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Science

Grade 10 DepEd Science–based

A
• Abiotic (adj.) – Referring to the nonliving components of an ecosystem.
• Acceleration (n.) – The rate at which velocity changes over time.
• Acid (n.) – A substance that produces hydrogen ions (H⁺) in aqueous solution.
• Acid Rain (n.) – Precipitation containing acidic components formed from air
pollutants.
• Activation Energy (n.) – The minimum energy required to start a chemical
reaction.
• Adaptation (n.) – An inherited trait that improves an organism’s survival.
• Aerobic Respiration (n.) – The process of producing energy in cells using
oxygen.
• Allele (n.) – An alternative form of a gene.
• Altitude (n.) – The height of an object or place above sea level.
• Alveoli (n.) – Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
• Amino Acid (n.) – The basic unit that builds proteins.
• Amplitude (n.) – The maximum displacement of a wave from its equilibrium
position.
• Anaerobic Respiration (n.) – Energy production in cells without oxygen.
oh• Anaphase (n.) – The stage of mitosis when chromosomes separate.
• Anatomy (n.) – The study of the structure of organisms.
• Angiosperm (n.) – A flowering plant that produces seeds enclosed in fruit.
• Antibody (n.) – A protein produced by the immune system to fight foreign
substances.
• Antigen (n.) – A substance that triggers an immune response.
• Atom (n.) – The smallest unit of an element that retains its properties.
• Autotroph (n.) – An organism that makes its own food using light or chemical
energy.

B
 • Balanced Equation (n.) – A chemical equation in which the number of atoms of
each element is equal on both sides.
• Base (n.) – A substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in aqueous
solution.
• Binary Fission (n.) – A type of asexual reproduction where one cell divides into
two identical cells.
• Bioaccumulation (n.) – The gradual buildup of substances, such as toxins, in an
organism.
• Biochemical Reaction (n.) – A chemical reaction that occurs within living
organisms.
• Biodegradable (adj.) – Capable of being broken down by microorganisms.
• Biodiversity (n.) – The variety of living organisms in a particular area.
• Biogeochemical Cycle (n.) – The movement of elements through living and
nonliving parts of Earth.
• Biology (n.) – The scientific study of life.
• Biomagnification (n.) – The increasing concentration of toxic substances at
higher levels of a food chain.
• Biomass (n.) – The total mass of living organisms in a given area.
• Biome (n.) – A large ecological region defined by climate and plant and animal
life.
• Biomolecule (n.) – An organic molecule found in living organisms.
• Biosphere (n.) – The global system that includes all living organisms and their
environments.
• Boiling Point (n.) – The temperature at which a liquid changes into gas.
• Bond Energy (n.) – The energy required to break a chemical bond.
• Boyle’s Law (n.) – The gas law stating that pressure is inversely proportional to
volume at constant temperature.
• Bronchi (n.) – The main air passages that lead from the trachea to the lungs.
• Bronchioles (n.) – Smaller branches of the bronchi inside the lungs.
• Buoyancy (n.) – The upward force exerted by a fluid on an object placed in it.

C
• Calorie (n.) – A unit of energy.
• Capillary (n.) – The smallest type of blood vessel.
• Carbon Cycle (n.) – The movement of carbon through living and nonliving parts
of Earth.
• Catalyst (n.) – A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction
without being consumed.
• Cell (n.) – The basic structural and functional unit of life.
• Cell Division (n.) – The process by which a cell divides into two or more
daughter cells.
• Cell Membrane (n.) – The semi-permeable membrane surrounding the
cytoplasm of a cell.
• Cellular Respiration (n.) – The process by which cells produce energy from
glucose and oxygen.
• Centriole (n.) – A cylindrical organelle that aids in cell division.
• Chemical Bond (n.) – The force that holds two or more atoms together.
• Chemical Change (n.) – A change that produces one or more new substances.
• Chemical Equation (n.) – A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction.
• Chemical Reaction (n.) – A process in which substances are transformed into
new substances.
• Chlorophyll (n.) – The green pigment in plants used for photosynthesis.
• Chromosome (n.) – A DNA-containing structure that carries genetic
information.
• Circulatory System (n.) – The system that transports blood and nutrients
throughout the body.
• Climate (n.) – The long-term pattern of weather in a particular region.
• Cohesion (n.) – The attraction between molecules of the same substance.
• Combustion (n.) – A chemical reaction with oxygen that releases heat and light.
• Compound (n.) – A substance formed when two or more elements chemically
combine.

D
• Data (n.) – Facts or information collected for analysis.
• Decomposer (n.) – An organism that breaks down dead material and returns
nutrients to the soil.
• Density (n.) – Mass per unit volume of a substance.
• Dependent Variable (n.) – The variable measured in an experiment.
• Deposition (n.) – The process in which a gas changes directly into a solid.
• Diffusion (n.) – The movement of particles from high concentration to low
concentration.
• Digestive System (n.) – The system that breaks down food into nutrients.
• Displacement (n.) – The change in position of an object.
• Dissolution (n.) – The process of dissolving a solute in a solvent.
• Dominant Trait (n.) – A genetic trait that masks the effect of another trait.
• DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) (n.) – The molecule that carries genetic
information.
• Doppler Effect (n.) – The change in frequency of a wave due to motion of the
source or observer.
• Drafting (n.) – The process of drawing plans or diagrams.
• Drought (n.) – A prolonged period of below-average rainfall.
• Dry Cell (n.) – A type of battery with a paste electrolyte.
• Dynamic Equilibrium (n.) – A state in which forward and reverse processes
occur at equal rates.
• Dynamo (n.) – A device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
• Ductility (n.) – The ability of a material to be drawn into wire.
• Dune (n.) – A mound of sand formed by wind in deserts or coastal areas.
• Duodenum (n.) – The first part of the small intestine where digestion continues.