.Q: What is GraphQL? A: A query language for APIs that lets clients request
exactly the data they need.
38.Q: How does GraphQL differ from REST? A: GraphQL uses a single
endpoint with flexible queries, while REST uses multiple endpoints with
fixed data structures.
 39.Q: What is idempotency in APIs? A: A property where making the same
request multiple times produces the same result.
40.Q: Is the GET method idempotent? A: Yes.
41.Q: Is the POST method idempotent? A: No.
42.Q: What is CORS? A: Cross-Origin Resource Sharing, a mechanism
allowing restricted resources to be requested from another domain.
43.Q: What is API documentation? A: A guide describing how to use an API,
including endpoints, parameters, and responses.
44.Q: What is Swagger/OpenAPI? A: A specification and toolset used to
design, document, and test APIs.
45.Q: What is a payload? A: The actual data sent in the body of a request or
response.
46.Q: What is throttling in APIs? A: Controlling the rate of requests to prevent
overload on the server.
47.Q: What is an API gateway? A: A server that acts as a single entry point for
managing, routing, and securing API requests.
48.Q: What is caching in APIs? A: Storing responses temporarily to reduce
server load and improve performance for repeated requests.
49.Q: What is a microservice API? A: An API that exposes functionality of an
individual microservice within a larger system.
50.Q: What is API testing? A: The process of verifying that an API functions
correctly, securely, and performs as expected.

50 API Interview Questions and Short Answers

1. What is an API?
Answer: Application Programming Interface.
2. What is the purpose of an API?
Answer: To allow communication between applications.
3. What does API stand for?
Answer: Application Programming Interface.
4. What is a REST API?
Answer: An API based on REST architecture.
5. What does REST stand for?
Answer: Representational State Transfer.
6. What protocol do REST APIs commonly use?
Answer: HTTP.
7. What is an endpoint?
Answer: A specific API URL.
8. What is a request?
Answer: A call sent to an API.
9. What is a response?
Answer: Data returned by an API.
[Link] is JSON?
Answer: JavaScript Object Notation.
[Link] is JSON used in APIs?
Answer: To exchange data.
[Link] is XML?
Answer: Extensible Markup Language.
[Link] format is more common in REST APIs?
Answer: JSON.
[Link] is the GET method used for?
Answer: Retrieving data.
[Link] is the POST method used for?
Answer: Creating data.
[Link] is the PUT method used for?
Answer: Updating a resource.
[Link] is the PATCH method used for?
Answer: Partially updating a resource.
[Link] is the DELETE method used for?
Answer: Deleting data.
[Link] does HTTP stand for?
Answer: HyperText Transfer Protocol.
[Link] is HTTPS?
Answer: Secure HTTP.
[Link] is an HTTP status code?
Answer: A code indicating request status.
[Link] does status code 200 mean?
Answer: OK.
[Link] does status code 201 mean?
Answer: Created.
[Link] does status code 204 mean?
Answer: No Content.
[Link] does status code 400 mean?
Answer: Bad Request.
[Link] does status code 401 mean?
Answer: Unauthorized.
[Link] does status code 403 mean?
Answer: Forbidden.
[Link] does status code 404 mean?
Answer: Not Found.
[Link] does status code 500 mean?
Answer: Internal Server Error.
[Link] is authentication?
Answer: Verifying user identity.
[Link] is authorization?
Answer: Granting access permissions.
[Link] is an API key?
Answer: A unique key for API access.
[Link] is a Bearer Token?
Answer: A token used for authentication.
[Link] is OAuth?
Answer: An authorization framework.
[Link] is JWT?
Answer: JSON Web Token.
[Link] is a request header?
Answer: Metadata sent with a request.
[Link] is a request body?
Answer: Data sent to the API.
[Link] is a query parameter?
Answer: Data passed in the URL.
[Link] is a path parameter?
Answer: A value in the endpoint path.
[Link] is API documentation?
Answer: Instructions for using an API.
[Link] is Postman?
Answer: An API testing tool.
[Link] is Swagger?
Answer: An API documentation tool.
[Link] is OpenAPI?
Answer: A specification for REST APIs.
[Link] is rate limiting?
Answer: Restricting the number of requests.
[Link] is CORS?
Answer: Cross-Origin Resource Sharing.
[Link] is an idempotent API method?
Answer: A method with the same result after repeated requests.
[Link] HTTP methods are idempotent?
Answer: GET, PUT, DELETE.
[Link] is versioning in APIs?
Answer: Managing different API versions.
[Link] is GraphQL?
Answer: A query language for APIs.
[Link] are APIs important?
Answer: They enable systems and applications to communicate and share
data efficiently.
50 Design Pattern Interview Questions and Short Answers

1. What is a design pattern?

Answer: A reusable solution to common software design problems.
2. Why are design patterns used?
Answer: To create maintainable and reusable code.
3. Who introduced design patterns?
Answer: Gang of Four (GoF).
4. How many GoF design patterns are there?
Answer: 23.
5. What are the three categories of design patterns?
Answer: Creational, Structural, and Behavioral.
6. What is a Creational pattern?
Answer: A pattern for object creation.
7. What is a Structural pattern?
Answer: A pattern for organizing classes and objects.
8. What is a Behavioral pattern?
Answer: A pattern for communication between objects.
9. What is the Singleton pattern?
Answer: Ensures only one instance of a class exists.
[Link] is Singleton used?
Answer: When only one shared instance is needed.
[Link] is the Factory Method pattern?
Answer: Creates objects without exposing creation logic.
[Link] is the Abstract Factory pattern?
Answer: Creates families of related objects.
[Link] is the Builder pattern?
Answer: Constructs complex objects step by step.
[Link] is the Prototype pattern?
Answer: Creates objects by cloning existing ones.
[Link] is the Adapter pattern?
Answer: Makes incompatible interfaces work together.
[Link] is the Bridge pattern?
Answer: Separates abstraction from implementation.
[Link] is the Composite pattern?
Answer: Treats individual and grouped objects uniformly.
[Link] is the Decorator pattern?
Answer: Adds behavior to objects dynamically.
[Link] is the Facade pattern?
Answer: Provides a simplified interface to a subsystem.
[Link] is the Flyweight pattern?
Answer: Reduces memory by sharing objects.
[Link] is the Proxy pattern?
Answer: Controls access to another object.
[Link] is the Chain of Responsibility pattern?
Answer: Passes requests through multiple handlers.
[Link] is the Command pattern?
Answer: Encapsulates a request as an object.
[Link] is the Interpreter pattern?
Answer: Defines grammar for a language.
[Link] is the Iterator pattern?
Answer: Traverses elements of a collection.
[Link] is the Mediator pattern?
Answer: Centralizes communication between objects.
[Link] is the Memento pattern?
Answer: Saves and restores object state.
[Link] is the Observer pattern?
Answer: Notifies dependent objects of changes.
[Link] is the State pattern?
Answer: Changes behavior based on object state.
[Link] is the Strategy pattern?
Answer: Encapsulates interchangeable algorithms.
[Link] is the Template Method pattern?
Answer: Defines an algorithm skeleton.
[Link] is the Visitor pattern?
Answer: Adds operations without changing classes.
[Link] is the MVC pattern?
Answer: Model-View-Controller architecture.
[Link] does Model represent?
Answer: Data and business logic.
[Link] does View represent?
Answer: User interface.
[Link] does Controller represent?
Answer: Handles user input and requests.
[Link] pattern improves code reuse?
Answer: Strategy pattern.
[Link] pattern supports event handling?
Answer: Observer pattern.
[Link] pattern is commonly used for logging?
Answer: Singleton pattern.
[Link] pattern simplifies complex systems?
Answer: Facade pattern.
[Link] pattern wraps existing objects?
Answer: Decorator pattern.
[Link] pattern reduces object creation cost?
Answer: Flyweight pattern.
[Link] pattern creates objects through cloning?
Answer: Prototype pattern.
[Link] pattern provides flexible object creation?
Answer: Factory Method.
[Link] pattern separates object construction from representation?
Answer: Builder pattern.
[Link] is loose coupling?
Answer: Minimizing dependencies between classes.
 [Link] is high cohesion?
Answer: Keeping related functionality together.
[Link] design principle is "Program to an interface"?
Answer: Depend on abstractions, not implementations.
[Link] is SOLID?
Answer: Five object-oriented design principles.
[Link] are design patterns important?
Answer: They improve code quality, maintainability, and reusability.

50 Design Pattern Short Q&A

1. Q: What is a design pattern? A: A reusable, proven solution to a common

software design problem.
2. Q: How many main categories of design patterns are there? A: Three —
Creational, Structural, and Behavioral.
3. Q: What are creational design patterns? A: Patterns that deal with object
creation mechanisms.
4. Q: What are structural design patterns? A: Patterns that deal with the
composition of classes and objects.
5. Q: What are behavioral design patterns? A: Patterns that deal with
communication and responsibility between objects.
6. Q: What is the Singleton pattern? A: Ensures a class has only one instance
and provides a global point of access to it.
7. Q: When would you use a Singleton? A: When exactly one object is needed
to coordinate actions, like a configuration manager or logger.
8. Q: What is a drawback of Singleton? A: It can introduce global state,
making testing and concurrency harder.
9. Q: What is the Factory Method pattern? A: Defines an interface for creating
an object but lets subclasses decide which class to instantiate.
10.Q: What is the Abstract Factory pattern? A: Provides an interface for
creating families of related objects without specifying concrete classes.
11.Q: How does Abstract Factory differ from Factory Method? A: Factory
Method creates one product via inheritance; Abstract Factory creates
families of related products via composition.
12.Q: What is the Builder pattern? A: Separates the construction of a complex
object from its representation, allowing step-by-step creation.
13.Q: When is the Builder pattern useful? A: When an object requires many
optional parameters or a complex construction process.
14.Q: What is the Prototype pattern? A: Creates new objects by copying an
existing object (cloning) rather than creating from scratch.
15.Q: What is the Adapter pattern? A: Converts the interface of a class into
another interface clients expect.
16.Q: When would you use an Adapter? A: When integrating incompatible
interfaces, such as a legacy system with a new one.
17.Q: What is the Bridge pattern? A: Decouples an abstraction from its
implementation so both can vary independently.
18.Q: What is the Composite pattern? A: Composes objects into tree structures
to represent part-whole hierarchies, treating individual and composite
objects uniformly.
19.Q: What is the Decorator pattern? A: Adds new behavior to an object
dynamically without altering its structure.
20.Q: How does Decorator differ from inheritance? A: Decorator adds behavior
at runtime via composition, while inheritance adds behavior at compile time
via subclassing.
21.Q: What is the Facade pattern? A: Provides a simplified, unified interface to
a complex subsystem.
22.Q: What is the Flyweight pattern? A: Reduces memory usage by sharing
common parts of state between multiple objects.
23.Q: What is the Proxy pattern? A: Provides a placeholder or surrogate for
another object to control access to it.
24.Q: What are common types of Proxy? A: Virtual proxy, remote proxy,
protection proxy, and caching proxy.
25.Q: What is the Observer pattern? A: Defines a one-to-many dependency so
that when one object changes state, all its dependents are notified
automatically.
26.Q: Where is the Observer pattern commonly used? A: In event handling
systems, such as GUI listeners or pub-sub messaging.
27.Q: What is the Strategy pattern? A: Defines a family of algorithms,
encapsulates each one, and makes them interchangeable at runtime.
28.Q: How does Strategy differ from simple if-else logic? A: Strategy
encapsulates each algorithm in its own class, promoting flexibility and
adherence to the Open/Closed Principle.
29.Q: What is the Command pattern? A: Encapsulates a request as an object,
allowing parameterization and queuing of requests.
30.Q: What is a use case for the Command pattern? A: Implementing undo/redo
functionality or task queues.
31.Q: What is the State pattern? A: Allows an object to change its behavior
when its internal state changes, appearing as if it changed class.
32.Q: What is the Template Method pattern? A: Defines the skeleton of an
algorithm in a method, letting subclasses override specific steps without
changing the structure.
33.Q: What is the Chain of Responsibility pattern? A: Passes a request along a
chain of handlers until one of them handles it.
34.Q: What is a real-world example of Chain of Responsibility? A: Middleware
in web frameworks or approval workflows with multiple levels.
35.Q: What is the Mediator pattern? A: Defines an object that encapsulates how
a set of objects interact, reducing direct dependencies between them.
36.Q: What is the Memento pattern? A: Captures and restores an object's
internal state without violating encapsulation.
37.Q: What is a common use of Memento? A: Implementing undo functionality
in applications.
38.Q: What is the Visitor pattern? A: Lets you define a new operation on a set
of objects without changing their classes.
39.Q: What is the Iterator pattern? A: Provides a way to access elements of a
collection sequentially without exposing its underlying structure.
40.Q: What is the Interpreter pattern? A: Defines a grammar for a language and
an interpreter to process sentences in that grammar.
41.Q: What problem does the MVC pattern solve? A: It separates an application
into Model, View, and Controller to organize concerns and improve
maintainability.
42.Q: What is the Model in MVC? A: The component that manages data and
business logic.
43.Q: What is the View in MVC? A: The component responsible for displaying
data to the user.
44.Q: What is the Controller in MVC? A: The component that handles user
input and updates the model and view accordingly.
45.Q: What is the Dependency Injection pattern? A: A technique where an
object's dependencies are provided externally rather than created internally.
46.Q: What is a benefit of Dependency Injection? A: It improves testability and
reduces tight coupling between classes.
47.Q: What is the Null Object pattern? A: Uses a neutral "do nothing" object
instead of null references to avoid null checks.
48.Q: What is the difference between Strategy and State patterns? A: Strategy
lets a client choose an algorithm; State lets an object change behavior
automatically based on its internal state.
49.Q: What is the difference between Facade and Adapter? A: Facade
simplifies access to a complex subsystem; Adapter converts one interface
into another expected interface.
50.Q: Why are design patterns important in software development? A: They
provide tested, reusable solutions that improve code readability, flexibility,
and maintainability.